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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: emission rate
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The influence of settable parameters of switching gasoline/LPG on exhaust toxic emissions
PublikacjaThe main objective of the studies shown in the paper was to develop a proper strategy for settable parameters of ECU to decrease total emission of toxic components in composition of exhaust during a cold start phase. The experimental research has been performed for engine running at idle and for engine running on the chassis dynamometer (performing European Driving Test NEDC).
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The absorption and fluorescence spectra of C-1305 derivatives (IKE1-IKE8), potential antifungal agents
Dane BadawczeOptical measurements of C-1305 derivatives (IKE1-IKE8). The absorption spectra were recorded at 300 - 800 nm for solutions with 16 μg / mL derivative concentration. The fluorescence emission spectra were determined at 420-800 nm with the excitation wavelengths 360 or 415 nm for solutions with 1 μg / mL derivative concentration. All measurements were...
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Determination of total mercury in raw petrol using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry
PublikacjaPresence of different forms of mercury in petroleum based products may impair the proper operation of the equipment or led to poisoning of automotive catalysts. However much more important problem is environmental pollution with mercury emitted from different types of fossil fuels. Although the average mercury concentration in petroleum based products (automotive fuels) is on the level around 1 ppb, taking into account annual...
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Evaluation of the potential of Microwave Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry for trace elements leaching assessment from the concrete matrix with sewage sludge ash additives
PublikacjaThe management of ash generated during the thermal utilization of sewage sludge is a significant environmental problem requiring an effective technological solution. One alternative way to dispose of sewage sludge is to bind it in concrete as a substitute for part of the aggregate. The properties of the C-S-H phase enable effective immobilization of harmful substances that sewage sludge contains. The amount of individual compounds...
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Novel analytical approach for real-time monitoring of volatile Maillard reaction products emitted from the sugar-amino acid model system using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
PublikacjaIn the presented research, volatile Maillard reaction products formation in the two sugar-amino acid model systems, namely glucoselysine and ribose-lysine model systems were investigated using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Obtained data were supported by the reference method, i.e., UV/Vis spectrometry. A number of volatile organic compounds were selected based on the correlation of the effect of Maillard reaction...
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Investigation of Narrow Transverse and Longitudinal Electrostatic Precipitators
PublikacjaDiesel engines emit fine particles, which are harmful to human and animal health. There are several methods for decrease particulate emission from a diesel engines, but up to now, these methods are not enough effective or very expensive. An electrostatic precipitation was proposed as an alternative method for control of a diesel particulate emission. Therefore, narrow electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have become a subject of...
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The conception of energetic investigations of the multisymptom fatigue of the simple mechanical systems' constructional materials
PublikacjaThe article presents the basic assumptions of the research project aimed, as the main scientific purpose, an identification of the slow-changeable energy processes surrounding the high-cycle fatigue of constructional materials within the plain mechanical system, especially the marine one, for diagnostic purposes. There is foreseen an application of alternative diagnostic methods based on energetic observations of the multi-symptom,...
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Luminescence recognition material as an INHIBIT logic gate in presence of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous solutions
PublikacjaA recognition material consisting of silica xerogel with amino-modified surface selectively recognizes Pb2+ and Cu2+ (but only in presence of Pb2+ ions) in aqueous solutions of other metal ions. The analytical action of the material is based on a significant change in luminescence emission spectra of the material after chemisorption of Pb2+ ions. In the presence of Pb2+ in octahedral coordination environment, a new broad and strong...
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ENERGY EFFICIENT SMALL INLAND PASSENGER SHUTTLE FERRY WITH HYBRID PROPULSION - CONCEPT DESIGN, CALCULATIONS AND MODEL TESTS
PublikacjaIn recent years, there has been a significant development in “green” and energy efficient propulsion systems, which fits into the general trend of environmentally friendly “green shipping”. The pursued goal is to construct a safe passenger ship that is low in energy demand and equipped with a highly energy efficient, emission-free propulsion system. The paper presents main problems encountered by designers of a small, hybrid-powered...
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A novel luminescent chemical sensor for the determination of Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ions
PublikacjaSilica xerogel surface grafted with aminopropyl (PrNH2) groups was additionally treated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant and ascorbic acid (asc) in alkaline solution. This material symbolized as SiO2-PrNH2-CTAB/asc, proved to be a stable luminescent material, exhibited an emission band peaked at 393 nm under excitation wavelength 335 nm. Time evolution of the band intensity suggests changes of defect concentration...
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Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media
PublikacjaOrganic aggregates currently play a prominent role, mainly for their unique optoelectronic properties in the aggregated state. Such properties can be related to the aggregates’ structure and the molecular packing mode. In the literature, we have well-established models of H and J aggregates defined based on the molecular exciton model. However, unconventional aggregates, the most unrecognized forms, have been generating interest...
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Characteristics of volatile organic compounds emission profiles from hot road bitumens
PublikacjaA procedure for the investigation and comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission profiles to the atmosphere from road bitumens with various degrees of oxidation is proposed. The procedure makes use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with universal as well as selective detection, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The studies revealed that so-called vacuum residue, which is the main component...
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Determination of metals in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry
PublikacjaMetal species in environmental waters are relevant to characterize the metal toxicity, the mobility between different environmental compartments, and for remediation purposes in case of contamination. The concentration of many trace metals in natural water samples are generally at µg/l level. The paper describes determination of metals in water samples based on flame atomic emission and flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Detection of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals with BPSK Modulation
PublikacjaThis paper presents a method of the DS CDMA signals with BPSK modulation detection through the examination of the enhanced signal spectrum density. On the base of experiments carried out on the real radio communication signals the impact of a narrowband emission occurring in the examined frequency band on the detection process effectiveness was shown. The results of the experiment aimed at the detection of the satellite navigation...
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Soft X-ray Induced Production of Neutral Fragments in High-Rydberg States at the O 1s Ionization Threshold of the Water Molecule
PublikacjaDissociation of water molecules after soft X-ray absorption can yield neutral fragments in high-Rydberg (HR) states. We have studied the production of such fragments by field ionization and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. Neutral HR fragments are created at all resonances below the O 1s ionization potential (IP) and particularly within 1 eV above the O 1s IP. The latter effect is due to the recapture of the O 1s photoelectrons...
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Numerical methodology for evaluation the combustion and emissions characteristics on WLTP in the light duty dual-fuel diesel vehicle
PublikacjaThe worldwide aim of reducing environmental impact from internal combustion engines bring more and more stringent emission regulations. In 2017 by EU has been adopted new harmonized test procedure called WLTP. In general terms this test was designed for determining the levels of harmful emissions and fuel consumption of traditional and hybrid cars. This procedure contains specific driving scenarios which representing reallife driving...
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Numerical analysis of CO2-water separation in a horizontal double T-junction
PublikacjaCarbon dioxide is considered one of the main factors leading to global warming. Considering the significant impacts of CO2 on climate change, various technologies have been developed in recent decades to control carbon emission, such as for example CO2 capture and storage. The developed cycle of a negative CO2 emission power plant includes some devices, out of which, separator plays an indispensable role. To this end, T-junction...
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Temperature influence on tire/road noise evaluated by the drum method
PublikacjaAmbient air and road surface temperatures substantially affect the road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tire/road noise depends mainly on tire-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tires. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Laboratory experiment was prepared to...
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Application a laboratory stand for multi-symptoms tests for high cyclic fatigue of constructional material
PublikacjaThis paper describes a need of diagnostics present ship plants according to current technical state. In order to reach competent physical quantity describing fatigue of materials by congregated energy. This paper describes using some diagnostics methods (acoustic emission AE, vibration, thermovision, deformation) in order to definition fatigue state of construction material. The author tries to find correlation between measured...
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CO2 EMISSION TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM CARBONATE WATERS: THE STUDY CASE OF THE LUBLIN UPLAND AND ROZTOCZE REGIONS
PublikacjaThe concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water (CO2(aq)) was measured in consecutive phases of the hydrological cycle. Its potentially possible degassing from groundwaters to the atmosphere was also assessed. The research was conducted in the area of occurrence of carbonate rocks of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze (SE Poland). The results of the measurements of CO2(aq) concentration varied as follows (min-max/mean): precipitation...
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Observation of the Hydrogen Migration in the Cation-Induced Fragmentation of the Pyridine Molecules
PublikacjaThe ability to selectively control chemical reactions related to biology, combustion, and catalysis has recently attracted much attention. In particular, the hydrogen atom relocation may be used to manipulate bond-breaking and new bond-forming processes and may hold promise for far-reaching applications. Thus, the hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the gas-phase pyridine molecules by the H+, H2+, He+, He2+, and...
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A white phosphor based on oxyfluoride nano-glass-ceramics co-doped with Eu3+ and Tb3+: Energy transfer study
PublikacjaStrontium fluoride nanocrystals doped separately with Ln3+ = Eu3+ or Tb3+ ions (95SrF2·5LnF2), as well as co-doped with both the ions (95SrF2·Eu4Tb) were synthesized for comparison. Then, glass-ceramics consisting of the mono-doped or di-doped SrF2 nanocrystals incorporated into amorphous silica (90SiO2·9.5SrF2·0.5Ln or 90SiO2·9.5SrF2·0.1EuF3·0.4Tb) were prepared by sol-gel procedure. The studied materials were characterized by...
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Impact of spraying commercial Bentonite Nanoclay on fortification of the mortar as Nano Sprying Technique (NST) in heritages and historical buildings
PublikacjaSpraying Bentonite NanoClay as an innovative idea satisfied an urgent need for conservation of historical brick constructions. This research explores the application of Nanotechnology as a Nano-Geotechnics (NaG) and Nano Ground Improvement (NGI) techniques for fortifying the mortar between bricks in historical buildings against some environmental erosive factors. Bentonite Nanoparticles were selected because of their compatibility...
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Asynchronous Charge Carrier Injection in Perovskite Light-Emitting Transistors
PublikacjaUnbalanced mobility and injection of charge carriers in metal-halide perovskite light-emitting devices pose severe limitations to the efficiency and response time of the electroluminescence. Modulation of gate bias in methylammonium lead iodide light-emitting transistors has proven effective in increasing the brightness of light emission up to MHz frequencies. In this work, a new approach is developed to improve charge carrier...
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High-efficient, zero-emission energy production
PublikacjaThis paper presents innovative thermodynamiccycles with high-efficient, zero-emission energy production. The main aim of this work is to show the role of nano-phenomena in the enhancement of the power of thermodynamic cycles. For that purpose, the cycles using oxy-combustion and spray ejected condensation are first studied and, secondly hybrid cycles using fuel cells and gas turbines are presented. The role of nano-phenomena in...
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Application of electrochemical sensors and sensor matrixes for measurement of odorous chemical compounds
PublikacjaIn this paper describes the principle of operation of the electrochemical sensors and the sensor matrixes comprised of electrochemical sensors intended for measurement of odorous compounds. Critical comparison of these sensors’ advantages and disadvantages has been made. The fields of economy contributing to release of odours and the potential sources of their emission have been identified. Commercially available electrochemical...
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Micro-cracking pattern recognition of hybrid CNTs/GNPs cement pastes under three-point bending loading using acoustic emission technique
PublikacjaThe generation of microcracks has an important influence on the behaviour of concrete structures. In this study, the acoustic emission (AE) technique was used to investigate the fracture phenomena and micro-cracking behavior of hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs, the 1-D allotrope of carbon atoms) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs, 2D monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms), cement composites under three-point bending loading. In...
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The luminescence study of Sr3−xBaxP5N10Cl: Eu2+ nitridophosphate.
Dane BadawczeA series of zeolitic nitridophosphate phosphors Sr2.91−xBaxP5N10Cl:0.09Eu2+ was synthesized by our collaborators from National Taiwan University using a hot isostatic press. Detailed thermal properties were determined using the temperature-dependent photoluminescence intensity and decay time. This research provides a different perspective to analyze...
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ThreSpect – A Program for the Determination of the Appearance Energies of Neutral and Ionized Species
PublikacjaCollisions of photons and charged particles with molecules lead to their excitation, ionization, and dissociation into neutral and ionized fragments. Accurately determining thresholds of the formation of particular products plays a vital role in analyzing processes occurring during these interactions. Therefore, we present a computer program, “ThreSpect,” that allows calculating threshold energies of various species generated in...
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An investigation of selected monoaromatic hydrocarbons released from the surface of polystyrene lids used in coffee-to-go cups
PublikacjaA consumer trend towards the fast preparation of beverages has increased the popularity of hot beverages (especially coffee and tea) available in disposable containers called coffee-to-go cups with fitted polystyrene lids. Lids in contact with hot beverages may release low molecular weight organic compounds into the gaseous phase causing direct exposure of consumers to these compounds during drinking. The paper describes in detail...
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Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a miniature gas turbine supplied by blends of kerosene and waste tyre pyrolysis oil
PublikacjaFossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that could be depleted in the near future, giving rise to amajor energy crisis. Scientists from all over the world are working on new technologies to produce fuelnot only from renewable sources but also from waste. This article is concerned with: (i) waste tyremanagement by means of the pyrolysis process, (ii) investigation of physico-chemical parameters ofwaste tyre pyrolysis oil...
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Photophysical processes in the selected white organic light-emitting diodes
PublikacjaThe first part discusses history of organic emitters, the scope of the work, phenomena in molecular systems, types of architectures in OLEDs, types of OLEDs emitting white light with examples from the literaturę and a description of the parameters chcracterizing LEDs. The second part describes materials, production of the samples, the measurement systems and results. In chapter 8.1 the results for the OLEDs based on emission from...
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
PublikacjaOperation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles...
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AC motor feeding cable consequences on EMC performance of ASD
PublikacjaHigh level of conducted EMI emissions of adjustable speed drives (ASD) is one of the most difficult problems in contemporary applications. Many investigations are carried out in order to find more effective methods allowing to predict this emission at early stage of design, and therefore to predict adequate countermeasures. This paper deals with the method which allows to estimate by simulation the influence of motor feeding cable...
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Performance of cryogenic oxygen production unit with exhaust gas bleed for sewage sludge gasification and different oxygen purities
PublikacjaThe paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of the integration of a cryogenic air separation unit into a negative CO2 emission gas power plant. The power cycle utilizes sewage sludge as fuel so this system fits into the innovative idea of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. A cryogenic air separation unit integrated with the power plant was simulated in professional plant engineering and thermodynamic process analysis software....
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The use of spectrometric diagnostics in identification of the technical condition of tribological systems
PublikacjaThe paper presents, as an effect of the analysis of investigation results, a possibility of using the spectrometric diagnostics in the tribological system technical condition supervision arrangement. A model, based on the emission of solid particles in tribological system operation, allows to identify the system technical condition. After the analysis of tests carried out with the use of that model, it has been found that the content...
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Metal enhanced fluorescence of flavin mononucleotide using new plasmonic platform
PublikacjaNew plasmonic platform was successfully obtained to investigate the increase of fluorescence intensity of a fluorophore in the presence of silver nanoparticles. A flavin mononucleotide, was selected by us as a fluorophore for this study as a very important biological compound playing a key role in many biochemical process. Plasmonic platforms were characterized by means of luminescence spectroscopy. Flavin mononucleotide deposited...
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Measurement techniques for assessing the olfactory impact of municipal sewage treatment plants
PublikacjaThe study presents information about the measurement techniques used for the assessment of air quality in terms of the olfactory intensity resulting from the operation of municipal sewage treatment plants. Advantages and disadvantages of the measurement techniques used are presented. Sources of malodourous substance emission from sewage treatment plants were described, and the malodourous substances emitted were characterised....
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Broadband Near-Infrared Cr4+-Doped Garnet Phosphors through Divalent Calcium Charge Compensation for Advanced Crystal Fiber Amplifiers
Dane BadawczeNear-infrared-II (NIR-II) phosphors are extensively used as NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes across various applications. Nonetheless, their application in fiber communication remains underexplored. Furthermore, efficiency challenges persist in developing broadband NIR crystal fiber amplifiers. A series of the Y3−yAl5−xO12:xCr,yCa2+ phosphors...
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Tire camber angle influence on tire-pavement noise
PublikacjaTaking into account tire-pavement noise and tires classification with respect to noise emission special measurement methods are usually used. When two of them are applied (the Laboratory Drum Method (DR) and the Close-Proximity Method (CPX)) the investigator has to be sure that the position of the tire is correct. The authors of this paper thought about tire position as tire (wheel) alignment in particular tire camber angle. They...
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Self-organized multilayered graphene-boron doped diamond hybrid nanowalls for high performance electron emission devices
PublikacjaCarbon nanomaterials like nanotubes, nanoflakes/nanowalls and graphene have been used as electron sources due to their superior field electron emission (FEE) characteristics. Nevertheless, these materials show poor stability and a short lifetime, preventing them from being used in practical device applications. The intention of this study was to find an innovative nanomaterial, possessing both high robustness and reliable FEE behavior....
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An experimental assessment on a diesel engine powered by blends of waste-plastic-derived pyrolysis oil with diesel
PublikacjaThe utilization of plastic solid wastes for sustainable energy production is a crucial aspect of the circular economy. This study focuses on pyrolysis as an effective method to convert this feedstock into renewable drop-in fuel. To achieve this, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of feedstock composition, pyrolysis process parameters, and the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting fuel, all correlated...
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New coordination polymers based on a V-shaped ligand and lanthanides: Structural description and symmetry-luminescence correlation using europium as a probe
PublikacjaWe have synthesized new luminescent coordination polymers using 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (H2SDA) and several lanthanide ions by open crystallization in DMF. Three different 1-D structures were obtained, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: [La(η2-NO3)(μ-SDA)(DMF)3]n (1), [Sm(η2-NO3)(μ-SDA)(DMF)2 2DMF]n (3), [Ln(η2-NO3)(μ-SDA)(DMF)2 DMF]n (Ln ¼ Eu (4), Dy (5), Ho (6), Er (7), Tm (8) and Lu(9)). A 2-D structure,...
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Effective density of airborne wear particles from car brake materials
PublikacjaPeople living in urban environments are subject to high health risks due to various anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter, including wear of transport vehicle brakes. Studies of airborne particles often require an estimate of the effective particle density, a property that allows correct matching of mass and size characteristics measured by different aerosol instruments. In this study we investigated the effective...
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Use of Modified Cuckoo Search algorithm in the design process of integrated power systems for modern and energy self-sufficient farms
PublikacjaIn the face of increasingly stringent pollutant emission regulations, designing an agricultural holding becomes a difficult challenge of connecting a large number of coefficients that describe an energy system of a farm in regard to its ecological and economic efficiency. One way to cope with this issue is to design an energy self-sufficient farm that integrates various technologies, including renewable energy. However, the selection...
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Visible light activity of rare earth metal doped (Er3+, Yb3+ or Er3+/Yb3+) titania photocatalysts
PublikacjaA series of Er3+-TiO2, Yb3+-TiO2 and Er3+/Yb3+-TiO2 photocatalysts were obtained via sol-gel method, using rare earth metal (RE) precursor ranging from 0.25 to 10 mol%. The experiments demonstrated that phenol in aqueous solutions was successfully degraded under visible light (> 450 nm) using RE3+-TiO2. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis...
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Lead(II) coordination polymers with imidazole-4- and pyrazole-3-carboxylate isomeric linkers: Structural diversity and luminescence properties
PublikacjaUsing 1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid (4imCOOH) and 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (3pyrCOOH) coordination polymers [Pb(4imCOO)2(H2O)]n (1) and [Pb2(3pyrCOO)4]n (2) were constructed. Obtained polymers were characterized via FT-IR, X-ray, PL and TG methods. The coordination polyhedron around Pb(II) in 1 is described as distorted pentagonal pyramid with hemidirected coordination sphere (based on DFT calculations). Compound 2 consists...
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Concentration‐Induced Hetero‐Valent Partial‐Inverse Occupation of Infrared Phosphor
PublikacjaInfrared luminescent materials have evoked much attention from chemists and material scientists. Although substantial progress is made in materials design, the luminescent mechanism remains ambiguous in the complex structures, presenting major barriers to developing novel infrared luminescent materials. Herein, this study aims to deliberate a complete discussion on infrared phosphors with concentration-induced hetero-valent partial-inverse...
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Deep eutectic solvents – Ideal solution for clean air or hidden danger?
PublikacjaThe industrial sector is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gases, due to its excessive energy consumption to meet the rapidly growing demand for energy-intensive products. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been studied extensively in order to cope with these harmful gases, but their usage can be an issue in respect to ecological reasons. Do deep eutectic solvents harm the atmosphere? Yes, these solvents...
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Surface-Plasmon-Coupled Emission of Rhodamine 110 in a Silica Nanolayer
PublikacjaThe first observation of strong directional surface-plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) of Rhodamine 110 in silica nanofilms deposited on silver nanolayers is reported. The preparation of the material is described in detail. The intensity of SPCE exceeds 10 times that of free space fluorescence and total linear light polarization in the SPCE ring is observed. A new experimental setup and an original data collection method is presented....