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Search results for: household expenses
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OECD Guidelines for Micro Statistics on Household Wealth
PublicationThis report reflects the contributions of members of the OECD Expert Group on Micro Statistics on Household Income, Consumption and Wealth. Members of the Expert Group included representatives from National Statistical Offices – Bob McColl (Chair, Australia); Alison Hale (Canada); Andre Bustamante and David Niculcar (Chile); Henrik Sejerbo Soerensen (Denmark); Yafit Alfandari (Israel); Shinji Yoshioka (Japan); Sinho Kim...
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Stabalization of solar-panel energy system for Pakistani household
PublicationRenewable energy resources such as Sun and wind are getting popular and easier to use day by day. It is a better method to fulfill our demands as sun is a continuous source of energy for Earth. Many countries are fulfilling their demands by Solar Panels. Solar panel is used as a converter between sunlight and electrical energy. This research paper is going to tell that how to obtain electrical energy from sunlight more efficiently...
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The concept of sewage-sludge management system for an individual household
PublicationThe individual farms at the rural areas often face problems with domestic sewage collection and treatment. In many cases building of sewerage systems and central wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) brings too high costs, due to high distances from one farm to another and terrain configuration. Treatment wetlands for individual farms can solve this problem. In the article, an overview of individual treatment wetlands in Europe and...
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Rapeseed oil methyl ester production in an individual household
PublicationFatty acid methyl esters, commonly known as biodiesel, are a cheap and environmental-friendly fuel substitute for diesel engines. Aside from industrial production, individual biodiesel manufacturing is also and important method of fulfilling the requirements of EU Parliament directive no. 2003/30/WE about supporting the use of renewable fuels in transport. Individual FAME production guarantees easy access to the main raw material...
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Sustainable energy consumption – Empirical evidence of a household in Poland
PublicationThere is an expected increase in the demand for electricity from households in European countries. The outcome of the growing proportion of renewable energy sources in the energy supply mix should result in improved customer awareness regarding their electricity usage. Additionally, they must assume a more proactive role in overseeing their electricity usage. Innovation and pollution management have become crucial catalysts for...
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Sewage gardens - constructed wetlands for single family households
PublicationDuring the last 30 years the increase of interest in low-cost decentralized and small wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is observed in Europe. For this purpose sand filters, stabilization ponds, mini reactors with activated sludge, trickling filters and treatment wetlands are used. Among the listed facilities treatment wetlands (TWs) offer effective and reliable treatment efficiency, being at the same time low-cost and simple...
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Household standards and socio-economic aspects as a factor determining energy consumption in the city
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The Characteristics of Gerontopsychological Disorders in People Living in Nursing Homes and Households
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Health impacts of indoor air pollution from household solid fuel on children and women
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Household Ability of Expenditures on Electricity and Energy Resources in the Countries That Joined the EU after 2004
PublicationThe purpose of the following article is to present the situation of the energy market from a household perspective between 2010 and 2020 in selected EU countries (the group of member states which joined EU after 2004). The selected countries when joining the EU had similar economic indicators and to some extent were similar in other macro-economic situations (personal income, unemployment rate, GDP level and annual growth). This...
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A commercial gas boiler fitted with the ORC module as perspective solution for households
PublicationIn this paper the applicability of the commercial gas boiler (De Dietrich DTG X23N) coupled with the laboratory prototype micro ORC setup was experimentally studied. The main objective was to determine the working fluid capability to obtain required temperatures of vapour prior to the turbine, attainable heat rates and efficiencies of the whole system. The boiler thermal power was 25 kW. Tests were carried out with a single stage...
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Evaluation of the Macro- and Micro-Economic Factors Affecting the Financial Energy of Households
PublicationThis paper is an evaluation of the common macro-economic, micro-economic, and social factors affecting households’ financial situations. Moreover, the author’s objective was to develop a fuzzy logic model for forecasting fluctuations in the number of nonperforming consumer loans in a country using the example of Poland. This study represents one of the first attempts in the global literature to develop such a forecasting model...
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Examining Statistical Methods in Forecasting Financial Energy of Households in Poland and Taiwan
PublicationThis paper examines the usefulness of statistical methods in forecasting the financial energy of households. The study’s objective is to create the innovative ratios that combine both financial and demographic information of households and implement them in the forecasting models. To conduct this objective, six forecasting models are developed using three different methods—discriminant analysis, logit analysis, and decision trees...
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Own or public? Later livelihoods of Ukrainian war migrant households in Poland
PublicationThis paper presents empirical research on the livelihood resources of Ukrainian households that fled to Poland due to the Russian invasion and reside there long term. Using a nationwide sample of these households and an accurate econometric framework, we investigate the factors influencing the role of income from work, other private resources and public assistance in covering their living costs in exile. Our findings confirm the...
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The usefulness of ascorbic acid degradation to analyze the effectiveness of water filtration in household water filter jugs
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Sharing housework can be healthy: cultural and psychological factors influencing men’s involvement in household maintenance
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When migrant men become more involved in household and childcare duties – the case of Polish migrants in Norway
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Ageism and loneliness in the subjective perceptions of elderly people from nursing homes and households
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Income situation of rural households in Poland between 2007 and 2014 and its effects
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Cooperation of ORC installation with a gas boiler as a perspective co-generation system for households
PublicationThis paper reports tests of an innovative micro-CHP unit prototype, consisting of a traditional gas boiler and organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which incorporates original system components such as an axial vapour microturbine, evaporator and condenser. The system co-generates heat and electricity for a single household or a group of households. Electricity is only a by-product during production of heat. While testing the prototype,...
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Household and community systems for groundwater remediation in Bihar, India: Arsenic and inorganic contaminant removal, controls and implications for remediation selection
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Equivalence scales for continuous distributions of expenditure
PublicationResearch background: In the actual sizable populations of households, the standard microeconomic concept of equivalence scales is intractable since its necessary condition of equality of household welfare levels is unlikely to be fulfilled. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to develop a concept of an equivalence scale, which can be suitable for continuous distributions of expenditures in the population. Methods: Using household...
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Assessing Food Insecurity and Its Drivers among Smallholder Farming Households in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria: The HFIAS Approach
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Stochastic equivalence scales in log-normal distributions of expenditures
PublicationIn the paper, the properties of the stochastic equivalence scales (SES) are analysed when expenditure distributions are log-normal. The SES provides the equivalent distribution of expenditures when the population of households is heterogeneous with respect to such attributes as household size, demographic cpmposition, etc. For log-normal expenditure distributions, the non-parametric SES deflators are proportional to the ration...
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Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house dust and hair samples from Northern Poland; an assessment of human exposure
PublicationPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among most ubiquitous compounds to be found in indoor environment and ingestion of household dust is considered an important route of exposure to PBDEs, especially in toddlers and young children. The present work reported concentration levels of PBDE congeners (PBDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and -209) in hair and dust samples from selected households from Northern Poland. The...
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Consumer Bankruptcy Prediction Using Balanced and Imbalanced Data
PublicationThis paper examines the usefulness of logit regression in forecasting the consumer bankruptcy of households using an imbalanced dataset. The research on consumer bankruptcy prediction is of paramount importance as it aims to build statistical models that can identify consumers in a difficult financial situation that may lead to consumer bankruptcy. In the face of the current global pandemic crisis, the future of household finances...
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Estimating inequality aversion from subjective assessments of the just noticeable differences in welfare
PublicationResearch background: In Economics, the concept of inequality aversion corresponds with the concept of risk aversion in the literature on making decision under uncertainty. The risk aversion is estimated on the basis of subjective reactions of people to various lottery prospects. In Economics, however, an efficient method of estimating inequality aversion has not been developed yet. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this paper...
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ZRÓŻNICOWANIE KORZYŚCI EKONOMICZNYCH Z ZAANGAŻOWANIA CZYNNIKA PRACY
PublicationZróżnicowane ujęcie znaczenia pracy stwarza możliwości szerokiego spojrzenia na korzyści jakie daje jej posiadanie, wykorzystanie. Korzyści indywidualne mogą wynikać z osiągania przez pracobiorców dochodów z tytułu świadczenia pracy, zaspakajania swoich potrzeb i możliwości samorealizacji czy rozwoju. Natomiast zaangażowanie zasobów pracy przez przedsiębiorstwa może generować zyski i sprzyjać ich dalszemu rozwojowi. Praca wykorzystana...
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Investor confidence and high financial literacy jointly shape investments in risky assets
PublicationHouseholds consistently invest less in equities and bonds than predicted by economic theory. We explain this from a behavioral economics perspective and distributional analysis using rich US survey microdata. We find that higher investor self-confidence in her financial abilities and financial literacy jointly increase the probability of investing in equities. Conditional on participation, confidence in the macroeconomy additionally...
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Investor confidence and high financial literacy jointly shape investments in risky assets
PublicationHouseholds consistently invest less in equities and bonds than predicted by economic theory. We explain this from a behavioral economics perspective and distributional analysis using rich US survey microdata. We find that higher investor self-confidence in her financial abilities and financial literacy jointly increase the probability of investing in equities. Conditional on participation, confidence in the macroeconomy additionally...
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Microgrid Energy Management System
PublicationIn the era of rapid development of "green energy” and storage devices, microgrids implemented in line with the concept of distributed generation can be an effective form of power management. There is a need for an efficient, optimal and reliable control of the combined infrastructure. The article presents a flexible, configurable microgrid's resources control system, which executes the task of meeting the electricity demand of...
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Multi-factor fuzzy sets decision system forecasting consumer insolvency risk
PublicationThe objective of this study is to develop a multi-factor decision system predicting insolvency risk for natural persons with the use of fuzzy sets. Considering that the financial situation of households is affected by various endogenous and exogenous factors, the main assumption of this study is that the system for predicting financial difficulties should not be limited to the use of only a few financial variables concerning consumers,...
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The rigid and flexible road pavements in terms of life cycle costs
PublicationThe cost of road pavement construction, its durability and reliability depends on many factors, including: the scope and detail of the technical design, quality of work but also the scope of works related to its maintenance, conservation and operation. Determining the amount of rational expenses, in terms of the life cycle cost of the pavement, requires determination and consideration of the above issues, already at the planning...
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Ekonometryczna analiza konsumpcji w Polsce w latach 1995-2018- statyczne modele wydatków konsumpcyjnych w wartościach nominalnych
PublicationW artykule przeprowadzono badania makroekonomicznych związków pomiędzy konsumpcją globalną (C) a produktem krajowym brutto (PKB). W części teoretycznej artykułu: • zdefiniowano postacie analityczne przyczynowo-skutkowych makromodeli konsumpcji, • sformułowano interpretację mierników opisujących badane zależności, • sformułowano założenia stochastyczne dla rozważanych makromodeli konsumpcji, W części empirycznej artykułu:...
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Utilization of rapeseed pellet from fatty acid methyl esters production as an energy source
PublicationRapeseed pellet – crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a by-product of fatty acid methyl esters production process. As other types of biomass, it can either be burned directly in furnaces or processed to increase its energetic value. Biomass is renewable, abundant and has domestic usage; the sources of biomass can help the world reduce its dependence on petroleum products, fossil coal and natural gas. Energetically effective...
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Reclaiming ground tire rubber at low temperatures: benefits and limitations
PublicationLower extrusion temperatures during rubber reclamation lead to a reduction in toxic degradation products and improve the mechanical properties of vulcanizates, at the expense of reduced processability.
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Selection of AHI + SC Hybrid Storage Based on Mathematical Models and Load Variation Characteristics
PublicationThe article deals with the design of a hybrid storage consisting of Aqueous Hybrid Ion battery (AHI) and supercapacitor (SC) modules. The selection of components is based on the knowledge of the load profile of the storage and the AHI battery and supercapacitor models. The paper presents the method of selecting components of the storage made of AHI batteries and supercapacitor modules The article includes an example of the hybrid...
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Pluralist View on Inequality from Luxemburg Income Study (LIS)
PublicationThe authors start by reviewing the history of the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), originating from an interdisciplinary project involving economists, sociologists, and political scientists, centered on the cross-country perspective in inequality analysis. They then conduct a meta-analysis of the papers produced by scholars who have taken advantage of the data availability, showing how the theme of income/wealth inequality has been...
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Ukrainian Market of Electrical Energy: Reforming, Financing, Innovative Investment, Efficiency Analysis, and Audit
PublicationThe aim of this research is to determine the influence of electrical energy market regulation reform in Ukraine on the competitive environment, the reproduction processes of financial and innovative support, and the energy efficiency of the national economy. The authors have put forward and verified the hypothesis that, under conditions of institutional maturity of the Ukrainian electrical energy market, its liberalization and...
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RAPESEED PELLET - A BYPRODUCT OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION - AS AN EXCELLENT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
PublicationVegetable oils are renewable feedstock currently being used for production of biofuels from sustainable biomass resources. The existing technology for producing diesel fuel from plant oils, such as rapeseed, soybean, canola and palm oil are largely centered on transesterification of oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel. Rapeseed pellet - crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a byproduct...
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Proces zmiany sprzedawcy energii elektrycznej w Polsce dla odbiorcy w gospodarstwie domowym
PublicationW publikacji przedstawiono proces zmiany sprzedawcy energii elektrycznej dla odbiorcy w gospodarstwie domowym, prowadzony w detalicznym segmencie rynku energii. Szczególny nacisk położono na proces bazujący na generalnej umowie dystrybucji dla usługi kompleksowej. Odniesiono się do wszystkich, istotnych regulacji mających zastosowanie do poruszanych kwestii, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zapisów instrukcji ruchu i eksploatacji...
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Preliminary typology and contextual analysis of Roman and late antique cooking wares from the Roman rural settlement at Podšilo bay on the island of Rab (north–eastern Adriatic, Croatia)
PublicationThe paper presents a preliminary typology of coarse cooking ware from the Roman/late antique layers of the rural settlement at Podšilo bay on the island of Rab. The vessels have been associated with several basic shapes and divided by types, while fabrics have been described macroscopically. Analogies and a contextual analysis were used to propose dating and to assess provenience for well-known ware classes or to define areas...
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Implementing artificial intelligence in forecasting the risk of personal bankruptcies in Poland and Taiwan
PublicationResearch background: The global financial crisis from 2007 to 2012, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the current war in Ukraine have dramatically increased the risk of consumer bankruptcies worldwide. All three crises negatively impact the financial situation of households due to increased interest rates, inflation rates, volatile exchange rates, and other significant macroeconomic factors. Financial difficulties may arise when the...
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The Concept of a Methodology for Selecting the Optimal Parameters of Heat Received from a Nuclear Power Plant Operating in a Partial Cogeneration Mode
PublicationThe paper presents the concept of the objective function which is to allow the selection of optimal parameters of the district heating system using a nuclear power plant operating in partial cogeneration mode. The concept is based on research carried out a number of years ago. The size of annual expenses was proposed as the objective function, which allows to compare the operation of a nuclear power plant in partial cogeneration...
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Methods of estimating the cost of traffic safety equipment’s life cycle
Publicationn the article, the authors discuss the preliminary information necessary to determine the scope and direction of further research conducted within the project called “The influence of time and operating conditions on the durability and functionality of road safety elements”. The main objective of the project is to develop the concept of a method for optimizing the life cycle costs of road safety devices. The authors draw attention...
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Metrisability of managing of stream-systemic processes
PublicationTo achieve the planned goal, in order to properly describe the manufacturing system management, six process stream functions were introduced. Non-dimensional flows of these functions in time can be empirically defined during the manufacturing process. They are interpreted as non-dimensional expenses. Maximum values for these functions in properly-managed processes equal one. Also, a global management function was introduced, being...
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Low voltage photovoltaic power system
PublicationThe use of photovoltaics is growing rapidly in the industry as well as households. Therefore, educating the public will help them understand solar cell technology, which is becoming more common in everyday life. This paper proposes a demonstrational set-up of photovoltaic panel for the purpose of science education. It was used in numerous outreach activities such as science fairs. Moreover, it proved to be a great tool for education...
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Digital technologies and women's empowerment – casting the bridges
PublicationThis work briefly discusses the nexuses between digital technology development and adoption across societies, and its potential impact on overall welfare through women’s economic empowerment. In the first section it sets out the context and background. Next, Section 2 demonstrates the state of access to and the use of digital technologies across the world. Section 3 intends to trace the causal links and channels of digital technologies'...
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Photovoltaic demonstration set up
PublicationThe use of photovoltaics is growing rapidly in the industry as well as households. Therefore, educating the public will help them understand solar cell technology, which is becoming more common in everyday life. This paper proposes a demonstrational set-up of photovoltaic panel for the purpose of science education. It was used in numerous outreach activities such as science fairs. Moreover, it proved to be a great tool for education...
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Model obliczania kosztu cyklu życia obiektu na przykładzie budynku mieszkalnego jednorodzinnego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono model obliczania kosztu cyklu życia budynku mieszkalnego jednorodzinnego oraz wskazano możliwości ograniczenia wydatków związanych z jego użytkowaniem w okresie trzydziestu lat. Celem prezentowanej analizy rachunku kosztu cyklu życia jest porównanie i ocena kosztów nabycia i użytkowania domu realizowanego według alternatywnych technologii z uwzględnieniem przyjętych rozwiązań w zakresie pozyskania energii,...