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Selected Methods for the Chemical Phosphorylation and Thiophosphorylation of Phenols
PublikacjaThis Focus Review gathers together a selection of methods for the chemical phosphorylation of phenols that employ three‐ and four‐coordinate phosphorus compounds. Phosphorylated scaffolds can exhibit enhanced properties compared to their non‐phosphorylated analogues, such as increased biological activity and increased/decreased solubility; as such, phosphorus compounds have gained more and more interest in organic and medicinal...
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Analytical chemistry with biosolvents
PublikacjaOne of the current trends in green analytical chemistry is the introduction of green solvents, some of which are biobased. At the same time, the development of the biorefinery concept has allowed more biochemicals to be obtained with increased efficiency and from a wider range of feedstocks. The first examples of the use of biosolvents in analytical applications included extractions performed with alcohols, esters, and terpenes....
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Electrochemical synthesis of 2D copper coordination-polymers: Layer-stacking deviation induced by the solvent and its effect on the adsorptive properties
PublikacjaA 2D Cu-based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), namely copper-terephthalate (Cu(1,4-BDC)), was successfully synthesized by electrochemical method for effective methylene blue (MB) sorption from aqueous solutions. The composition, morphology, and the presence of functional groups in the obtained material were verified by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Thermal (TGA), and Elemental (EA)...
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Dual functionality of amphiphilic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids: surfactants with catalytic function
PublikacjaA series of amphiphilic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids were synthesized. Acidic hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids with the alkyl chains C6–C14 are characterized by good surface properties. Their surface properties (adsorption and micellization parameters, degree of ionization of micelles, Krafft temperatures and thermodynamic parameters) were determined. Synthesized ionic liquids were applied as a co-catalyst...
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Separation and determination of the group-type composition of modern base and lubricating oils with a wide range of polarity, especially emitted to the environment
PublikacjaLubricating oils are composed of base oils (>85% v/v) and enriching additives (<15% v/v). Three types of base oils may be distinguished: 1) traditional bases (obtained by low-volatile fractions from crude oil distillation refining), 2) synthetic bases (mainly poly-alpha-olefins, sometimes esters, especially succinic acid esters), 3) bases of natural origin (especially obtained from refined plant oils). The bases of natural origin...
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1,3-alternate calix[4]arene-bonded silica stationary phases. Effect of calixarene skeleton substituents on the retention mechanism and column selectivity
PublikacjaFour novel 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phases possessing different aromatic and aliphatic substituents at the upper rim (CalixNph, CalixBph, CalixHex and CalixDdc) were prepared and structurally characterized. The comparison and selectivity of these phases was done by using alkylbenzenes, fatty acid p-bromophenacyl esters, aromatic positional isomers and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons as analytes....
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Cold-adapted bacterial lipolytic enzymes and their applications
PublikacjaLipolytic enzymes, esterases and lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of fatty acid esters. This class of enzymes is the most important group of biocatalysts for biotechnological applications. From this perspective, coldactive lipolytic enzymes from cold adapted bacteria display attractive properties for some industrial purposes, including high catalytic activity at low temperatures and low thermostability. To...
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Cuticular lipids of insects as potential biofungicides
PublikacjaThe term ''lipids'' refers to fatty acids, their derivatives and substances related with them biochemically or by the functions in the body. Lipids include compounds with different chemical structure. There are lipids with structures based on long-chain carboxylic acids and their direct derivatives, namely: fatty acids, alkanes, some alkenes, aldehydes and long chain alcohols and their derivatives (esters). The variety of lipid...
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Experimental dynamic study on a timber-frame house using shaking table
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to show the results of the shaking table experimental study concerning the behaviour of the model of the timber-frame house under earthquake excitation and impact loading. In order to determine the basic dynamic properties of the undamaged structure, the free vibration and the sweep-sine tests were first conducted. Then, the model was excited using the time history record of the El Centro earthquake of...
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Sparse autoregressive modeling
PublikacjaIn the paper the comparison of the popular pitch determination (PD) algorithms for thepurpose of elimination of clicks from archive audio signals using sparse autoregressive (SAR)modeling is presented. The SAR signal representation has been widely used in code-excitedlinear prediction (CELP) systems. The appropriate construction of the SAR model is requiredto guarantee model stability. For this reason the signal representation...
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Electrolytic corrosion of water pipeline system in the remote distance from stray currents– case study
PublikacjaCase study of corrosion failure of urban water supply system caused by the harmful effects of stray currents was presented. The failure occurred at a site distant from the sources of these currents namely the tramway and railway traction systems. Diagnosis revealed the stray currents flow to pipeline over a remote distance of 800 ÷ 1,000 meters from the point of failure. At the point of failure stray currents flowed from the pipeline...
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Application of multicriteria decision analysis to assess the greenness of molecularly imprinted polymers synthesis components
PublikacjaThe study applies multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank the components of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesis according to their greenness. The components are taken from papers that are describing synthesis of MIPs for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) sorbents. Functional monomers (n = 14), target/surrogate molecules (n = 10), porogens (n = 8), cross-linking agents (n = 8) and initiators (n = 4) are described...
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Preliminary design of the last stage of supercritical steam turbine and proposition of anti-erosion coating for blades surface
PublikacjaIn this article a preliminary design of the last stage of supercritical steam turbine has been presented. A computational model of supercritical thermal cycle has been created in order to determine steam parameters at the stage inlet and outlet. The model was based on the structure of German coal-fired power plant Datteln 4. Further steam-flow parame-ters and dimensions of stator and rotor blades have been calculated analytically....
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Images of the Seabed of the Gulf of Gdansk Obtained by Means of the Parametric Sonar
PublikacjaThe main goal of this paper is to present results of the experimental investigation of the seabed by means of parametric echosounder in the form of chosen images. The phenomena of nonlinear interaction between two parallel beams of high intensity gives as a results very narrow beam of low frequency wave, that enables to penetrate the sea bottom. The first step of our investigations was calibration of all the elements of the measuring...
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Low cost microwave X-band generator
PublikacjaA low cost microwave X-band generator for educational purposes was designed and built. Its simple construction and user's interface makes it suitable for a student laboratory.The generator is based on a single frequency conversion concept. It uses a digitally tunable PLL chip for intermediate frequency generation and an active frequency multiplier for frequency conversion. The generator covers 9,7 - 11 GHz part of the X frequency...
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Detection of Objects Buried in the Sea Bottom with the Use of Parametric Echosounder
PublikacjaThe paper contains results of a in situ research main task of which was to detect objects buried, partially or completely, in the sea bottom. Object detecting technologies employing acoustic wave sources based on nonlinear interaction of elastic waves require application of parametric sound sources. Detection of objects buried in the sea bottom with the use of classic hydroacoustic devices such as the sidescan sonar or multibeam...
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PBDEs in environmental samples: Sampling and analysis
PublikacjaThe paper reviews the subject literature concerning analytical procedures routinely sed for monitoring polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in environmental samples. It describes and summarizes subsequent stages of analytical procedure including sample collection and preparation, extraction, clean-up and final determination. Different approaches with their advantages and limitations are presented. Special attention is drawn to...
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TMSCL as a rate accelerating additive in acylations of amines with 5-(α- amino-α'-hydroxy)methylene meldrum's acids
PublikacjaAspects are presented of the acylation of amines, alcohols and thiols with 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene Meldrum's acids. We placed special emphasis on the acylation reaction of secondary amines with 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene Meldrum's acids, which, due to their basicity, caused problems concerning salt formation with a Meldrum acid derivative. We found that secondary amines, which react at the slowest rate and with a...
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Synthesis and polymerisation techniques of molecularly imprinted polymers
PublikacjaMolecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are materials that has been processed using the molecular imprinting technique which permit to obtain well-defined three-dimensional cavities, with affinity to a template molecule, in the polymer matrix. Technology involves three strategies, i.e., covalent, non-covalent and semi-covalent approach, but the most popular is non-covalent approach. The most important components for the synthesis...
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Dynamic tests of composite footbridge segment – experimental and numerical studies
PublikacjaExperimental dynamic tests and numerical simulations of a 3 meters long segment of a footbridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The span-length is reduced, however dimensions of cross-section are the same as the target footbridge. The segment structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates (skins) and a PET foam (core). The first part of the paper contains...
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Morphology and degradation of polyurehanes in different environments.
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań degradacji poli(estro-uretanów) (PEsUA i PEsUB) oraz poli(etero-uretano-mocznika)(PEtUU) w roztworach buforowych o zmiennym pH (168 godz., 70 oC), w środowisku trypsyny (37 oC, 1 m-c), Aspergillys niger (12 m-cy), kompoście z osadem czynnym (12 m-cy) i w wodzie morskiej (12 m-cy). Analizowano zmiany w morfologii i właściwościach fizykomechanicznych. Ustalono następujące sekwencje w zmianach zależności...
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Searching of the buried objects in the sea bottom by means of noninvasive methods
PublikacjaSearching of objects on the seabed or under its surface currently is a challenge for a number of researchers interested in the sea bottom. The problem relates to the objects on the depths of up to several tens of meters from the surface of the seabed. Finding the objects is the subject of interest for a wide group of users starting from archaeologists, and ending on groups interested in marine safety, as well as in military application...
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Tmscl as a rate accelerating additive in acylations of amines with 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene meldrum's acids
PublikacjaAspects are presented of the acylation of amines, alcohols and thiols with 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene Meldrum's acids. We placed special emphasis on the acylation reaction of secondary amines with 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene Meldrum's acids, which, due to their basicity, caused problems concerning salt formation with a Meldrum acid derivative. We found that secondary amines, which react at the slowest rate and with a...
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Environmental risk- based ranking of solvents by the combination of multimedia model and multi-criteria decision analysis
PublikacjaA novel procedure for assessing the environmental risk related to solvents emissions has been developed. The assessment of risk is based on hazard and exposure detailed investigations. The potential exposure related to different environmental phases is calculated with basic multimedia model, that gives the percentage distribution of solvent in environmental compartments as a result. Specific hazards– toxicological, environmental...
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The assessment of metrological properties of segmental orifice based on simulations and experiments
PublikacjaSegmental orifices are often used to measure flows of heterogeneous mixtures, especially in flow meters in the power industry, for example. The orifice (with module m= 0.25) was installed in a stainless-steel pipe with internal diameter of 50 mm, placed in a hydraulic water system. The research was performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 9,000 to 17,000. The flow characteristics of this orifice obtained based on simulation...
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Isocyanate-Free Polyurethanes
PublikacjaIsocyanate-free polyurethanes (also called non-isocyanate polyurethanes, or NIPUs) are alternatives to the conventional (commercially used) polyurethanes synthesized using di- or polyisocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders with low molecular weight. The major routes of NIPUs’ synthesis involve polyaddition of cyclic carbonates and di- or polyamines, polycondensation of carbamates, and diols. The most important intermediates are...
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Effect of pine impregnation and feed speed on sound level and cutting power in wood sawing
PublikacjaThe sound levels along with the cutting power registered during the sawing process of the impregnated and non-impregnated pine wood at two feed speeds are shown and compared in this paper. Statistically significant differences in the acoustic signals occurred at the lower feed rate. The differences became smaller with an increase in the feed speed. In contrast to the sound signal, the differences...
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Uncertainty of the liquid mass flow measurement using the orifice plate
PublikacjaThe article presents an estimation of measurement uncertainty of a liquid mass flow using the orifice plate. This subject is essential because of the widespread use of this type of flow meters. Not only the quantitative estimation but also the qualitative results of those measurements are important. To achieve these results the authors of the paper propose to use the theory of uncertainty. The article shows the analysis of the...
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Adaptacyjny system oświetlania dróg oraz inteligentnych miast
PublikacjaPrzedmiotem rozprawy jest zbadanie praktycznej możliwości wykrywania w czasie rzeczywistym anomalii w systemie oświetlenia drogowego w oparciu o analizę danych ze inteligentnych liczników energii. Zastosowanie inteligentnych liczników energii elektrycznej (Smart Meter) w systemach oświetlenia drogowego stwarza nowe możliwości w zakresie automatycznej diagnostyki takich niepożądanych zjawisk jak awarie lamp, odstępstwa od harmonogramu...
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Przegląd rodzajów chiralnych faz stacjonarnych oraz możliwości ich zastosowań w chromatografii cieczowej
PublikacjaChromatograficzne rozdzielanie związków optycznie czynnych ma ogromne znaczenie nie tylko w przemyśle farmaceutycznym, ale i agrochemicznym, a także w badaniach naukowych różnego rodzaju. W niniejszym opracowaniu scharakteryzowano komercyjnie dostępne chiralne fazy stacjonarne na bazie, cyklodekstryn, polisacharydów, makrocyklicznych antybiotyków, eterów koronowych, a także fazy proteinowe, ligandowymienne, jonowymienne oraz fazy...
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Sésame, ouvre-toi: internationalisme phraséologique à contenu universel
PublikacjaPhraseological units, characterised by their opaque meaning, are the subject of multiple theoretical works. The following article adds to this discussion by providing another interesting example. It analyses the case of the Arabic phraseological unit ‘open sesame’ from the “Ali Baba and the Forty Thievesˮ folk tale, permeating into French, Italian, Polish, Turkish and Japanese – languages distant both linguistically and culturally....
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Selected Aspects of Biofuels Market and the Electromobility Development in Poland: Current Trends and Forecasting Changes
PublikacjaThis work presents basic information associated with markets of selected alternative fuels used in transport, such as methyl esters, conventional bioethanol and lignocellulosic bioethanol, and the market of electrical vehicles. Legal conditions, which stimulate development and regulate the mode of functioning of the liquid biofuel market until 2020 are discussed, based on provisions of EU directives. Data on biofuel production...
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Synthesis of amides under microwave irradiation
PublikacjaAmides belong to the most important carboxylic acid derivatives. They are constituents of natural compounds like peptides and proteins. They found applications in many branches of science and industry, especially in pharmaceutical and polymer science. Conventional procedures for amide preparation involve reaction between amine and carboxylic acid or their more active derivatives such as acid chlorides, acid anhydrides or esters....
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Analysis of hydrodynamic pressure fields of motorboats and pontoons in shallow water
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of calculations of the pressure fields generated by a motorboat at the bottom of a shallow sea. Calculations were made using the boundary elements method (BEM), arranged on the surface of the boat and the bottom of the sea. This method is described in [3], and applied on a free surface linearized boundary condition. Results for four different lengths of motorboats, from 2.85 m to 9.5 m, sea depth...
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Progress in non-isocyanate polyurethanes synthesized from cyclic carbonate intermediates and di- or polyamines in the context of structure–properties relationship and from an environmental point of view
PublikacjaCommercially, polyurethanes are produced by the reaction of diisocyanates, polyols (polyester or polyether) and low molecular weight chain extender. Toxicity, moisture sensitivity and phosgene-based synthesis of diisocyanates resulted in investigations focused on obtaining the non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). This work presents the review of synthesis and structure–properties relationship of non-isocyanate polyurethanes obtained...
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Studies on origin of Polish honeys by two-dimensional gas chromatography Ocena pochodzenia surowcowego polskich miodów przy użyciu dwuwymiarowej chromatografii gazowej
PublikacjaPolish acacia, linden, rapessed and buckwheat-derived honeys and a honydew were analysed for presence of hydrocarbons, alcs., ketones and esters by 2-dimensional gas chromatog. to establish the markers for the honey origin. PrOH was found characteristic for acacia honey, Me(CH2)11OH for linden honey, Me(CH2)6CHOMe for honeydew and Me(CH2)8COOEt for the rapeseed honey. Wykorzystano technikę dwuwymiarowej chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej...
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Analysis of MArkers of Exposure to Constituents of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
PublikacjaTobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 4000 chemical compounds, many of which are harmful to human health. These compounds belong to various chemical classes, including amides, imides, lactams, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, amines, hydrocarbons, ethers, and inorganic compounds. There are three types of tobacco smoke streams: the mainstream, the sidestream, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)....
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Estimation of zero buoyancy of the batyscaphe. Pneumatic buoyancy control of the bathyscaphe
PublikacjaThe subjects of this work are matters concerning the batyscaphe designed and constructed by the Scientific Circle of Young Constructors (SCoYC) acting at the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the Olsztyn University of Warmia and Mazury.The goal od the remote-controlled batyscaphe is an underwater exploration of water resorvoirs in Poland. Design and construction of the unmanned watercraft, also known as a batyscaphe, required the...
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A review on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic microalgal lipid extraction and transesterification for biofuel production
PublikacjaExtracting lipids from microalgal biomass presents significant potential as a cost-effective approach for clean energy generation. This can be achieved through the chemical conversion of lipids to produce fatty acid methyl esters via transesterification. The extraction mainly involves free fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides, and requires less energy, making it an attractive option for satisfying the growing demand for...
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Non-volatile molecular composition and discrimination of single grape white of chardonnay, riesling, sauvignon blanc and silvaner using untargeted GC–MS analysis
PublikacjaThis study developed and applied a GC–MS method aiming at molecular fingerprinting of 120 commercial single grape white wines (Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Silvaner) for possible authentication according to grape variety. The method allowed detection of 372 peaks and tentative identification of 146 metabolites including alcohols, organic acids, esters, amino acids and sugars. The grape variety effect explained 8.3%...
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Syntheses, chemical strustures and properties of poly(ester-etherurethane)s crosslinked with styrene, synthesized from unsaturated oligo(alkylene ester-ether)diols and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
PublikacjaMetodą dwuetapową, w reakcji syntezy wytworzonych uprzednio oligo(alkilenoestro-etero)dioli (OAEE) z 4,4'-diizocyjanianem difenylometanu (MDI) otrzymano nowe nienasycone poli(estro-eterouretany) (NPEEUR), które następnie poddano sieciowaniu styrenem wobec inicjatorów polimeryzacji rodnikowej: nadtlenku metyloetyloketonu (MEKPO) i 2-etylocykloheksanianu kobaltu (EtHCo). Usieciowane PEEUR scharakteryzowano na podstawie badań wytrzymałości...
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Materiały sensorowe o makrocyklicznej budowie. Synteza benzokoron oraz azobenzokoron. Zależność: struktura a właściwości jonoforowe
PublikacjaRozwój chemii supramolekularnej jest ściśle powiązany z poszukiwaniem nowych materiałów użytecznych np. w konstruowaniu sensorów chemicznych lub urządzeń molekularnych. Sensory potencjometryczne-membranowe elektrody jonoselektywne (ISE) to jedne z najczęściej stosowanych detektorów jonów metali. Substratami często stosowanymi do otrzymywania jonoforów są etery koronowe.W ramach pracy zsyntezowano szereg eterów koronowych i przeprowadzono...
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Evaluation of Street Lighting Efficiency Using a Mobile Measurement System
PublikacjaThe issue concerns the initial stage of work on a method for performing a rapid assessment of the energy efficiency and illuminance of a street lighting installation. The proposed method is based on simultaneous measurement of illuminance from three lux meters placed on the roof of the vehicle. The data are acquired in road traffic, while the vehicle is driving. The proposed solution will allow in the future to quickly and reproducibly...
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The Analysis of Vodka: A Review Paper
PublikacjaVodka is the most popular alcoholic beverage in Poland, Russia and other Eastern European countries, made from ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin that has been produced via fermentation of potatoes, grains or other agricultural products. Despite distillation and multiple filtering, it is not possible to produce 100 % ethanol. The solution with a minimum ethanol content of 96 %, which is used to produce vodkas, also contains trace amounts...
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Will NILM Technology Replace Multi-Meter Telemetry Systems for Monitoring Electricity Consumption?
PublikacjaThe estimation of electric power utilization, its baseload, and its heating, light, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) power component, which represents a very large portion of electricity usage in commercial facilities, are important for energy consumption controls and planning. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the analytical method used to monitor the energy and disaggregate total electrical usage into appliance-related...
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KONCEPCJA DWU-ŚMIGŁOWEJ ELEKTROWNI WIATROWEJ I ELEKTROWNI SZCZYTOWO-POMPOWEJ NA WZGÓRZU SZUBIENICZNYM
PublikacjaDogodne warunki terenowe Wzgórza Szubienicznego w Gdańsku oraz istniejąca tam infrastruktura stanowią podstawę do rozważenia koncepcji doposażenia instalacji badawczej Laboratorium Innowacyjnych Technologii Elektroenergetycznych i Integracji Odnawialnych Źródeł Energii LINTE^2 w skojarzony, hydro-wiatrowy zespół wytwórczy. W artykule zaproponowano koncepcję budowy elektrowni pompowo-szczytowej z turbinami Francisa oraz elektrowni...
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Ion-selective electrodes based on p-tert-butyl-homooxacalixarene di(ethyl) amides
PublikacjaPochodne dietyloamidowe p-tert-butylodihomooksakaliks[4]arenu (1), p-tert-butyloheksahomotrioksakaliks[3]arenu (2) oraz p-tert-butylokaliks[4]arenu (3) były wykorzystane jako materiał aktywny w membranach elektrod jonoselektywnych w celu sprawdzenia detekcji kationów różnych rodzajów (Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ oraz kation tetrametyloammoniowy). Wyznaczono charakterystyki elektrod oraz współczynniki...
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Volumetric and torque efficiency of pumps during start-up in low ambient temperatures
PublikacjaThe volumetric, torque and total efficiency of hydraulic pumps change during start-up in low ambient temperatures, as well as in thermal shock conditions, un-til they reach the set conditions. The time to reach steady-state conditions de-pends on many parameters: ambient temperature, flow rate, fluid temperature, design of hydraulic units. The author carried out tests of hydraulic pumps in the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Faculty...
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Nonlinear Properties of Seawater as a Factor Determining Nonlinear Wave Propagation
PublikacjaTaking practical advantage of nonlinear acoustical interactions occurring in seawater [1, 2] requires knowledge of the parameter of nonlinearity B=A of this medium. The literature does not offer much reports on B=A parameter value for seawater. In the few papers concerning that address the issue, results concerning ocean waters with high salinity and at large depths are given [3], while studies concerning seawater with low salinity...
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New bis(azobenzocrown)s with dodecylmethylmalonyl linkers as ionophores for sodium selective potentiometric sensors
PublikacjaNovel biscrowns 1 and 2 were synthesized from 13-membered azobenzocrown ethers containing bromoalkylenoxy chains in para position relative to the azo group. The synthesized diester molecules are dodecylmethylmalonic acid derivatives differing by the linker length. The synthesized compounds have the potential of being used as sodium ionophores in ion-selective electrodes. They were characterized and used as ionophores in classic...