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Human Female Hair Follicles Are a Direct, Nonclassical Target for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
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Influence of morphology of PVDF capillary membranes on the performance of direct contact membrane distillation
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Direct determination of cadaverine in the volatile fraction of aerobically stored chicken breast samples
PublikacjaTo supplement the currently used methods for poultry meat shelf life assessment, it might be necessary to develop a technique for rapid headspace analysis of volatiles with no prior sample preparation step. Biogenic amines, in particular cadaverine, are considered meat spoilage indicators. Described in this article are the results of a preliminary investigation of the applicability of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry...
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Direct algorithm for optimizing robust MPC of drinking water distribution systems hydraulics
PublikacjaModel-based predictive control is an effective method for control the large scale systems [1]–[6], [8], [16], [17]. Method is based on on-line solution of the control task over the control horizon using current and past measurements, as well as the system model. Only a first element of calculated control sequence is applied to the plant. At the next sampling instant, based on new process output measurements, control procedure is...
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Comparison of direct and inverse methods of satellite observations downscaling for the coastal zone area
PublikacjaThe Earth observation satellite imaging systems have known limitations, especially regarding their spatial and temporal resolution. Therefore, approaches which aim to combine data retrieved from sensors of higher temporal and lower spatial resolution with the data characterized by lower temporal but higher spatial resolution are of high interest. This allows for joint utilization of the advantages of both these types of sensors....
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Direct stimulation of macrophages by IL-12 and IL-18 — a bridge too far?
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Application of polarisation-maintaining side-hole fibres do direct force measurement
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie utrzymujących polaryzację światłowodów typu Side Hole do bezpośredniego pomiaru siły. Dla wybranych struktur tych światłowodów wyznaczono, przy pomocy Metody Elementów Skończonych i metody modów sprzężonych, czułość na siłę działającą prostopadle do osi symetrii światłowodu. Określono zależność tej czułości od poszczególnych wymiarów struktur tych światłowodów. Następnie, biorąc pod...
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Towards Precise Visual Navigation and Direct Georeferencing for MAV Using ORB-SLAM2
PublikacjaA low accuracy of positioning using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are not meet geodetic requirements for direct images georeferencing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. A majority of UAVs are equipped with a monocular or stereo non-metric cameras for either visual data gathering or live video feed for operator. A cheap positioning techniques used on board commercial UAVs are not that precise as geodetic...
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Direct electrical brain stimulation of human memory: lessons learnt and future perspectives
PublikacjaModulation of cognitive functions supporting human declarative memory is one of the grand challenges of neuroscience, and of vast importance for a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite a recent surge of successful attempts at improving performance in a range of memory tasks, the optimal approaches and parameters for memory enhancement have yet to be determined. On a more fundamental...
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The Use of Direct Shear Test for Optimization of Interlayer Bonding Under a Poroelastic Layer
PublikacjaPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) are characterised by porous structure with air void content of 20% or higher and stiffness almost 10 times lower than that of a standard asphalt course. Such properties enable noise reduction by up to 12 dB in comparison to SMA 11 mixture. However, the disadvantage of a poroelastic pavement is its low durability, which partially results from delamination from the lower layer. The paper aims to investigate...
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Direct modulation for conventional matrix converters using analytical signals and barycentric coordinates
PublikacjaThis paper proposes the generalized direct modulation for Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) using the concept of analytical signals and barycentric coordinates. The paper proposes a novel approach to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle computing, which allows faster prototyping of direct control algorithms. The explanation of the new idea using analytical considerations demonstrating the principles of direct voltage...
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FE-simulations of a direct and a true simple shear test within a polar hypoplasticity
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy testu bezpośredniego ścinania i testu prostego ścinania w materiałach granulowanych. Obliczenia wykonano stosując metodę elementów skończonych i mikropolarne hipoplastyczne prawo konstytutywne. W analizie uwzględniono lokalizację odkształceń stycznych.
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Optical measurements of lithium titanate sol-gel derived thin films
Dane BadawczeNanocrystalline thin films with 800 nm thickness were prepared by sol–gel method. To examine the influence of the annealing time on as-prepared films crystallization, the coatings were heated at 550 °C for 10, 20 and 80 h. On the basis of transmission characteristic optical properties were calculated. It was found that transmission through the thin...
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Do Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous and Religiousness Both Directly and Indirectly through Meaning in Life Lead to Spiritual Experiences?
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Selective monoprotection of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane via direct reactions with 4-nitrophenyl active esters
Publikacja1,4,7,10-tetraazacyklododekan jest cykliczną tetraaminą. Z chemicznego punktu widzenia wszystkie atomy azotu posiadają takie same właściwości fizykochemiczne. Jedyną różnicę stanowią ich właściwości kwasowo-zasadowe. Cyklen posiada dwa atomy azotu o obniżonej zasadowości. Właściwość ta z powodzeniem wykorzystywana jest w reakcjach jednoczesnej selektywnej substytucji dwóch atomów w pozycji 1 i 7. W przypadku bezpośredniej reakcji...
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Lawesson's reagent (LR) for direct thionation of hydroxamic acids. Substituent effect on LR reactivity
PublikacjaOkreślono zakres stosowalności i ogranicznia metody bezpośredniej tionacji kwasów hydroksamowych (HAA) za pomocą odczynnika Lawessona (LR). Przedmiotem badań było 35 HAA o wzorze ogólnym R1CON(R2)OH gdzie: R1 = alkil, aryl, benzyl, etoksykarbonylometylen, cynamyl, heteroaryl, a R2 = alkil, aryl. Ustalono, że wydajności kwasów tiohydroksamowych są niskie, gdy wyjściowy HAA posiada w swojej strukturze duże objętościowo reszty R1...
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Direct Analysis of Samples of Various Origin and Composition Using Specific Types of Mass Spectrometry
PublikacjaOne of the major sources of error that occur during chemical analysis utilizing the more conventional and established analytical techniques is the possibility of losing part of the analytes during the sample preparation stage. Unfortunately, this sample preparation stage is required to improve analytical sensitivity and precision. Direct techniques have helped to shorten or even bypass the sample preparation stage; and in this...
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Direct conversion of biomass to nanoporous activated biocarbons for high CO2 adsorption and supercapacitor applications
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Spatial Heterogeneity Impacts of Bilateral Foreign Direct Investment on Green Energy Efficiency in China
PublikacjaAt present, green energy transformation and climate policy are increasingly connected. The need to improve national competitiveness and implement climate and energy strategies means that an energy-consuming country like China must rapidly enhance its green energy efficiency (GEE) and energy consumption structure. The following paper contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the effects of bilateral FDI on GEE from...
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Direct estimation of elements of algebra of quantum states and entanglement detection via linear contraction.
PublikacjaWykazano możliwość obliczenia elementów algebry generowanej przez macierze bez uprzedniej rekonstrukcji stanu. Ponadto wykazano, że pewne testy separowalności oparte o liniowe operacje zwężające można przeprowadzić bez uprzedniej rekonstrukcji badanych stanów.
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A new pitch shifter based on complex instantaneous frequency rescaling and direct digital synthesis
PublikacjaZaproponowano nową metodę zmiany wysokości dźwięku za pośrednictwem skalowania zespolonej częstotliwości chwilowej i na podstawie cyfrowej syntezy bezpośredniej. Zaprezentowano schematy blokowe opracowanych algorytmów. Pracę zilustrowano przykładem syntezy sygnału wywoławczego (''dzwonka'' telefonicznego), gdzie dźwięki poszczególnych nut generowanej melodii uzyskano na podstawie naturalnego sygnału - pojedynczego świergotu o widmie...
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Dynamic impedance measurements of the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell cathode at various operating temperatures
PublikacjaThis article discusses the application of impedance analysis for diagnosing the cathode of a direct methanol fuel cell at various operating temperatures. The Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique coupled with a linear current scan was applied for this purpose. This technique allowed the observation of changes in the cathode's properties in the fuel cell operating under real working conditions. An equivalent model...
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Applications of permeability, oedometer and direct shear tests to the sand mixed with waste tire crumb
PublikacjaThe amount of the used waste rubbers in the world has been increasing every year, and their utilization, become a major environmental problem worldwide. The present experimental work has been performed to investigate the influence of rubber inclusion on the behavior of a sand. Geotechnical properties of the sand, and sand with tire crumb at various ratios mixtures (0%, 2.5%, 7.5%, and 15%) were investigated through a series of...
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The adaptive spatio-temporal clustering method in classifying direct labor costs for the manufacturing industry
PublikacjaEmployee productivity is critical to the profitability of not only the manufacturing industry. By capturing employee locations using recent advanced tracking devices, one can analyze and evaluate the time spent during a workday of each individual. However, over time, the quantity of the collected data becomes a burden, and decreases the capabilities of efficient classification of direct labor costs. However, the results obtained...
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A Direct Modulation for Matrix Converters based on the Onecycle Atomic operation developed in Verilog HDL.
PublikacjaThis paper presents a fast direct Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) algorithm for the Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) developed in Verilog Hardware Description language (HDL). All PWM duty cycle calculations are performed in one cycle by an atomic operation designed as a digital module using FPGA basic blocks. The algorithm can be extended to any number of output phase. The improved version of the discontinuous Direct Analytic...
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Analysis of AC/DC/DC Converter Modules for Direct Current Fast-Charging Applications
PublikacjaThe paper is a comprehensive laboratory comparison study of two galvanic isolated solution off-board battery chargers: (1) Si-based cost-effective case, and (2) SiC-bidirectional ready for vehicle to grid concept case. All circuits are modular, and in both cases the DC/DC converter can be replaced according to the end user requirements (the coupled transformer remains the same and is constructed based on 12xC100 cores to avoid...
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A measurement method for capacitive sensors based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublikacjaIn the paper, there is presented a new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance values of capacitive sensors, dedicated, among others, to capacitive relative humidity sensors. The method is based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators (ACs) and with precision voltage reference sources, e.g. digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The reference...
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Design of power cable lines partially exposed to direct solar radiation – special aspects
PublikacjaPower cable lines are usually buried in the ground. However, in some cases, their ending sections are mounted along the supports of overhead lines. This leads to a situation where the cables are exposed to direct solar radiation and, consequentially, overheat. The paper presents the advanced computer modelling of power cables’ heating, considering their insolation as well as the effect of wind. The temperature and current-carrying...
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Discrete modelling results of a direct shear test for granular materials versus FE results
PublikacjaArtykuł porównuje wyniki DEM i MES dla testu bezpośredniego ścinania materiałów granulowanych. Obliczenia MES wykonano przy zastosowaniu mikropolarnego modelu hipoplastycznego. W obliczeniach DEM z kulami i momentami kontaktu zwrócono uwagę na zjawiska mikrostrukturalne w strefie ścinania na poziomie ziaren.
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Comparison of two cervical collars on the intracranial pressure measured indirectly based on the thickness of the optic nerve sheath. Preliminary data
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Direct human contact with siloxanes (silicones): safety or risk. Part 1: characteristics of siloxanes (silicones
PublikacjaSiloxanes are commonly known as silicones. They belong to the organosiliconcompounds and are exclusively obtained by synthesis. Their chemical structuredetermines a range of physicochemical properties which were recognized as unique.Due to the susceptibility to chemical modifications, ability to create short, long orcomplex polymer particles, siloxanes found an application in many areas of human life.
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Study of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Process Dynamics Using Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
PublikacjaA new technique, which was developed to characterize the direct methanol fuel cell under work conditions, has been presented in this paper. The impedance measurements were made using dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy research technique in the galvanostatic mode, using multiple sinusoidal excitation. Obtained results show, that together with an increase of the temperature and working load, the global impedance...
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CO2 capture through direct-contact condensation in a spray ejector condenser and T- junction separator
PublikacjaThe design principle underlying the steam condensation and CO2 purification in a gas power plant with a focus on reducing CO2 emissions encompasses the deployment of a spray ejector condenser (SEC) and separator. This innovative system facilitates direct-contact condensation of steam with non-condensable gas (CO2) by inter acting with a spray of subcooled water, seamlessly integrated with a T-junction separator mechanism aimed...
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Induction Generator with Direct Control and a Limited Number of Measurements on the Side of the Converter Connected to the Power Grid
PublikacjaThe article presents an induction generator connected to the power grid using the AC/DC/AC converter and LCL coupling filter. Three-level inverters were used in the converter, both from the generator side and the power grid side. The algorithm realizing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in inverters has been simplified to the maximum. Control of the induction generator was based on the Direct Field-Oriented Control (DFOC) method. At...
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Fast Real-Time RDFT- and GDFT-Based Direct Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Drive
PublikacjaThis paper presents the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a direct fault harmonic identification approach in a converter-fed electric drive for automated diagnosis purposes. On the basis of the analytical model of the proposed real-time direct fault diagnosis, the fault-related harmonic component is calculated using recursive DFT (RDFT) and Goertzel DFT (GDFT), applied instead of the full spectrum calculations...
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Direct electrical stimulation of the human brain has inverse effects on the theta and gamma neural activities
PublikacjaObjective: Our goal was to analyze the electrophysiological response to direct electrical stimulation (DES) systematically applied at a wide range of parameters and anatomical sites, with particular focus on neural activities associated with memory and cognition. Methods: We used a large set of intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings with DES from 45 subjects with electrodes...
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General, Mild, and Metal-Free Functionalization of Indole and Its Derivatives Through Direct C3-Selenylation
PublikacjaA very mild method for the introduction of functionalized alkylselenyl group at C-3 position of the indole ring was developed. The proposed procedure consists of an electrophilic substitution of indole and its derivatives with bis(O,O-diisopropoxyphosphorothioyl) diselenide and subsequent cleavage of the P–Se bond with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in the presence of various electrophilic reagents. This method can be successfully...
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Simulation of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Data Transmission System for Reliable Underwater Acoustic Communications
PublikacjaUnderwater acoustic communication (UAC) system designers tend to transmit as much information as possible, per unit of time, at as low as possible error rate. It is a particularly difficult task in a shallow underwater channel in which the signal suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation and refraction phenomena. The direct-sequence spread spectrum technique (DSSS) applied successfully in the latest standards...
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Direct Screening ofWater Samples for Benzene Hydrocarbon Compounds by Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction--Gas Chromatography
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Direct screening of ground water samples for fuel oxygenates by headspace liquid phase microextraction–gas chromatography
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Erratum to “A study of separation by the direct-contact membrane distillation process” Sep. Technol. 4 (1994) 244
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Theory versus experiment for vacuum Rabi oscillations in lossy cavities. II. Direct test of uniqueness of vacuum
PublikacjaThe paper continues the analysis of vacuum Rabi oscillations we started in part I [Phys. Rev. A 79, 033836 (2009)]. Here we concentrate on experimental consequences for cavity QED of two different classes of representations of harmonic-oscillator Lie algebras. The zero-temperature master equation, derived in part I for irreducible representations of the algebra, is reformulated in a reducible representation that models electromagnetic...
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Direct elemental analysis of honeys by atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated in contact with a flowing liquid cathode
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Electric properties of an Au-CuPc-Au sandwich system: Direct current and low signal admittance studies
PublikacjaPraca przedstawia wyniki pomiarów stałoprądowych i niskosygnałowej admitancji układu złoto/ftalocyjanina miedzi/złoto. Obserwowana asymetria charakterystyk stałoprądowych sugeruje, że prąd elektryczny płynący przez układ jest prądem ograniczonym elektrodowo i wydajność wstrzykiwania dziur jest uwarunkowana kolejnością nanoszenia warstw. W przypadku wstrzykiwania dziur przez bardziej regularną międzypowierzchnię (tj. gdy ftalocyjanina...
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Electroactive polymer/graphene oxide nanostructured composites; evidence for direct chemical interactions between PEDOT and GOx
PublikacjaThis work concerns electrochemical synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of conducting polymer and reduced graphene oxide (rGOx) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrosynthesis was performed in an aqueous solution of the 3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (EDOT) monomer and graphene oxide (GOx) without supporting electrolyte. The amount of GOx was optimized to obtain the best electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite...
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Direct solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry for the determination of biogenic amines in wine
PublikacjaA direct method based on immersion solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME) gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized and validated for the determination of 16 biogenic amines in Polish wines. In the analysis two internal standards were used: 1,7-diaminoheptane and bis-3-aminopropylamine. The method allows for simultaneous extraction and derivatization, providing a simple and fast mode of extraction and enrichment....
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Direct Response to Proton Beam Linear Energy Transfer (LET) in a Novel Polymer Gel Dosimeter Formulation
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Four-state measurement method for direct-reading noise figure measurement of low-gain two-ports.
PublikacjaOmówiono problemy techniczne pomiaru współczynnika szumu dwuwrotników o małym wzmocnieniu mocy dysponowanej realizowanych przy stosowaniu znanych metod pomiaru współczynnika szumu. Przedstawiono nową czterostanową metodę pomiaru umożliwiającą uniezależnienie wskazań automatycznego miernika współczynnika szumu zarówno od wartośći wzmocnienia dwuwrotnika badanego jak i współczynnika szumu odbiornika pomiarowego. Wyprowadzone zależności...
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A novel concept of enhanced direct-contact condensation of vapour- inert gas mixture in a spray ejector condenser
PublikacjaAn analytical model of direct steam condensation (DCC) in the novel idea of spray ejector condenser (SEC) in the presence of inert gas has been developed. It is based on continuity, momentum and energy equations for the steam-carbon dioxide mixture and direct contact condensation mechanisms due to heat transfer and concentration. Crucial in the process of DCC is atomisation of the motive fluid in the ejector. The effect of atomised...
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Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells
PublikacjaA crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite membrane was developed through a phase inversion process for use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs). The titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into the PVA polymer matrix to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The membrane samples were further modified with maleic acid, a carboxylic acid acting as the cross-linker,...