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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LOW TEMPERATURE SUPPLY
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Energy consumption estimation of low-power devices using an integrating coulombmeter
PublikacjaThe main problem in designing devices powered with Energy Harvesting is an estimation of energy demand of low-power devices as well as quantity of energy provided by the selected energy transducer in the assumed work conditions. Due to the work characteristic of each block of the device and properties of the measured signal, measurement is not trivial. The paper presents the proposal of the micro-charge measurement device based...
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Evaluation of Temperature Influence on Electrochemical Processes Occurring in a Lithium-Ion Supercapacitor with the Use of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
PublikacjaIn order to obtain the full impedance characteristics of a lithium-ion capacitor as a function of temperature, the authors proposed the use of dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Impedance tests were carried out under wide range of dynamic temperature changes for lithium-ion supercapacitors. Significant differences in electrochemical processes were observed as a result of working temperature. Moreover, the quality of...
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CaO-based high temperature CO2 sorbents – Literature review
PublikacjaThe use of CaO-based adsorbents has a high potential to capture CO2 from various systems due to its high reactivity with CO2, high capacity, and low cost of naturally derived CaO. The application of CaO-based sorbents to remove carbon dioxide is based on a reversible reaction between CaO and CO2. However, multiple carbonation/calcination cycles lead to a rapid reduction in the sorption capacity of natural CaO, and therefore efforts...
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Capillary Electrophoresis in Determination of Low Molecular Mass Organic Acids
PublikacjaThis paper presents overviews the capabilities of capillary electrophoretic techniques to determine low molecular mass organic acids in a variety of aqueous, gas and solid samples. It mainly focuses on short - chain carboxylic acids containing one or more carboxylic groups and possibly some other functional groups (hydroxyl, keto-, amino- etc.). Finally the procedures applied to the determine the acids in different matrices are...
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Biophotonic low-coherence sensors with boron-doped diamond thin layer
PublikacjaLow-coherence sensors using Fabry-Perot interferometers are finding new applications in biophotonic sensing, especially due to the rapid technological advances in the development of new materials. In this paper we discuss the possibility of using boron-doped nanodiamond layers to protect mirror in a Fabry-Perot interferometer. A low-coherence sensor using Fabry-Perot interferometer with a boron-doped nanodiamond (B-NCD) thin protective...
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Noise measurements on low noise pavements - problems with inhomogeneity of wearing course
PublikacjaDuring the last several years, when performing numerous CPX noise measurements on low noise pavements,significant inhomogeneity of the wearing course was observed in numerous cases. Similar problems were almost not existing regarding to the dense pavements.In general three main reasons of inhomogeneity can be defined. The first one are imperfections in technology of production of a asphalt mix or/and errors made already during...
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Low and high energy explosive materials used in shale gas recovery
PublikacjaNowadays the explosives are widely used in many areas of life, including industry and mining. A wide range of explosive materials is used in the petroleum industry - from low to high explosives. Recently, as the unconventional oil and gas production became possible, explosives are also found to be used in perforators during the pre-completion stage of the fracturing process. This paper presents literature on theoretical and practical...
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DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS OF QUICKLY CHANGING TEMPERATURE OF EXHAUST GAS FROM MARINE DIESEL ENGINE PART I SINGLE FACTOR ANALYSIS
PublikacjaIn this paper, attention was paid to the problem of low controllability of marine medium- and high-speed engines during operation, which significantly limits the parametric diagnosis. The measurement of quickly changing temperature of engine exhaust gas was proposed, the courses of which can be a source of diagnostic information. The F statistic of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution was chosen as a statistical tool. Laboratory tests...
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QUASI-DISTRIBUTED NETWORK OF LOW-COHERENCE FIBER-OPTIC FABRY-PÉROT SENSORS WITH CAVITY LENGTH-BASED ADDRESSING
PublikacjaDistributed measurement often relies on sensor networks. In this paper, we present the construction of low coherent fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensors connected into a quasi-distributed network. We discuss the mechanism of spectrum modulation in this type of sensor and the constraints of assembly of such sensors in the network. Particular attention was paid to separate the signals from individual sensors, which can be achieved by...
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Low energy electron attachment to platinum(II) bromide (PtBr2)
PublikacjatDissociative electron attachment to PtBr2in the gas phase was studied in the low electron energy rangefrom zero up to 10 eV with an energy resolution of 150 meV. The experiments were carried out using ahemispherical electron monochromator coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer and pulse count-ing acquisition system. The only anion observed was Br−. This ion is formed at three resonance electronenergies: 0.4 eV, 1.2 eV and...
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Automatic Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements using Low-Pass Filters
PublikacjaPrototype measurements belong to key steps in the development of antenna structures. They are normally performed in expensive facilities, such as anechoic chambers (ACs). Alternatively, antenna performance can be extracted (at a low cost) in non-anechoic conditions upon appropriate post-processing. Unfortunately, existing correction algorithms are difficult to set up and prone to failure, which limits their practical usefulness....
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Fabrication, Microstructure and High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Porous Alloys for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
PublikacjaPorous alloys find use in modern Solid Oxide Fuel Cells as the supporting structures. As they are exposed to high temperatures (> 500°C) an oxide scale forms on their surface due to high temperature corrosion phenomena. Since the ratio between the surface area and volume is much higher than for planar samples, formation of the oxide can lead to a breakaway oxidation after relatively short times. Therefore corrosion properties of...
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Temperature measurement using NIR camera with automatic adjustment of integration time for monitoring high-temperature industrial processes
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The Influence of Drying Temperature on Color Change of Hornbeam and Maple Wood Used as Surface and Inner Layers of Wood Composites
PublikacjaThe thermal treatment of wood changes its structure due to the degradation of wood polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), so the physical properties of wood are either improved or degraded. Color changes apply not only to natural wood, but also to such wood composites for which some amount of glue is used in their construction (e.g., plywood, blockboard or laminboard). This article is focused on the analysis of hornbeam...
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Electron ionization and low energy electron attachment to molecules of biological interest
PublikacjaEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS) were investigated by electron impact ionization and low energy electron attachment. Both compounds are components of biological buffers and often are used as DNA stabilizers in irradiation studies. hus it is of a great importance to understand their potential interactions with radiation. Our results revealed that at least one of them, EDTA, may...
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Electron ionization and low energy electron attachment to molecules of biological interest
PublikacjaEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS) were investigated by electron impact ionization and low energy electron attachment. Both compounds are components of biological buffers and often are used as DNA stabilizers in irradiation studies. hus it is of a great importance to understand their potential interactions with radiation. Our results revealed that at least one of them, EDTA, may...
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Study of Soil Temperature and Moisture Changes in a Physical Model of an Underground Cable Line
PublikacjaThe ampacity of power cables is highly dependent on the thermal resistivity of the soil in which they are laid. The lower it is, the higher this ampacity. The thermal resistivity of the soil decreases as its moisture increases. Therefore, it is preferable that the soil around the cables has high moisture. Unfortunately, the heat generated in heavily loaded cables causes the migration of moisture from the surrounding soil, which...
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Dynamic mass measurement in checkweighers using a discrete time-variant low-pass filter
PublikacjaConveyor belt type checkweighers are complex mechanical systems consisting of a weighing sensor (strain gauge load cell, electrodynamically compensated load cell), packages (of different shapes, made of different materials) and a transport system (motors, gears, rollers). Disturbances generated by the vibrating parts of such a system are reflected in the signal power spectra in a form of strong spectral peaks, located usually in...
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Measurement of complex refractive index of human blood by low-coherence interferometry
PublikacjaIn this article, the usefulness of the optical technique for measurements of blood complex refractive index has been examined. Measurement of optical properties of human blood is difficult to perform because of its nonuniform nature. However, results of my investigation have shown the usefulness of low-coherencei nterferometry for measurement complex refractive index of human blood. Furthermore, mathematical analysis of spectrum...
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The use of thermal imaging camera to estimate velocity profiles based on temperature distribution in a free convection boundary layer
PublikacjaThis work describes an attempt to assess whether the temperature field from a thermal imaging camera can be converted into a velocity field with an accuracy sufficient for qualitative conducting or describing the phenomenon, i.e. when the Navier-Stokes, Fourier-Kirchhoff and continuity equations are mutually coupled. The consequence of this link between temperature fields and velocity is the possibility to formulate the hypothesis...
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EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF TURBOCHARGED MARINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES PART II DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS
PublikacjaThe second part of the article describes the technology of marine engine diagnostics making use of dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. Little-known achievements of Prof. S. Rutkowski of the Naval College in Gdynia (now: Polish Naval Academy) in this area are presented. A novel approach is proposed which consists in the use of the measured exhaust gas temperature dynamics for qualitative and quantitative assessment...
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Mechanism of Reduced Sintering Temperature of Al2O3–ZrO2 Nanocomposites Obtained by Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis
PublikacjaA novel method to obtain Al2O3–ZrO2 nanocomposites is presented. It consists of the co-precipitation step of boehmite (AlO(OH)) and ZrO2, followed by microwave hydrothermal treatment at 270 ◦ C and 60 MPa, and by calcination at 600 ◦ C. Using this method, we obtained two nanocomposites: Al2O3–20 wt % ZrO2 and Al2O3–40 wt % ZrO2. Nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy,...
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3D PCB package for GaN inverter leg with low EMC feature
PublikacjaThis paper presents the adaptation of a 3D integration concept previously used with vertical devices to lateral GaN devices. This 3D integration allows to reduce loop inductance, to ensure more symmetrical design with especially limited Common Mode emission, thanks to a low middle point stray capacitance. This reduction has been achieved by both working on the power layout and including a specific shield between the devices and...
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High-Temperature Tensile Behaviour of GTAW Joints of P92 Steel and Alloy 617 for Two Different Fillers
PublikacjaThis study explores the high-temperature (HT) tensile rupture characteristics of a dissimilar gas-tungsten-arc-welded (GTAW) joint between P92 steel and Alloy 617, fabricated using ER62SB9 and ERNiCrCoMo-1 fillers. The high-temperature tensile tests were performed at elevated temperatures of 550 ◦C and 650 ◦C. An optical microscope (OM) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were utilized to characterize the...
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Potential reduction of traffic noise by the means of increased fleet of electric vehicles using a combination of low-noise tyres and low-noise road surfaces
PublikacjaIn the future, the number of zero-emission vehicles like electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (in electric mode) is expected to be a substantial part of the vehicle fleet. In Norway, such vehicles already account for approximately 20 % of all new cars sold. Since these vehicles emit negligible noise related to the power-train, the tyre/road noise is the dominating noise source. In the LEO project, tyres designed for such cars have...
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Issues Related to Power Supply Reliability in Integrated Electronic Security Systems Operated in Buildings and Vast Areas
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The Reliability and Exploitation Analysis Method of the ICT System Power Supply with the Use of Modelling Based on Rough Sets
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Space Mission Risk, Sustainability and Supply Chain: Review, Multi-Objective Optimization Model and Practical Approach
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Design analysis of Tesla micro-turbine operating on a low-boiling medium
PublikacjaThis paper presents results of the design analysis of a Tesla bladeless turbine intended for a co-generating micro-power plantof heat capacity 20 kW, which operates in an organic Rankine cycle on a low-boiling medium. Numerical calculations of flowin several Tesla turbine models were performed for a range of design parameters. Results of investigations exhibit interestingfeatures in the distribution of flow parameters within the...
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PROCESSING, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublikacjaThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, for the efficient application of recycled materials it is crucial to analyze their performance. Therefore, in presented paper we investigated the processing (melt flow index),...
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TRAVELLING WAVES FOR LOW–GRADE GLIOMA GROWTH AND RESPONSE TO A CHEMOTHERAPY MODEL
PublikacjaLow-grade gliomas (LGGs) are primary brain tumours which evolve very slowly in time, but inevitably cause patient death. In this paper, we consider a PDE version of the previously proposed ODE model that describes the changes in the densities of functionally alive LGGs cells and cells that are irreversibly damaged by chemotherapy treatment. Besides the basic mathematical properties of the model, we study the possibility of the...
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On the tendency of temperature and electric field dependences of interface recombination in P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublikacjaWe demonstrate theoretical explanation of the temperature and electric field dependences of recombination coefficients in an organic P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell. Based onthe model of interface recombination, two analytical formulas describing the relative ratio of the interface (γI ) to the Langevin (γL) recombination coefficients have been derived. Our analysis indicates that the sign of parameters φT and φF determines...
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Research on the effect of low-sulphur marine fuels on the dynamic characteristics of a CI engine
PublikacjaThe implementation of low-sulphur, so-called modified marine fuels into operation requires prior labora- tory engine tests to assess the energy, emission and structural effects of their usage. This type of research are carried out on the test bed of a diesel engine as a small-scale physical model that reproduces the adequate design and process (parametric) features of a full-size marine engine. Their key stage is to determine the energy...
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The effects of offshoring to low-wage countries on domestic wages: a worldwide industrial analysis
PublikacjaThis paper extends the literature on the implications of offshoring for labour markets by investigating its effect on the wages of different skill groups in a broad global context. The analysis draws on input–output data from the WIOD project, and in the panel analysed (13 manufacturing industries, 40 countries, 1995–2009) we account for up to 96 % of the international trade in manufacturing inputs. Being particularly interested...
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High temperature monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transition in magnesium doped lanthanum ortho-niobate
PublikacjaMagnesium doped lanthanum ortho-niobate (La0.98Mg0.02NbO4) was prepared by the molten salt synthesis method. X-ray diffraction and dilatometry methods were used to study high temperature behavior of the ceramic material. Special attention was paid to the phase transition between the monoclinic and tetragonal phases. The values of spontaneous strain on the basis of unit cell parameter, obtained by Rietveld refinement, have been...
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A low complexity double-talk detector based on the signal envelope
PublikacjaA new algorithm for double-talk detection, intended for use in the acoustic echo canceller for voice communication applications, is proposed. The communication system developed by the authors required the use of a double-talk detection algorithm with low complexity and good accuracy. The authors propose an approach to doubletalk detection based on the signal envelopes. For each of three signals: the far-end speech, the microphone...
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Interaction of low energy electrons with formic acid monomer, dimer and trimer
PublikacjaConfigurations of the formic acid monomer, dimer and trimer are presented. We have calculated the total energies for these structures. We have considered also the negatively charged clusters and discussed the possible pathways of interaction of low energy electrons with monomers and clusters. Calculations have been executed using 6-311G** and 6-311++G** basis sets. The electron affinities of monomer and clusters are presented....
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Chemical analysis of low carbon content coals and their applications as dye adsorbent
PublikacjaCoal is primarily a fuel material but lately it has been utilized as an adsorbent for removing toxic metal ions. However, its usage for removing organic pollutants is not well studied. We report here a systematic study on the use of coal samples of varying carbon contents as adsorbents for removing Basic Blue 41 as a model cationic dye. The coal samples were collected from coal mines and were thoroughly characterized. The concentrations...
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The hydration of selected biologically relevant molecules – the temperature effect on apparent molar volume and compression
PublikacjaThe densities and sound velocities at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K were measured for aqueous solutions of glycine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, taurine and N-methylacetamide. From these data, the apparent molar volumes, V the apparent molar isentropic compressions, KS,, and the Passynski hydration numbers of solutes were determined. The concentration dependencies of the calculated quantities, their limiting values...
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Diagnostic tolerances' evaluation method of the start-up exhaust temperature of a naval gas turbine
PublikacjaThe conducted investigations aimed to elaborate the method of marking diagnostic tolerances of the exhaust temperature of a gas turbine observed during engine's start-up process. The diagnostic tolerances were determined by means of statistical inference by creating the hypothesis about a normal distribution of the start-up exhaust temperature's dispersion in the initial operation moment, which was subsequently verified applying...
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Jamming and jamming mitigation for selected 5G military scenarios
PublikacjaThis paper presents jamming and jamming mitigation techniques, which can be used in relation to emerging military systems based on fifth-generation (5G) technology. Nowadays, 5G technology provides incremental improvements over Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks resulting in the enhancement of civilian communications. Considering enormous possible applications of this new technology, it is feasible to use them in military utilities....
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Measurement of temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity of alumina and titania thermal oil nanofluids
PublikacjaThe results of simultaneous measurements of dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH of two nanofluids, i.e. thermal oil/Al2O3 and thermal oil/TiO2 are presented. Thermal oil was selected as a base liquid because of possible application in ORC systems as an intermediate heating agent. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.1%, 1% and 5% by weight within temperature range from 20°C to...
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Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process
PublikacjaIn this paper, the miniaturized electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. The size reduction was obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material commonly used in low-cost 3D printing. The influence of 3D printing process imperfections on the ESPAR antenna design is investigated and a simple yet effective method to compensate them has been proposed....
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Low-Profile ESPAR Antenna for RSS-Based DoA Estimation in IoT Applications
PublikacjaIn this paper, we have introduced a low-profile electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna that can successfully be used to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DoA) of incoming signals in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, in which the height of the complete antenna has to be low. The proposed antenna is over three times lower than high-profile ESPAR antenna designs currently available in the literature...
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High precision and accuracy using low cost GNSS receivers and supporting technologies
PublikacjaThis chapter focuses on methods and techniques of positioning, based on the highly accurate and precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which are available at a relatively low price. In this context, a comparison of different positioning methods provided by the free and open source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB is given. Other aspects related to price reduction are also considered, including availability and...
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Interfacial adhesion evaluation in (low-density polyethylene)/elastomer blends
PublikacjaLow-density polyethylene (LDPE) with different elastomers at a ratio of 50/50 wt% blends was prepared by using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Three kinds of elastomers were used: ground tire rubber (GTR), partially crosslinked butyl rubber (KalarVR ), and styrenebutadiene- rubber block copolymer (SBS; KratonVR ). For better characterization of interaction between polyethylene and elastomer, influence of the type of elastomer on...
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On low-fidelity models for variable-fidelity simulation-driven design optimization of compact wideband antennas
PublikacjaThe paper addresses simulation-driven design optimization of compact antennas involving variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Comprehensive investigations are carried out concerning selection of the coarse model discretization density. The effects of the low-fidelity model setup on the reliability and computational complexity of the optimization process are determined using a benchmark set of three ultra-wideband...
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MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ALUMINA AND TITANIA THERMAL OIL NANOFLUIDS
PublikacjaIn this study results of simultaneous measurements of dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH of two nanofluids, i.e. thermal oil/Al2O3 and thermal oil/TiO2 are presented. Thermal oil is selected as a base liquid because of possible application in ORC systems as an intermediate heating agent. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.1%, 1% and 5% by weight within temperature range from...
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Low-Cost Flight Simulator with Possibility of Modeling of Flight Controls Failures
PublikacjaThe goal of this paper is to present a development of a low cost flight simulator, that allows to simulate flight controls failures. Cessna 172 has been chosen as an example of a general aviation aircraft and the flight model has been implemented in Simulink. The model allows for easy integration of an experimental autopilot, using various strategies. Aerodynamic coefficients have been calculated using software called DATCOM. Such...
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СИЛОВОЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ С АКТИВНЫМ ПОДАВЛЕНИЕМ ВЫСШИХ ГАРМОНИК ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ (Power converter with active suppression of higher harmonics for aircraft power supply systems)
PublikacjaПредставлены два алгоритма активной фильтрации для силового преобразователя с активным подавлением высших гармоник. Первый алгоритм основан на дискретном преобразовании Фурье: посредством синтезированной системы управления инвертированные измеренные высшие гармоники напряжения поступают на вход инвертора. Второй метод управления основан на алгоритме с использованием принципов самообучения, что значительно снижает потребность в...