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Search results for: two-stage concrete
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Self-compacting grout to produce two-stage concrete
PublicationTraditional concrete (TC) is primarily composed...
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Self-compacting grout to produce two-stage concrete
PublicationTraditional concrete (TC) is primarily composed of a mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water. TC is made by mixing together all the components before placing them. Using non-traditional concrete (two-stage concrete) to solve and to eliminate the problem of the aggregate segregation which appears in TC and in the self-compacting concrete. Two-stage concrete (TSC) consists of two main components, namely the grout...
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Mechanical properties of two-stage concrete modified by silica fume
PublicationAbstract. Two-stage concretes, despite the fact that they have proven themselves in various types of construction, have not been studied to the same extent as traditional heavy concretes. Therefore, the article developed the composition of frame concrete with various additives in the composition of the cement-sand mortar. A comparison of the mechanical characteristics of the developed compositions with the addition of silica fume...
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Influence of grout proportions on modulus of elascity of two-stage concrete
PublicationOmówiono badania doświadczalne przeprowadzone dla betonu dwuetapowego. Beton wykonano z kruszywa otoczakowego przy zastosowaniu trzech różnych proporcji w/c i c/p. Na drodze statystycznej opracowano prosty wzór umożliwiający wstępne szacowanie wartości siecznego modułu Younga. Ponieważ metoda dwuetapowa pozwala na zachowanie kontaktu pomiędzy poszczególnymi elementami kamiennego szkieletu wypełniającego formę, wytrzymałość uzyskanego...
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Stress strain relations and modulus of elascity of two stage concrete.
PublicationOmówiono badania doświadczalne przeprowadzone dla betonu dwuetapowego. Beton wykonano z trzech różnych kruszyw przy zastosowaniu trzech różnych proporcji w/c i c/p. Wyznaczono związki pomiędzy naprężeniami i odkształceniami. Na drodze statystycznej opracowano wzory umożliwiające wstępne szacowanie wartości siecznego modułu Younga. Ponieważ metoda dwuetapowa pozwala na zachowanie kontaktu pomiędzy poszczególnymi elementami kamiennego...
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Effect of coarse grain aggregate on strength parameters of two-stage concrete
Publication. Two-stage concrete (TSC) is a special type of concrete that the method of its construction and implementation is different from conventional one. In TSC, coarse aggregate particles are first placed in the formwork and voids between them are subsequently injected with a special cementations mixture. TSC has been successfully used in many applications, such as underwater construction, casting concrete sections congested with reinforcement...
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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Two-Stage Concrete and Conventional Concrete Using Nondestructive Tests
PublicationDifferent types of concrete mixtures are used as building materials. The manufacturing process of two-stage concrete (TSC) differs from that of conventional concrete. This study investigated conventional mechanical properties derive empirical relations for estimation of the mechanical parameters of TSC and conventional concrete mixtures. TSC was used to prepare 216 specimens and conventional concrete was used to prepare 108 specimens...
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Effect of slag coal ash and foamed glass on the mechanical properties of two-stage concrete
PublicationTwo-stage concrete (TSC) is known by various names such as colcrete, Polcrete, preplaced aggregate concrete and prepacked concrete. It is different from traditional concrete in two fundamental ways, namely method of construction and mix proportion. Two-stage concrete (TSC) is defined as firstly, coarse aggregates are placed into the formwork and grout is applied to fill in the between coarse aggregate particles voids. Secondly,...
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Two Stage SVM and kNN Text Documents Classifier
PublicationThe paper presents an approach to the large scale text documents classification problem in parallel environments. A two stage classifier is proposed, based on a combination of k-nearest neighbors and support vector machines classification methods. The details of the classifier and the parallelisation of classification, learning and prediction phases are described. The classifier makes use of our method named one-vs-near. It is...
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Two dimensional inverse method of turbomachinery stage design
PublicationW artykule przedstawion rys historyczny dotyczący modelu osiowo-symetrycznego w zastosowaniu do maszyn wirnikowych. Została sformułowana metoda rozwiązywania zadania odwrotnego polegaająca na znajdywaniu powierzchni będfącej obrazem łopatki w osiowo symetrycznym modelu maszyny wirnikowej. Zaprezentowano przykłady zastosowania tej metody w odniesieniu do łopatki kierowniczej turbiny, spreżarki promieniowej oraz pompo-turbiny.
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Two-Stage Variable-Fidelity Modeling of Antennas with Domain Confinement
PublicationSurrogate modeling has become the method of choice in solving an increasing number of antenna design tasks, especially those involving expensive full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Notwithstanding, the curse of dimensionality considerably affects conventional metamodeling methods, and their capability to efficiently handle nonlinear antenna characteristics over broad ranges of the system parameters is limited. Performance-driven...
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Two-stage method of impulsive noise detection for audio signals
PublicationPrzedstawiono nowa dwuetapową metodę detekcji zakłóceń impulsowych opartą na analizie funkcji gęstości rozkładu prawdopodobieństwa zakłóconego sygnału. Opisano algorytm określania poziomu wyzwalania detektora progowego.
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A two-scale (FEM-DEM) approach for concrete
PublicationArtykuł omawia dwu-skalowe podejście do betonu przy wykorzystaniu modelu Mes i DEM. Metodę elementów skończonych zastosowano na poziomie makro. Na poziomie mikro zastosowano metodę elementów dyskretnych. Macierz sztywności wyznaczono na podstawie tensora naprężeń wyznaczonego w skali mikro. Wyniki numeryczne dwusalowe porównano z wynikami dyskretnymi dla całego obszaru.
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The concept of a new two-stage fuse for high power pulse forming
PublicationThis manuscript introduces the concept, physical operating principle and studies on a new and unique two stage forming fuse (TSFF) with interstage spark gap commutation and presents its application for forming high power pulses of extreme parameters. The paper classifies TSFF performance and compares it with conventional single-stage forming fuses. The conclusions are supported by analytical and experimental studies in laboratory...
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Modeling of a re-heat two-stage adsorption chiller by AI approach
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Frequency compensation for two-stage operational amplifiers with improved PSRR characteristic
PublicationW pracy została opisana nowa metoda kompensacji częstotliwościowej dwustopniowych wzmacniaczy operacyjnych. Metoda kompensacji gwarantuje uzyskanie stabilnej pracy wzmacniacza operacyjnego przy założeniu że wzmocnienie układu z zamkniętą pętlą sprzężenia zwrotnego jest ograniczone do wartości kilkunastu decybeli. W porównaniu do innych znanych metod kompensacji, zaproponowana metoda umożliwia co najmniej dziesięciokrotne poszerzenie...
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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Health Systems in The European Countries-Two-Stage DEA Model
PublicationThis article compares the efficiency of health systems in selected European countries using two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA), based on data from the EUROSTAT database. In the first step, DEA efficiency scores were calculated for health care systems and, subsequently, the external variables describing lifestyle were used to calculate the truncated regression. Health care resources (physicians, nurses, hospital beds, financial...
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Efficiency of European public higher education institutions: a two-stage multicountry approach
PublicationThe purpose of this study is to examine efficiency and its determinants in a set of higher education institutions (HEIs) from several European countries by means of non-parametric frontier techniques. Our analysis is based on a sample of 259 public HEIs from 7 European countries across the time period of 2001-2005. We conduct a two-stage DEA analysis (Simar and Wilson in J Economet 136:31-64, 2007), first evaluating DEA scores...
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Two-stage procedure of building a spatial weight matrix with the consideration of economic distance
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Performance Evaluation of a Single-Stage Two-Bed Adsorption Chiller With Desalination Function
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An adaptive neuro-fuzzy model of a re-heat two-stage adsorption chiller
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Fpga implementation of the two-stage high-speed fir filter in residue arithmetic
Publicationw pracy przedstawiono implementację szybkiego, dwustopniowego kaskadowego filtru fir w technologii fpga z użyciem arytmetyki resztowej. zastosowanie arytmetyki resztowej pozwala na uzyskanie dużych częstotliwości potokowania w związku z użyciem małych mnożników. zalety arytmetyki resztowej są ograniczane w pewnym stopniu koniecznością wykonywania skalowania po pierwszym stopniu filtru celem uniknięcia nadmiaru arytmetycznego. w...
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Influence of Two-Stage Anodization on Properties of the Oxide Coatings on the Ti–13Nb–13Zr Alloy
PublicationThe increasing demand for titanium and its alloys used for implants results in need of such innovative surface treatment that may jointly increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and demonstrate antibacterial protection at no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this research was to characterize the effect of two-stage anodization, performed for 30 min in phosphoric acid, at the presence of hydrofluoric acid in the second stage....
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Design-Oriented Two-Stage Surrogate Modeling of Miniaturized Microstrip Circuits with Dimensionality Reduction
PublicationContemporary microwave design heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. This is especially the case for miniaturized devices where EM cross-coupling effects cannot be adequately accounted for using equivalent network models. Unfortunately, EM analysis incurs considerable computational expenses, which becomes a bottleneck whenever multiple evaluations are required. Common simulation-based design tasks include...
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Two-Stage Identification of Locally Stationary Autoregressive Processes and its Application to the Parametric Spectrum Estimation
PublicationThe problem of identification of a nonstationary autoregressive process with unknown, and possibly time-varying, rate of parameter changes, is considered and solved using the parallel estimation approach. The proposed two-stage estimation scheme, which combines the local estimation approach with the basis function one, offers both quantitative and qualitative improvements compared with the currently used single-stage methods.
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Impact response of novel layered two stage fibrous composite slabs with different support type
PublicationThe performance of novel Layered Two Stage Fibrous Composite slabs (LTSFC) was pioneered under falling mass collisions using a combined experimental and numerical study. Such LTSFC slabs consist of three layers with and without the insertion of glass fibre mesh between the layers. LTSFC techniques were used to fabricate the composite slabs with three layers including 3%, 1.5%, and 3% of fibre content for the top, middle, and...
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Two-stage quasi-Z-source network based step-up DC/DC converter
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Composite Beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete - early stage of a theorethical and experimental analysis of a shear zone
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present a forgoing preparation for a theoretical and experimental analysis of a shear zone of a composite beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete. Authors present their current knowledge, achievements and predicted challenges in later stages of the research. Properties of component materials are presented in the context of compensating weaknesses of one material with strengths of the...
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Low-Cost Modeling of Microwave Components by Means of Two-Stage Inverse/Forward Surrogates and Domain Confinement
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is one of the most important tools in the design of modern microwave components and systems. EM simulation permits reliable evaluation of circuits at the presence of cross-coupling effects or substrate anisotropy, as well as for accounting for interactions with the immediate environment. However, repetitive analyses required by EM-driven procedures, such as parametric optimization or statistical...
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Effect of admixtures on fresh grout and two-srtage (pre-placed aggregate) concrete
PublicationPrzedstawiono rezultaty badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzonych dla betonu uzyskanego metodą dwuetapową. Główną przeszkodą szerokiego zastosowania metody betonowania dwuetapowego Polcrete była niska wydajność urządzenia wytwarzającego mikrozaprawę - ultramiksera (UM). Celem przeprowadzonych badań laboratoryjnych było dobranie odpowiednich dodatków i domieszek, które umożliwią wytworzenie mikrozaprawy o takich samych parametrach...
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An evaluation and explanation of (in)efficiency in higher education institutions in Europe and the U.S. with the application of two-stage semi-parametric DEA
PublicationThis study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative efficiency of 500 higher education institutions (HEIs) in ten European countries and the U.S. for the period between 2000 and 2010. Efficiency scores are determined using different input-output sets (inputs: total revenue, academic staff, administration staff, total number of students; outputs: total number of publications, number of scientific articles, graduates)...
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Characterization of bacterial structures in two-stage moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) during nitrification of the landfill leachate
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An evaluation and explanation of (in)efficiency in higher education institutions in Europe and the U.S. with the application of two-stage semi-parametric DEA
PublicationIn this study the technical efficiency of number of public European and American HEIs is assessed over a decade. Efficiency scores are determined using nonparametric DEA with different input-output sets and considering different frontiers: global frontier (all HEIs pooled together), regional frontier (Europe and the U.S. having their own frontiers) and country-specific ones. The external factors affecting the degree of HEI inefficiency...
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Variable‐fidelity modeling of antenna input characteristics using domain confinement and two‐stage Gaussian process regression surrogates
PublicationThe major bottleneck of electromagnetic (EM)-driven antenna design is the high CPU cost of massive simulations required by parametric optimization, uncertainty quantification, or robust design procedures. Fast surrogate models may be employed to mitigate this issue to a certain extent. Unfortunately, the curse of dimensionality is a serious limiting factor, hindering the construction of conventional data-driven models valid over...
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Two - scale model for concrete beams subjected to three point bending - numerical analyses and experiments
PublicationArtykuł omawia dwu-skalowe podejście do betonu przy wykorzystaniu połączonych modeli. Metodę elementów skończonych zastosowano na poziomie makro. Na poziomie mikro zastosowano metodę elementów dyskretnych. Macierz sztywności wyznaczono na podstawie tensora naprężeń wyznaczonego w skali mikro. Wyniki numeryczne dw-skalowe porównano z wynikami dyskretnymi dla całego obszaru.
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The use of a two-phase Monte Carlo material model to reflect the dispersion of asphalt concrete fracture parameters
PublicationThe work covers comprehensive laboratory tests of semi-circular bending (SCB) of asphalt concrete samples. The results of two test series, including four and 32 SCB specimens, indicate a substantial scatter of force–deflection (F-d) histories. The numerical analysis is aimed to reflect the maximum breaking load and fracture energy of the samples, pointing out their random character. The original simulation-based fictitious Monte...
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Two-dimensional simulations of concrete fracture at aggregate level with cohesive elements based on X-ray lCT images
PublicationThe paper presents results of two-dimensional meso-scale simulations of fracture in notched concrete beams subjected to three-point bending test. Concrete was assumed as a 4-phase material composed of aggregate grains placed in the cement matrix, interfacial transitional zones (ITZs) and macro-voids. The particle distribution was taken from real concrete beams on the basis of X-ray lCT images. Comprehensive numerical analyses were carried...
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Simple empirical formula to estimate the main geomechanical parameters of preplaced aggregate concrete and conventional concrete
PublicationPreplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) or two-stage concrete is a specific type of concrete successfully employed in many projects including underwater concrete structures, massive concrete structures, structures made of reinforced concrete, and improvement of concrete structures. PAC is significantly different than the conventional concrete. In this type of concrete, aggregates are initially poured into the mold, the voids between...
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Application of guided waves in the evaluation of steel-concrete adhesive connection
PublicationThe aim of the paper is the application of guided waves in the evaluation of a condition state of adhesive connection between steel and concrete. The study concerns a push-out specimen consisting of two steel plates glued to opposite faces of a concrete cube with the use of structural adhesive. Wave propagation in the specimen without external load is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The second stage of the investigation...
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The Effect of Fly Ash Microspheres on the Pore Structure of Concrete
PublicationThe fly ash microspheres (FAMs) formed during the mineral transformation stage in coal combustion are hollow spherical particles with a density less than water. This paper presents the results of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and an automatic image analysis system of the porosity in the structure of hardened concrete with microspheres. Concrete mixtures with ordinary Portland cement and two substitution rates of cement by microspheres—5%...
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CONCRETE BEHAVIOUR AT MESO-LEVEL DURING QUASI-STATIC SPLITTING TENSION
PublicationThe paper describes experimental and numerical results of quasi-static splitting tensile tests on concrete specimens at meso-scale level. The loading strip was made of plywood or steel. Fracture in concrete was detected at the aggregate level by means of three non-destructive methods: 3D x-ray micro-computed tomography, 2D scanning electron microscope and manual 2D digital microscope. The discrete element method was used to directly...
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Comparative study on fracture evolution in steel fibre and bar reinforced concrete beams using acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
PublicationIn recent decades, the demand for sustainable construction practices has increased, but raw materials such as reinforcing steel remain scarce. Therefore, steel fibres have emerged as a popular and sustainable choice in the construction industry, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional steel bar reinforcement for both flatwork and elevated structures. The purpose of this study is therefore to compare the performance...
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Diagnostics and monitoring of the longest span extradosed bridge in Europe
PublicationThe article presents complex diagnostic procedures applied for the purpose of behavior analysis of the extradosed bridge with the longest span in Europe that was built in 2018 in Poland. The system of health monitoring was used to: register internal forces in temporary supports, monitor concrete bonding, perform in situ diagnostics and operation tests. The bridge is a continuous four-span structure with spans theoretical lengths...
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The rigid and flexible road pavements in terms of life cycle costs
PublicationThe cost of road pavement construction, its durability and reliability depends on many factors, including: the scope and detail of the technical design, quality of work but also the scope of works related to its maintenance, conservation and operation. Determining the amount of rational expenses, in terms of the life cycle cost of the pavement, requires determination and consideration of the above issues, already at the planning...
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Effective Formula for Impact Damping Ratio for Simulation of Earthquake-induced Structural Pounding
PublicationStructural pounding during earthquakes may cause substantial damage to colliding structures. The phenomenon is numerically studied using different models of collisions. The aim of the present paper is to propose an effective formula for the impact damping ratio, as a parameter of the impact force model used to study different problems of structural pounding under seismic excitations. Its accuracy has been verified by four various...
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Internal imaging of concrete fracture based on elastic waves and ultrasound computed tomography
PublicationThe condition assessment of concrete structures belongs to the greatest challenges of non-destructive testing. Monitoring the fracture process of concrete and detecting cracks at the earliest possible stage is a vital aspect to ensure the safety of civil engineering objects. The use of ultrasound tomography enables imaging the internal structure of a tested element. This study aims at the visualization of fracture damage in concrete...
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Integrated Application of GPR and Ultrasonic Testing in the Diagnostics of a Historical Floor
PublicationThe paper presents the results of integrated ground penetrating radar (GPR) and ultrasonic testing (UT) measurements conducted on a historical floor in St. Nicholas’ Church, Gdańsk, Poland. The described inspection was the first stage of the technical state assessment of the building. The aim of the study was the detection of underfloor air gaps, which were observed in a few trial pits. The condition of the ground under the floor...
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Impact performance of novel multi-layered prepacked aggregate fibrous composites under compression and bending
PublicationMulti-layered Prepacked aggregate fibrous composite (MLPAFC) is a new type of concrete, which is prepared in two subsequent stages of aggregate-fibre skeleton prepacking and cementitious grouting. In this study, ten MLPAFC mixtures were prepared in three subsequent layers incorporating different contents of four different types of steel fibres. Long and short hooked-end and crimped steel fibers were adopted with 3.0 and 1.5% dosages...
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Debonding Detection in Reinforced Concrete Beams with the Use of Guided Wave Propagation
PublicationOne of the most frequent damage of the reinforced concrete structures is debonding between steel bar and concrete cover. In the case of debonding occurrence not only the strength of the structure decreases, but also it is more vulnerable to corrosion damages. For this reason fast and effective methods of debonding detection in an early stage of its development need a significant boost. The paper presents analytical and experimental...
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Size effect in concrete under splitting tension
PublicationThe size effect is a fundamental phenomenon in concrete materials. It denotes that both the nominal structural strength and material ductility always decrease with increasing element size under tension. In the paper splitting tensile tests on cylindrical concrete specimens with the different diameter were carried out. Two types of the loading strip (plywood board and steel cylinder) were used. The concrete strength and ductility...