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Cost-performance framework for the assessment of Modular Multilevel Converter in HVDC transmission applications
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Experimental research on low-cost cold gas propulsion for a space robot platform
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Life Cycle Cost Assessment and the Optimum Design of Timber Roofs for Sustainable Construction
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SEM and TEM Studies on <i>In-Situ</i> Cast Al–TiC Composites
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Structure Analysis of the Modified Cast Metal Matrix Composites by Use of the Rve Theory
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Cost-Effectiveness of Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with a Novel Perioperative Protocol
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Optimization of The Shortest-Path Routing with Equal-Cost Multi-Path Load Balancing
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Application of Hybrid FEM-DIC Method for Assessment of Low Cost Building Structures
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN POLYURETHANE FOAMS CONTAINING LOW-COST AND PRO-ECOLOGICAL MODIFIERS
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Cost minimization of locating construction machinery park with the use of simulation and optimization algorithms
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High precision and accuracy using low cost GNSS receivers and supporting technologies
PublicationThis chapter focuses on methods and techniques of positioning, based on the highly accurate and precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which are available at a relatively low price. In this context, a comparison of different positioning methods provided by the free and open source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB is given. Other aspects related to price reduction are also considered, including availability and...
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Cost Analysis of Prefabricated Elements of the Ordinary and Lightweight Concrete Walls in Residential Construction
PublicationGlobal economic growth causes an increase in natural resources exploitation, particularly in construction branch. The growing use of electricity contributes to climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to search the solutions, which will allow for reducing natural resources exploitation. One of the many opportunities to do that is the application of the recycled materials. The authors of the given article have analyzed three variants...
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The demand for skills and the labor cost in partner countries: evidence from the enlarged EU
PublicationWe analyse the consequences of trade integration in Europe (1995-2005) detecting how thelabor costs in partner countries affects the demand for domestic high- and low-skilled labor inthe EU-15 (Old) and five New member states. In general, independently on the skill level, the resultshint at complementarity between domestic and foreign labor. However, the demand for thehigh skilled in New EU members' low skill intensive sectors...
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A recent developments in polyurethane foams containing a low-cost and pro-ecological modifiers
PublicationDiversity of the polyurethane (PU) foams applications cause that investigation of the relationships between their structure and properties is currently very popular topic among the many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years many scientific papers about PU foams and their composites were published. The one of the main research trends in this field is related to the reduction of production costs of...
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Low-Cost Data-Driven Surrogate Modeling of Antenna Structures by Constrained Sampling
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis has become one of the major design tools for contemporary antenna structures. Although reliable, it is computationally expensive which makes automated simulation-driven antenna design (e.g., parametric optimization) difficult. This difficulty can be alleviated by utilization of fast and accurate replacement models (surrogates). Unfortunately, conventional data-driven modeling of antennas...
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Pointing device for elders with low cost and mixed manual-gaze control interface
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono projekt interfejsu pozwalającego na zastąpienie standardowej myszki komputerowej sterowaniem wzrokowym, z nieznacznym manualnym wspomaganiem. Manualne wspomaganie ma na celu korekcję współrzędnych kursora.
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The demand for skills and labour cost in partner countries. Evidence from the enlarged EU
PublicationWe analyse the consequences of trade integration in Europe (1995-2005) detecting how the labour costs in partner countries affect the domestic demand for high- and low-skilled labour in 'Old' (EU-15) and five 'New' EU member states. In general, independently of the skill level of workers, the results suggest complementarity between domestic and foreign labour. However, when we take into account the typology of sectors, the demand...
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Rotational Design Space Reduction for Cost-Efficient Multi-Objective Antenna Optimization
PublicationCost-efficient multi-objective design of antenna structures is presented. Our approach is based on design space reduction algorithm using auxiliary single-objective optimization runs and coordinate system rotation. The initial set of Pareto-optimal solutions is obtained by optimizing a response surface approximation model established in the reduced space using coarse-discretization EM simulation data. The optimization engine is...
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Inverse surrogate modeling for low-cost geometry scaling of microwave and antenna structures
PublicationPurpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate strategies for expedited dimension scaling ofelectromagnetic (EM)-simulated microwave and antenna structures, exploiting the concept of variable-fidelity inverse surrogate modeling.Design/methodology/approach–A fast inverse surrogate modeling technique is described fordimension scaling of microwave and antenna structures. The model is established using referencedesigns obtained...
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Low-cost multi-objective optimization and experimental validation of UWB MIMO antenna
PublicationPurpose–The purpose of this paper is to validate methodologies for expedited multi-objective designoptimization of complex antenna structures both numerically and experimentally.Design/methodology/approach–The task of identifying the best possible trade-offs between theantenna size and its electrical performance is formulated as multi-objective optimization problem.Algorithmic frameworks are described for finding Pareto-optimal...
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Cast Iron Staircase in Aleksandrów Kujawski (Poland) - History, Construction, Architectural Form
PublicationThe text presents historic cast iron staircase, which is situated inside the railway station building in Aleksandrów Kujawski. Since the moment of creation in the 19th century for a long time that station, located at the border of Prussia and Kingdom of Poland, was an important transit point. Nowadays it is situated in the central of Poland. The staircase was built in 1870’s as a result of an extension of the railway station building...
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A bound on the number of middle-stage crossbars in f-cast rearrangeable Clos networks
PublicationIn 2006 Chen and Hwang gave a necessary and sufficient condition under which a three-stage Clos network is rearrangeable for broadcast connections. Assuming that only crossbars of the first stage have no fan-out property, we give similar conditions for f-cast Clos networks, where f is an arbitrary but fixed invariant of the network. Such assumptions are valid for some practical switching systems, e.g. high-speed crossconnects....
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Design aspects of a low-cost prosthetic arm for people with severe movement disabilities
PublicationIn this paper the main aspects of mechanical design behind the low-cost prosthetic arm are presented. The fundamentals of a proper design has been defined to obtain functional 3D printed 5 degree of freedom (DOF) prosthesis. The designed prosthetic arm is a part of the hybrid interface with eye tracking movement control. The main focus was to create affordable but usable prosthesis which corresponds in size and weights to the human...
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Low-Cost Surrogate Modeling of Miniaturized Microwave Components Using Nested Kriging
PublicationIn the paper, a recently reported nested kriging methodology is employed for modeling of miniaturized microwave components. The approach is based on identifying the parameter space region that contains high-quality designs, and, subsequently, rendering the surrogate in this subset. The results obtained for a miniaturized unequal-power-split rat-race coupler and a compact three-section impedance transformer demonstrate reliability...
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Model tests of cast-in-place piles formed by using different types of auger
PublicationModel tests are still a popular research tool used to observe and determine the mechanisms of pile-soil interaction. Due to the significant scale effect, the results of model tests performed in the 1g system can only be analysed from the qualitative side. This article describes and presents the results of 1g pile model tests carried out for comparative purposes. There were tested the effectiveness and efficiency of various types...
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Accurate Lightweight Calibration Methods for Mobile Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors
PublicationMonitoring air pollution is a critical step towards improving public health, particularly when it comes to identifying the primary air pollutants that can have an impact on human health. Among these pollutants, particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of up to 2.5 μ m (or PM2.5) is of particular concern, making it important to continuously and accurately monitor pollution related to PM. The emergence of mobile low-cost PM sensors...
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Planning a Cost-Effective Delay-Constrained Passive Optical Network for 5G Fronthaul
PublicationWith the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry moving towards 5G and beyond (5GB) and the emergence of data-hungry and time-sensitive applications, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are faced with a considerable challenge to keep up with these new demands. Cloud radio access network (CRAN) has emerged as a cost-effective architecture that improves 5GB performance. The fronthaul segment of the CRAN necessitates a high-capacity...
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Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective
PublicationCurrently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient...
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Waste tire rubber as low-cost and environmentally-friendly modifier in thermoset polymers – A review
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Potato Juice, a Starch Industry Waste, as a Cost-Effective Medium for the Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cellulose
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The cost of reproduction in women: Reproductive effort and oxidative stress in premenopausal and postmenopausal American women
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Cost Effectiveness of Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with a Novel Peri-Operative Bundle
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Pareto Optimal Decisions in Multi-Criteria Decision Making Explained with Construction Cost Cases
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Insight into the microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete: Cast versus printed specimens
PublicationThis study presents the comparison of microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) depending on its production method (printing or casting). Printed samples with different numbers of layers, as well as a cast specimen with an identical mix composition, were produced and compared, with their microstructural pore and solid characteristics quantitatively and qualitatively investigated. For this purpose,...
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A new method for searching optimal path on a raster plane including cost of direction changes
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia nowy algorytm znajdowania optymalnych tras na siatkach rastrowych. Szczegółowo opisano zastosowane struktury danych, dzięki który algorytm ma liniową złoŻoność obliczeniową. Zamieszczono również propozycje możliwych zastosowań.
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Characteristics of the (Mn-N-O-P) type layers created on the cast aluminium alloys
PublicationPrzedstawiono skład chemiczny i fazowy, a także właściwości korozyjne i tribologiczne warstw powierzchniowych typu (Mn-N-O-P) wytworzonych na odlewniczych stopach aluminium. Warstwy typu (Mn-N-O-P) wielokrotnie podnoszą zarówno właściwości tribologiczne jak i korozyjne odlewniczych stopów aluminium z krzemem.
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A tribological research on a reciprocating sliding contact of aluminum-ferrous composite against cast-iron.
PublicationOpisano badania kompozytów: silumin AlSi11-żelazo albo silumin AlSi11-stal narzędziowa N9 (otrzymanych in situ), a także samego siluminu AlSi11 w skojarzeniu z żeliwem 350, przy tarciu ślizgowym w ruchu posuwisto-zwrotnym. Stwierdzono wpływ sposobu otrzymywania materiału kompozytowego na zużycie i opory ruchu skojarzenia badawczego, w szczególności materiały te zużywały się wolniej, niż silumin AlSi11.
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Reduced-cost surrogate modelling of compact microwave components by two-level kriging interpolation
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is a versatile tool for evaluating the performance of high-frequency components. Its potential drawback is its high computational cost, inhibiting the execution of EM-driven tasks requiring massive simulations. The applicability of equivalent network models is limited owing to the topological complexity of compact microstrip components because of EM cross-coupling effects. Development of...
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Uniform sampling in constrained domains for low-cost surrogate modeling of antenna input characteristics
PublicationIn this letter, a design of experiments technique that permits uniform sampling in constrained domains is proposed. The discussed method is applied to generate training data for construction of fast replacement models (surrogates) of antenna input characteristics. The modeling process is design-oriented with the surrogate domain spanned by a set of reference designs optimized with respect to the performance figures and/or operating...
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Low cost real time UAV stereo photogrammetry modelling technique – accuracy considerations
PublicationThe paper presents accuracy considerations regarding three 3D modelling techniques. The tested new consumer type stereo camera (ZED 3D Stereolabs) has been implemented info an aerial mapping system, on board micro air vehicle MAV) and tested object has been mapped using a real-time photogrammetry with original real-time software application. The evaluated results has been compared with model gained with a state of art unmanned...
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Domain segmentation for low-cost surrogate-assisted multi-objective design optimisation of antennas
PublicationAbstract: Information regarding the best possible design trade-offs of an antenna structure can be obtained through multiobjective optimisation (MO). Unfortunately, MO is extremely challenging if full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models are used for performance evaluation. Yet, for the majority of contemporary antennas, EM analysis is the only tool that ensures reliability. This study introduces a procedure for accelerated...
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Reduced-cost design closure of antennas by means of gradient search with restricted sensitivity update
PublicationDesign closure, i.e., adjustment of geometry parameters to boost the performance, is a challenging stage of antenna design process. Given complexity of contemporary structures, reliable parameter tuning requires numerical optimization and can be executed using local algorithms. Yet, EM-driven optimization is a computationally expensive endeavour and reducing its cost is highly desirable. In this paper, a modification of the trust-region...
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Accuracy of a low-cost autonomous hexacopter platforms navigation module for a photogrammetric and environmental measurements
PublicationA photogrammetry and environmental measurements from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are a low-cost alternative for a traditional aerial photogrammetry. A commercial off-the-shelf products (COTS) offers a variety of cheap components that a suitable to be used on board a UAV. In this paper a low-cost navigation module based on Ublox NEO-M8N GPS and Pixhawk flight controller have been described, as a main extrinsic parameters source...
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Low-cost multi-objective design of compact microwave structures using domain patching
PublicationA good compromise between size and electrical performance is an important design consideration for compact microwave structures. Comprehensive information about size/performance trade-offs can be obtained through multi-objective optimization. Due to considerable electromagnetic (EM) cross-couplings in highly compressed layouts, the design process has to be conducted at the level of high-fidelity EM analysis which is computationally...
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Cost-efficient multi-objective design optimization of antennas in highly-dimensional parameter spaces
PublicationMulti-objective optimization of antenna structures in highly-dimensional parameter spaces is investigated. For expedited design, variable-fidelity EM simulations and domain patching algorithm are utilized. The results obtained for a monopole antenna with 13 geometry parameters are compared with surrogate-assisted optimization involving response surface approximation modeling.
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Cost-Effective and Sufficiently Precise Integration Method Adapted to the FEM Calculations of Bone Tissue
PublicationThe technique of Young’s modulus variation in the finite element is not spread in biomechanics. Our future goal is to adapt this technique to bone tissue strength calculations. The aim of this paper is to present the necessary studies of the element’s integration method that takes into account changes in material properties. For research purposes, a virtual sample with the size and distribution of mechanical properties similar...
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Evaluation of RTKLIB's Positioning Accuracy Using low-cost GNSS Receiver and ASG-EUPOS
PublicationThe paper focuses on a comparison of different positioning methods provided by free and open source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB. The RTKLIB supports real‐time and post‐processed positioning. The most important modes of operation tested by the authors are Kinematic, Static, Fixed and Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The data for evaluation were obtained from low‐cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver....
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Neural network based algorithm for hand gesture detection in a low-cost microprocessor applications
PublicationIn this paper the simple architecture of neural network for hand gesture classification was presented. The network classifies the previously calculated parameters of EMG signals. The main goal of this project was to develop simple solution that is not computationally complex and can be implemented on microprocessors in low-cost 3D printed prosthetic arms. As the part of conducted research the data set EMG signals corresponding...
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The In-House Method of Manufacturing a Low-Cost Heat Pipe with Specified Thermophysical Properties and Geometry
PublicationVarious types of heat pipes are available to purchase off the shelf, from various manufacturers, but most of them have strictly defined geometry and technical parameters. However, when there is a need to use a heat pipe (HP) with an unusual size and shape or working conditions other than the standard ones, it becomes very costly to order them from manufacturers, especially in small quantities, and only a few producers are willing...
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A Low-Cost System for Far-Field Non-Anechoic Measurements of Antenna Performance Figures
PublicationPrototype measurements are the key step in the development of antenna structures. Typically, their far-field characteristics are validated in expensive, dedicated facilities such as open range sites, or anechoic chambers. Despite being necessary for obtaining high-precision data (e.g., for device qualification), the use of costly infrastructure might not be fully justified when the main goal of measurements includes demonstration...