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Search results for: ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY
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The Relationships Between BTEX, NOx, and O3 Concentrations in Urban Air in Gdansk and Gdynia, Poland
PublicationThis paper presents the results of atmospheric air quality research conducted in the areas of two shipyard cities: Gdansk and Gdynia (Poland), in the period between March and December 2011. The purpose of the research was focused on determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) compounds in atmospheric air. Passive sampling technique, with Radiello® diffusive passive samplers, was used for BTEX sample collection...
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Mercury concentration in the sediments as a function of changing climate in coastal zone of Southern Baltic Sea – preliminary results
PublicationMercury, despite of its many uses in industry, is also highly toxic. It is highly neurotoxic, and because of the ability of mercury to penetrate placental barrier, in some countries ban on predatory fish consumption (the main route of mercury into human organism) by pregnant women was introduced. There are very little publications describing the consequences of weather anomalies on contaminants cycles. No research was published...
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The Impact of Weather on Traffic Speed in Urban Area
PublicationThe issue of the impact of weather conditions on trip speed of vehicles has been studied for a long time and it is still the subject of many scientific researches. The impact of atmospheric conditions on the speed with which drivers drive their vehicles seems to be obvious. Good weather conditions, sunny weather with good visibility surely provokes higher speed while rainfall, wind...
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Heat Transfer During Pool Boiling of Water, Methanol and R141b on Porous Coated Horizontal Tube Bundles
PublicationThis paper presents the results of experimental investigation of water, methanol and R141b refrigerant boiling on horizontal porous coated tube bundles supposed to represent a flooded-type evaporator. Experiments were carried out for a bundle of 19 tubes in triangular layout for two pitch-to-diameter ratio values – 1.7 and 2.0 – in atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressure conditions. Average heat transfer coefficients – both local,...
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Impact of blending with polystyrene on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of SiOC ceramic
PublicationIn this work, we present the electrochemical behavior and microstructural analysis of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics influenced by an addition of polystyrene (PS). Polymer-derived ceramics were obtained by pyrolysis (1000°C, Ar atmosphere) of different polysiloxanes prepared by sol–gel synthesis. This method is very effective to obtain desired composition of final ceramic. Two alkoxysilanes phenylthriethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane...
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Stężenie formaldehydu w wodach spływnych z arterii komunikacyjnych, powierzchni dachów budynków i koron drzew, wodach gruntowych i rzecznych oraz w opadach i osadach atmosferycznych na terenie aglomeracji miejskich = Formaldehyde in road runoff, roof runoff, ground water, river, atmospheric precipitation and deposition from highly urbanized regions
PublicationOznaczono stężenie formaldehydu w próbkach wód opadowych, spływnych z arterii komunikacyjnych, powierzchni dachów budynków i koron drzew, wód gruntowych i cieków wodnych oraz w próbkach śniegu, szronu i sadzi. Próbki pobierano przez okres 7 miesięcy w trakcie wystąpienia opadu lub osadu atmosferycznego lub tuż po jego ustąpieniu. Pomiar zawartości formaldehydu wykonywano stosując metodę szybkich testów spektrofotometrycznych w...
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Analysis of the influence of external conditions on temperature readings in thermograms and adaptive adjustment of the measured temperature value
PublicationMeasuring human temperature is a crucial step in preventing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. For the proper operation of an automatic body temperature measurement system throughout the year, it is necessary to consider outdoor conditions. In this paper, the effect of atmospheric factors on facial temperature readings using infrared thermography is investigated. A thorough analysis of the variation of facial temperature...
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Wykorzystanie różnych form opadów i osadów atmosferycznych do oceny zanieczyszczenia środowiska w różnych regionach geograficznych Polski. Część III - szron i sadź = Various forms of atmosheric precipitaion and deposits as a measure of environmental pollution in different geographic regions of Poland. Part III - Hoarfrost and rime.
PublicationW ramach pracy przedstawiono badania dotyczące oznaczenia stężeń wybranych związków nieorganicznych i organicznych w próbkach szronu i sadzi. Próbki pobierano w dziewięciu punktach na terenie całej Polski. Miejsca pobierania próbek podzielono ze względu na ich różny charakter: teren wiejski, teren miejski w głębi lądu oraz wybrzeże o charakterze miejskim (szron); szczyt górski, kotlina górska oraz wybrzeże o charakterze miejskim...
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The Progress in Electron Microscopy Studies of Particulate Matters to Be Used as a Standard Monitoring Method for Air Dust Pollution
PublicationThe present article reviews studies on air solid particles carried out with the use of electron microscopy. Particle analysis combining scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) can be used to derive size-resolved information of the composition, mixing state, morphology, and complex refractive index of atmospheric aerosol particles. It seems that electron microscopy is more widely used in atmospheric particulate...
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Monitoring of Selected CBRN Threats in the Air in Industrial Areas with the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
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Selected Metals in Urban Road Dust: Upper and Lower Silesia Case Study
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Water Needs of Sweet Cherry Trees in the Light of Predicted Climate Warming in the Bydgoszcz Region, Poland
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Flood Modelling and Risk Analysis of Cinan Feizuo Flood Protection Area, Huaihe River Basin
PublicationThis study evaluated multiple aspects of flood risks and effects on the Cinan Feizuo flood protection area in the Huaihe River basin. Flooding remains a leading problem for infrastructure, especially in urban, residential areas of the region. Effective flood modeling for urbanized floodplains is challenging, but MIKE (ID-2D) is paramount for analyzing and quantifying the risk in the vulnerable region. The Saint-Venant equation...
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Interannual Variability of the GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor in the Global Tropics
PublicationThis paper addresses the subject of inter-annual variability of the tropical precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from 18 years of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations. Non-linear trends of retrieved GNSS PWV were investigated using the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) along with various climate indices. For most of the analyzed stations (~49%) the GNSS PWV anomaly was related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation...
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Corrosivity of environment and the current state of the steel elements at the former Auschwitz concentration camp
PublicationThe objective of this study was to assess corrosivity of the atmospheric environment in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp, and to identify the protective properties of existing corrosion products in order to estimate the actual corrosion rate of original steel elements located there. The current atmospheric corrosivity of the former Auschwitz camp, specified during one year of exposure...
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Characteristics of odors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plant and methods for their identification and deodorization techniques
PublicationOdors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plants belong to a group of pollutants, which is the main cause of people complaining about atmospheric air quality. The limitation of emissions of unpleasant odors generated by wastewater treatment plants by using appropriate deodorization methods is omitted on numerous occasions. This can have a negative inflence on public trust and the quality of atmospheric air. The article...
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Influence of synthesis conditions on glass formation, structure and thermal properties in the Na 2 O-CaO-P 2 O 5 system doped with Si 3 N 4 and Mg
PublicationOxynitride phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics were prepared using new synthesis routes for phosphate glasses. Materials were melted from pre-prepared glass samples in the system Na-Ca-P-O with addition of Mg and/or Si3N4 powders under different preparation conditions. The melting process was conducted at 1000–1500 °C either under air or nitrogen atmosphere to obtain materials with different nitrogen content. Their topography...
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Free convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal porous coated tube
PublicationThe main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of nanoparticles on heat transfer coefficients during free convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal porous coated tube under atmospheric pressure for nanoparticle concentration of 0.01% by weight. Contrary to published data present study concerns on free convection of nanofluids in extensive, quiescent fluid.
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Insightful studies of AuCu nanostructures deposited on Ti platform: Effect of rapid thermal annealing on photoelectrochemical activity supported by synchrotron radiation studies
PublicationIn this work, we present the influence of annealing atmospheres during rapid thermal annealing (40◦C/s) on nanostructured Ti platforms modified by 10 nm layer of AuCu alloy obtained via magnetron sputtering. The AuCu/Ti platform annealed under hydrogen atmosphere exhibits the best photoelectrochemical activity under visible light, i.e. 27 times higher photocurrent than for pure Ti dimpled platform, and the lowest reflectance with minimum...
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MESOSCALE FUNCTIONS OF GPS SLANT DELAY
PublicationThe paper presents a computer module for GPS slant delay determination using data from COAMPS (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System) mesoscale non-hydrostatic model of the atmosphere which is run on IA64 Feniks computer cluster in the Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy of the Military University of Technology. The slant delay is the result of integrating the ray (eikonal) equation for the spatial function...
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SAMPLE-AND-HOLDING METHOD FOR GAS SENSING APPLIED FOR RESISTANCE GAS SENSORS
PublicationThe DC resistance of a Taguchi gas sensor is influenced by the ambient gas. To improve the selectivity and sensitivity of a sensor the fluctuation enhanced sensing (FES) was used. The paper proposes a novel methodology of utilizing FES technique that sample composition of an ambient atmosphere and hold it for further processing (sample-and-holding technique). The method uses the heated gas sensor to sample an ambient atmosphere...
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N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated MOF-derived yolk-shell ZnO/NiO hybrids to boost lithium and sodium ion battery performance
PublicationSurface engineering at the nanoscale to obtain robust interface between metal oxides and quantum dots is essential for improving the performance and stability of battery materials. Herein, we designed and prepared novel N-doped graphene quantum dot-modified ZnO/NiO anode materials with a well-defined yolk-shell structure for lithium and sodium-ion batteries. NG QDs were assembled on the ZnO/NiO microspheres using three different...
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Numerical Simulations of Seepage in Dikes Using unsaturated and Two-Phase Flow Models
PublicationModeling of water flow in variably saturated porous media, including flood dikes, is often based on the Richards equation, which neglects the flow of pore air, assuming that it remains at constant atmospheric pressure. However, there is also evidence that the air flow can be important, especially when the connectivity between the pore air and atmospheric air is lost. In such cases a full two-phase air-water flow model should be...
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Tereny polarne - interesującym obszarem do badań Cz. II - Analityka próbek abiotycznych w Arktyce
PublicationW pracy ujęto problematykę zanieczyszczeń obszarów polarnych. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na trwałe związki organiczne obecne w rejonie Arktyki w elementach przyrody nieożywionej. TZO pochodzenia antropogenicznego mogą pojawiać się na terenach polarnych za sprawą transportu na duże odległości z obszarów Euroazji i Ameryki Północnej. Badania poziomów zanieczyszczeń obecnych w próbkach abiotycznych na obszarze Arktyki stanowią fundament...
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Urządzenie do wytwarzania gazowych mieszanin wzorcowych z wykorzystaniem procesu barbotażu oraz permeacji
PublicationReference gas mixtures are classified to reference materials and are mainly used for quality monitoring and identification of impurities in atmospheric air. They can be also used for calibration of measuring devices. Nowadays, there is a need to develop a new techniques for the preparation of reference gas mixtures [1, 2]. In this paper the design and the operating principles of instrument based on the use of barbotage and permeation...
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Hoarfrost and rime chemistry in Poland - An introductory analysis from metrological perspective
PublicationW publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań poziomów stężeń składników śladowych obecnych w próbkach osadów atmosferycznych (szronu i sadzi) zebranych na terenach wyraźnie różniących się pod względem położenia geograficznego jak również poziomem antropopresji. Zbadano wpływ czynników meteorologicznych tj. rodzaj mas powietrza, typ pola barycznego na chemizm tych form mokrej depozycji. Porównano skład chemiczny różnych form osadów atmosferycznych...
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Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds
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Air quality policy in the U.S. and the EU – a review
PublicationThe high level of atmospheric pollution is a global problem that has taken on particular significance in recent years and will continue to grow in the near future. Air pollution directly affects the health, living organisms, vegetation, water, soil and buildings. Additionally, it moves easily even over long distances. Certain air pollutants influence the climate, cause negative processes in the protective ozone layer and contribute...
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Studies on intercorrelation between ions co-occurring in precipitation in the Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia Tricity (Poland)
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań próbek opadów deszczowych zebranych na terenie Trójmiasta w okresie 12 miesięcy (na 10 stacjach pobierania próbek). Wyniki oznaczeń zawartości jonów SO4-2, F-, Cl-, NO3-, PO4-3, NH4+, Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2K+ poddano analizie statystycznej. Wyniki pomiarów skorelowano z danymi dotyczącymi kierunków wiatrów i temperatury powietrza atmosferycznego.
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Urban dew formation efficiency and chemistry in Poland
PublicationThe measurements of dew formation efficiency and chemistry were performed in Poland in September 2009, as a part of a longer, two-year sampling campaign. Pairs of sites, representing centers of major Polish cities and rural conditions in three different regions, were compared. With the aim to get more detailed landuse-oriented characteristics of dew, two additional sites were set close to Wroclaw. Collection of dew at each site...
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Comparison of GPS tropospheric delays derived from two consecutive EPN reprocessing campaigns from the point of view of climate monitoring
PublicationThe main purpose of this research was to acquire information about consistency of ZTD (zenith total delay) linear trends and seasonal components between two consecutive GPS reprocessing campaigns. The analysis concerned two sets of the ZTD time series which were estimated during EUREF (Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe) EPN (Permanent Network) reprocessing campaigns according to 2008 and 2015 MUT AC (Military University...
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Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season
PublicationThe Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical composition of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in...
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Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018
PublicationLight-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols emitted by biomass or fossil fuel combustion can contribute to amplifying Arctic climate warming by lowering the albedo of snow. The Svalbard archipelago, being near to Europe and Russia, is particularly affected by these pollutants, and improved knowledge of their distribution in snow is needed to assess their impact. Here we present and synthesize new data obtained on Svalbard between 2007...
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Polymer derived SiOC/Sn nanocomposites from a low-cost single source precursor as anode materials for lithium storage applications
PublicationMetal- based materials capable of lithium (Li) alloy formation are key to realization of the next generation of high-energy density anodes for Li-ion batteries, owing to their high storage capacity. Designing a good sup- porting matrix is essential for homogeneously nesting these metallic nanodomains, to effectively utilize their high capacity while tackling the volume expansion issues. Silicon oxycarbides (SiOC), obtained via...
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Portable exhaled breath analyzer employing fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing method in resistive gas sensors
PublicationThis paper presents a portable exhaled breath analyser, developed to detect selected diseases. The set-up employs resistive gas sensors: commercial MEMS sensors and prototype gas sensors made of WO3 gas sensing layers doped with various metal ingredients. The set-up can modulate the gas sensors by applying UV light to induce physical changes of the gas sensing layers. The sensors are placed in a tiny gas chamber of a volume...
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Environmental fate of BTEX compounds in ambient air
PublicationAs a result of the industrialization and urbanization in the world, human pressure on the environment is intensifying, leading to detrimental changes in both biotic and abiotic compartments. One of the many consequences of this state of affairs is the increasing rate of emission into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds, including the so-called BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes) compounds. The article reviews...
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The Fate of BTEX Compounds in Ambient Air
PublicationAs a result of the industrialization and urbanization in the world, human pressure on the environment is intensifying, leading to detrimental changes in both biotic and abiotic compartments. One of the many consequences of this state of affairs is the increasing rate of emission into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds, including the so-called BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes) compounds. The authors review...
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Tailoring of SiOC composition as a way to better performing anodes for Li-ion batteries
PublicationPolymer derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics are investigated as potential anodes for lithiumion batteries. Different SiOC ceramics are prepared by pyrolysis (1000 °C and 1400 °C under controlled argon atmosphere) of polysiloxanes ceramic precursors. Preceramic polymers are synthesized using the sol–gel method. Phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) have been used as starting precursors and mixed with...
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Analysis of air mass back trajectories with present and historical volcanic activity and anthropogenic compounds to infer pollution sources in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)
PublicationThis work analyses atmospheric transport of natural and anthropogenic pollution to the South Shetland Islands (SSI), with particular reference to the period September 2015 – August 2017. Based on data from the Global Volcanism Program database and air mass back trajectories calculated using the HySPLIT model, it was found that it is possible that in the analysed period volcanic pollution was supplied via long-range transport from...
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Structural reliability of overhead power lines by means of Monte Carlo Method and RSM
PublicationThe article discusses the issue of reliability assessment of overhead power lines by means of both Monte Carlo Method and Response Surface Method. The suspension tower OS24 ON150+10 is considered, as the weakest element of the line. A comparison is made between deterministic and probabilistic approaches to wind and icing loading. The PDFs for wind and icing loads are proposed. Reliability is assessed for both critical atmospheric...
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TiO2 and Reducing Gas: Intricate Relationships to Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets
PublicationIn response to the imperative for sustainable iron production with reduced CO2 emissions, this study delves into the intricate role of TiO2 in the direct reduction of iron oxide pellets. The TiO2-dependent reducibility of iron oxide pellets utilizing H2 and CO gas across varied temperatures and gas compositions is thoroughly investigated. Our findings unveil the nuanced nature of the TiO2 effect, underscored by its concentration-dependent...
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Water chemistry of tundra lakes in the periglacial zone of the Bellsund Fiord (Svalbard) in the summer of 2013
PublicationClimate changes observed in the Arctic (e.g. permafrost degradation, glacier retreat) may have significant influence on sensitive polar wetlands. The main objectives of this paper are defining chemical features of water within six small arctic lakes located in Bellsund (Svalbard) in the area of continuous permafrost occurrence. The unique environmental conditions of the study area offer an opportunity to observe phenomena influencing...
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Valence and ionic lowest-lying electronic states of small esters studied by high resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption, photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
PublicationEsters are an important class of oxygenated volatile organic compounds used in food flavorings, perfumes and other cosmetic products. They are present in fruits and pheromones and are emitted to the atmosphere naturally. Esters are also formed in the atmosphere as a product of the oxidation of ethers. Some of them form poly-molecule chains and are used in plastics. Phosphoesters form DNA backbone, while nitroesters are known for...
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Novel Class of Proton Conducting Materials—High Entropy Oxides
PublicationHere, for the first time, we present data on proton conductivity of high-entropy, single-phase perovskites. The BaZr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Ce0.2O3−δ, BaZr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Y0.2O3−δ, BaZr1/7Sn1/7Ti1/7Hf1/7Ce1/7Nb1/7Y1/7O3−δ, and BaZr0.15Sn0.15Ti0.15Hf0.15Ce0.15Nb0.15Y0.10O3−δ single-phase perovskites were synthesized. Before electrical measurements, materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy...
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Zintegrowany system badań zanieczyszczenia środowiska oparty na wykorzystaniu analityki chemicznej i biotestów = Integrated system for assessment of environment quality based on chemical analysis and biotests/Integrated system for assessment of environment quality based on chemical analysis and biotests/
PublicationW ostatnich latach coraz częściej do oceny jakości środowiska wykorzystuje się tzw. narzędzia zintegrowane, czyli połączenie analiz chemicznych z mikrobiotestami. Umożliwić to ma identyfikację potencjalnych źródeł toksyczności w analizowanych próbkach. Niestety, znalezienie wyraźnych korelacji pomiędzy wynikami analiz chemicznych oraz oszacowanymi parametrami toksyczności nie jest prostym zadaniem i nastręcza wiele trudności.
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Identification of aromatic compounds in odours mixture by gas chromatography and field olfactometry techniques
PublicationThis paper shows the results of investigation on identification aromatic compounds present in odorous mixture in atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of the oil refinery LOTOS S.A., located in Gdansk, during March and April period have be presented. The studies were conducted by the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph equipped with a cryogenic modulator and coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer,...
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BTEX concentration levels in urban air in the area of the Tri-City agglomeration (Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot), Poland
PublicationThe paper presents and discusses the results of atmospheric air quality research conducted in 2012 with reference to the level of BTEX compounds in the Tri-City agglomeration—Gdansk, Gdynia, and Sopot (northern Poland). At the stage of BTEX sampling from the ambient air, Radiello® diffusive passive samplers were applied. The annual time-weighted average concentrations for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in the...
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Automatic Detection of Cloud Cover over the Baltic Sea
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Perceptions of Gender Diversity's Impact on Mood in Software Development Teams
PublicationGender inequality persists in IT teams. We examine how gender differentiation affects the workplace atmosphere and analyze the results of our study of the issue. We discuss the problem of gender discrimination and consider methods to reduce inequality
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Calculation methods of interaction of electromagnetic waves with objects of complex geometries
PublicationModeling of the electromagnetic interaction with different homogeneous or inhomo-geneous objects is a fundamental and important problem. It is relatively easy to solve Maxwellequations analytically when the scattering object is spherical or cylindrical, for example. How-ever, when it loses these properties all that is left for us is to useapproximation models, to ac-quire the solution we need. Modeling of complex, non-spherical,...