Search results for: WASTE TIRE PYROLYSIS OIL, SMALL GAS TURBINE, EMISSION
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Effect of ground tire rubber on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foams
PublicationFlexible polyurethane foams were modified with two kinds of ground tire rubber, untreated and thermo-mechanically reclaimed. A reclamation process was performed in auto-thermal conditions, which reduced the cost of the process and decreased the environmental impact of devulcanization (e.g., emission of gases). The reclamation process was carried out in a continuous manner using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The foams were...
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Recycling of Waste Rubber by the Manufacturing of Foamed Polyurethane-Based Composites—Current State and Perspectives
PublicationWorn car tires are disruptive waste, and the issue of their management is crucial for the natural environment. In many countries, the primary method of end-of-life tires utilization is energy recovery. However, more effective and beneficial for the environment is material recycling. Using them for the production of polymer-rubber composites seems to be an auspicious direction of research. Incorporation of ground tire rubber into...
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Comparative study of a combined heat and power plant retrofitted by CO2 capture during the combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification versus zero-emission combustion of hydrogen produced using renewables
PublicationWith ecological requirements aimed at limiting the production of CO2, it is necessary to produce all, or most of the energy from RES. During the transformation process, ecological and highly efficient combustion power plants will be needed. The classic cycle of combined heat and power (CCGT) with green improvements will continue to be one of the most suitable technologies for this task. This article presents the modernization of...
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Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Municipal Waste into Useful Energy Using Advanced HiTAG/HiTSG Technology
PublicationAn advanced thermal conversion system involving high-temperature gasification of biomass and municipal waste into biofuel, syngas or hydrogen-rich gas is presented in this paper. The decomposition of solid biomass and wastes by gasification is carried out experimentally with a modern and innovative regenerator and updraft continuous gasifier, among others. A ceramic high-cycle regenerator provides extra energy for the thermal conversion...
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HOW EFFICIENT IS NOISE LABELING OF TIRES?
PublicationSince 2012 all new tires in Europe must be labeled. The label contains general information about tire performance concerning rolling resistance (that corresponds to fuel economy), noise emission and wet grip (only for passenger car tires). Measurements of noise performance of tires must be performed according to the Annex 3 of the Regulation No 117 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations. The regulation specifies...
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Wybrane zagadnienia przepływowe turbiny gazowej pracującej w tłoczni gazu ziemnego.
PublicationW niniejszym artykule przedstawiono cieplno-przepływowe obliczenia turbiny gazowej, stanowiącej napęd sprężarki w tłoczni gazu ziemnego. Wartości parametrów wejściowych niezbędnych do przeprowadzenia obliczeń przyjęto na podstawie danych technicznych tłoczni zasilających polski odcinek gazociągu tranzytowego Jamał-Europa, w których pracują turbiny gazowe SGT-600 firmy Siemens, o mocy 25,3 MW.
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Polyurethane/ground tire rubber composite foams based on polyglycerol: processing, mechanical and thermal properties
PublicationDuring the synthesis of rigid polyurethane foams, petrochemical polyol was substituted with polyglycerol, the product of thermo-catalytic polycondensation of waste glycerol, resulting from biodiesel production. Two types of ground tire rubbers, untreated and thermo-mechanically reclaimed, were used to obtain ‘‘green’’ polyurethane-polyglycerol composite foams. Samples were prepared by a single-step method for the ratio of NCO/OH...
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Recycling of Waste Rubber by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment in a Twin-Screw Extruder
PublicationRecycling of waste tires is a significant issue considering both environmental and economic aspects. One of the leading recycling routes is the shredding of tires resulting in the generation of ground tire rubber. This material can be easily introduced into various polymer matrices as a filler, reducing the use of conventionally applied petroleum-based materials. In such cases, it is essential to ensure sufficient interfacial compatibility,...
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Ground tire rubber functionalization as a promising approach for the production of sustainable adsorbents of environmental pollutants
PublicationWaste tires management and further utilization are currently one of the biggest concerns regarding the environment and human health protection. At present, shredding, grinding, or pulverization of waste tires are the most popular options for industrial recycling. Although many solutions for ground tire rubber (GTR) applications were checked and verified so far, their further implementation at an industrial scale is still very limited....
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Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan-Based Polyurethane Flexible Foams
PublicationThe use of shrimp waste to obtain chitosan (Ch) is an essential issue, considering a circular economy, waste management, and its application to environmentally friendly materials. In this study, northern prawn shells were utilized to obtain Ch, which could then be used for synthesizing chitosan-based polyurethane (PUR+Ch) foams with different Ch concentration. The chemical structure, morphology, hardness, thermal properties, viscoelastic...
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Enhanced interfacial and mechanical performance of styrene-butadiene rubber/silica composites compatibilized by soybean oil derived silanized plasticization
PublicationSilanized plasticizer (SP) was chemically derived and synthesized from soybean oil (SBO) co-vulcanized with bis-(3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) by using the sulfur-accelerated curing system. SP extended styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica composites have been studied for their improved filler dispersion through coupling interaction at the SBR/silica interface. The effect of SP on cross-link density, thermal,...
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Gas turbines – technological development and potential use in CAES systems
PublicationThis article briefly describes Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), focusing on the technological development of one of the key elements of such systems – the gas turbines. It presents the basic parameters and features of gas turbines, as well as turbine classes with example models. Main tendencies in the structural and technological development are discussed. Changes and trends on electric energy markets are becoming more and...
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Recycling of waste tires in the light of binding law in Poland
PublicationA risings of large quantities of used rubber products, especially used tires has been increasing every year in Poland, in 2006 it was 160 thousand. The waste management and recycling of used tires become a major environmental problem. Well known methods of utilization of used tires are presented in this article. The main problem is ignorance of the law by tyre manufactures and users. In Poland first act on waste introduces ban...
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The Course and the Effects of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis in the Production of High-Calorific Biochar
PublicationThe thermal pyrolysis of agriculture biomass has been studied in a fixed-bed reactor, wherethe pyrolysis was conducted at a steady temperature of 800◦C. This work analyses the pyrolysisproducts of six agricultural wastes: pistachio husks, walnut husks, sunflower hulls, buckwheat husks,corncobs and coconut shells. The conducted research compared examples of large waste biomassstreams from different parts of the world as a potential...
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Gasification of Densified Biomass (DB) and Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Using HTA/SG Technology
PublicationThe necessity of economical and rational use of natural energy sources caused a rapid development of research on the possibilities of using non‐conventional energy resources. Taking the above into account, a new technological process of thermochemical conversion of biomass and communal waste, commonly known as High Temperature Air/Steam Gasification (HTA/SG) and Multi‐Staged Enthalpy Extraction Technology (HTAG‐MEET), was developed....
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Forecast of basic fuel prices in imports to Poland (constant prices in USD in 2007)
Open Research DataThis dataset presents price growth forecasts for conventional energy sources. It should be noted that the Ministry of Economy forecasts a more than two-fold increase in oil prices (although these forecasts may be greatly underestimated) over 23 years, an almost two-fold increase in natural gas prices and a 40% increase in coal prices.
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LEGAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION IN A FLOATING POWER PLANT
PublicationThis paper discusses the characteristics of pollution and legal regulations governing investment projects affecting the environment. It describes a combined system of a compression ignition engine and a steam turbine, whose aim, when placed on a floating platform, is to produce electric energy in a so-called distributed generation system. Such a system involves a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a connected steam turbine...
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Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives—Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation before Road Construction
PublicationTo improve the in situ soil stabilization, different chemical additives are used (ion exchange compounds, additives based on H2SO4 or vinyl polymers, and organic additives using lignosul- fonates). One interesting alternative is the production of additives from various waste materials. The extensive testing of waste-based blends with soil was performed; the mechanical (unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) and hydraulic (capillary...
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Ocena wpływu dodatku oliwy z oliwek na degradację termiczną rafinowanego oleju rzepakowego
PublicationTłuszcze jadalne to ważny składnik diety człowieka. Mają one znaczący wpływ na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie ludzkiego organizmu. Podczas smażenia olej podlega przemianom chemicznym, dlatego spożywane tłuszcze powinny charakteryzować się jak największą stabilności oksydacyjnej. Celem prowadzonych badań było określenie jakości olejów rzepakowego, mieszanego oraz rafinowanej oliwy z oliwek, pochodzących z rynku krajowego. Podczas badań...
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Polyethylene as a small vessel's building material
PublicationThe most common use of polyethylene we can notice nowadays are areas like water supply systems, gas industry (esp. gas piping), food industry, small-scale, light and consumer goods industries. That material has far more applications. One of them is shipbuilding - especially small inland or offshore vessels.
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"Shadow" method application within endoscopic examinations of marine engines
PublicationThe paper deals with diagnostic issues concerning endoscopic examinations of the working spaces within marine diesel and gas turbine engines. In the beginning, the endoscopy apparatus being on the laboratory equipment of the Department of Ship Power Plants of Gdansk University of Technology in Poland has been characterized. The endoscopy considerations have been focused on theoretical bases of a digital image processing and especially...
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"Shadow" method application within endoscopic examinations of marine engines
PublicationThe paper deals with diagnostic issues concerning endoscopic examinations of the working spaces within marine diesel and gas turbine engines. In the beginning, the endoscopy apparatus being on the laboratory equipment of the Department of Ship Power Plants of Gdansk University of Technology in Poland has been characterized. The endoscopy considerations have been focused on theoretical bases of a digital image processing and especially...
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Poland’s energy dependence - economic context
Open Research DataPoland does not have vast resources of non-renewable energy and no nuclear power plant, therefore the issue of the energy dependence of the state, which affects the level of energy security of the country, is an extremely important factor. It depends on both the volume of imports of energy raw materials and the policy of diversification of sources of...
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“Shadow” vs. “Phase 3D” method within endoscopic examinations of marine engines
PublicationA visual investigation of surfaces creating internal, working spaces of marine combustion engines by means of specialized view-finders so called endoscopes is at present almost a basic method of technical diag-nostics. The surface structure of constructional material is visible during investigations like through the magnifying glass (usually with a precisely determined magnification), which makes possible a detection, recognition...
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Stirling engines - the state of technology development and computational models
PublicationStirling engines represent a technologically important solution in combined heat and power systems. Their use enables the achievement of over 90 percent efficiency in the management of the primary energy source with a very high durability of the device, mainly due to the lack of contact of the working gas with external factors and a very small number of mechanical components. The use of a Stirling engine may be equally important...
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Comparative study of a bottoming SRC and ORC for Joule–Brayton cycle cooling modular HTR exergy losses, fluid-flow machinery main dimensions, and partial loads
PublicationEnergy conversion efficiency increase in power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors via implementation of the bottoming cycle was investigated under nominal and minimal thermal load of a high-temperature reactor (HTR). Heat transfer surface area and turbine outlet volumetric flow rate in bottoming cycles was also investigated. Water and two low-boiling point working fluids (ammonia and ethanol) were analyzed. Analyzed...
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Organic Supercritical Thermodynamic Cycles with Isothermal Turbine
PublicationOrganic Rankine cycles (ORC) are quite popular, but the overall efficiencies of these plants are rather very low. Numerous studies have been conducted in many scientific centers and research centers to improve the efficiency of such cycles. The research concerns both the modification of the cycle and the increase in the parameters of the medium at the inlet to the turbine. However, the efficiency of even these modified cycles rarely...
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Experimental ORC micro-power plant for CHP application Part B: Radial and Multi-stage axial turbines
PublicationThe co-generative micro-power plant with the HFE7100 applied as a working medium was designed and built for experimental investigations. Special attention is paid to a micro-turbine which was built and tested in two variants: a radial turbine and an axial turbine. A concept of a radial turbine with 2 centripetal and 2 centrifugal stages is shown. This prototype was equipped with an aerostatic gas bearing and, alternatively, with...
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Recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as Construction Material in Civil Engineering: A Review
PublicationIn general, the quantity of plastics of all types consumed annually all over the world has been growing in a phenomenal way. The manufacturing processes, service industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW) generate numerous waste plastic materials. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. It is believed that the management of solid...
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Comprehensive analysis of low-temperature methods for reclaiming of ground tire rubber
PublicationManagement of waste tires has become an important topic for decades. The lack of an effective method to manage the materials as mentioned above leads to illegal landfills. This problematic waste can be divided into two main categories depending on the physical condition of the waste: (i) partially used tires; (ii) end-of-life tires. While the first group can be reused or retreaded, the second group requires special measures to...
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Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review
PublicationIn this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive...
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Identification of damages in the inlet air duct of a diesel engine based on exhaust gas temperature measurements
PublicationThe temperature of the exhaust gas of a diesel piston engine, measured in the characteristic control sections of its thermo-flow system, can be a valuable source of diagnostic information about the technical condition of the elements limiting the working spaces thus separated, including the turbocharging system, but also its fuel supply system and replacement of the medium. In standard marine engine measurement systems equipped...
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Concentration of Potentially Bioactive Compounds in Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Various Sources by Using LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis
PublicationHigh quality extra virgin olive oils represent an optimal source of nutraceuticals. The European Union (EU) is the world’s leading olive oil producer, with the Mediterranean region as the main contributor. This makes the EU the greatest exporter and consumer of olive oil in the world. However, small olive oil producers also contribute to olive oil production. Beneficial effects on human health of extra virgin olive oil are well...
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków = Waste heat utilisation from cogeneration set in sewage plant
PublicationW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublicationW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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Low and high energy explosive materials used in shale gas recovery
PublicationNowadays the explosives are widely used in many areas of life, including industry and mining. A wide range of explosive materials is used in the petroleum industry - from low to high explosives. Recently, as the unconventional oil and gas production became possible, explosives are also found to be used in perforators during the pre-completion stage of the fracturing process. This paper presents literature on theoretical and practical...
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A commercial gas boiler fitted with the ORC module as perspective solution for households
PublicationIn this paper the applicability of the commercial gas boiler (De Dietrich DTG X23N) coupled with the laboratory prototype micro ORC setup was experimentally studied. The main objective was to determine the working fluid capability to obtain required temperatures of vapour prior to the turbine, attainable heat rates and efficiencies of the whole system. The boiler thermal power was 25 kW. Tests were carried out with a single stage...
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A new method and equipment for the detection of presence and estimation of the content of the petroleum-based fraction in lubricating oils, especially those emitted to the atmosphere
PublicationLubricating oil, used in cutting equipment, works in the so-called open lubrication system and is entirely emitted to the environment. When such an oil contains even a small portion of the crude oil-derived fraction, which is still very common, the oil is a serious environmental pollution. In addition, the oil mist poses a serious threat to the health of employees. Current legal regulations require users of saws and harvesters...
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Experimental research on helical coil biomass boiler with oil as a heating fluid
PublicationThis paper presents an experimental research of helical coil biomass boiler with thermal oil heating agent. Heat exchanger consists of two coaxial helical coils swept by the flue gases. The burner is a single vertical retort connected to the fuel tank (wooden pellets). The boiler is a part of micro-power plant in which the heat from the boiler is exchanged with low-boiling HFE7100 to produce steam for a custom steam turbine. The...
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Effect of gelation and storage conditions on the oxidative stability of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems
PublicationIncreased interest in the use of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems for medical, cosmetic and food purposes, promotes the development of research on their physical and chemical stability, and the safety of use. Here, we have for the first time evaluated the oxidative stability of linseed oil dispersed in the microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and their gelled systems, stored under different conditions, and compared to the...
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Evaluation of structural change during fast transformation process of cross-linked NR into liquid NR by light pyrolysis
PublicationThe presence of cross-linked networks in rubber creates a tremendous problem for recycling and reusing of waste rubber. Fast transformation of cross-linked natural rubber (NR) into liquid natural rubber was carried out by light pyrolysis in temperature range from 240 to 300 °C in variable time (in range: 1–30 min). The transformation efficiency was evaluated by measuring the sol fraction and the cross-link density of the gel fraction....
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Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode
PublicationConventional fossil fuels are being substituted with alternative green fuels because of their greenhouse gas emissions and pollution problems, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Several studies have reported the usage of biodiesel and gaseous fuels in both single and dual-fuel modes. Gaseous fuels such as producer gas, biogas, syngas, and hydrogen produced from renewable biomass could potentially be used along with...
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HISTORY OF INITIAL ENERGY AND WATER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN QATAR
PublicationQatar: A country which had to be associated with neighboring countries like UAE or Saudi Arabia for people to know about it, stands proud today due to the ample production and exporting of Black Gold. A country with almost no vegetation or suitable weather to harvest crops, turned from being heavily dependent on trading Pearls to exporting natural oil and gas to all over the globe. The paper outlines in details the history of the...
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New developments in preparation and use of standard gas mixtures
PublicationStandard gas mixtures are commonly applied in all stages of analytical work related to the analysis of gaseous samples. Numerous techniques for generating standard gas mixtures are in use. In this article, we present new developments regarding the production of standard gas mixtures, with particular focus on improvements in the application of dynamic techniques for generating them. Furthermore, we describe the application of new...
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Determination of odour concentration by TD-GC×GC–TOF-MS and field olfactometry techniques
PublicationField olfactometry is one of the sensory techniques used to determine odour concentration, in atmospheric air, directly in emission sources. A two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC–TOF-MS) allows performing the chemical characterization of various groups of chemical compounds, even in complex mixtures. Application of these techniques enabled determination of odour concentration level in...
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Spectroscopic study of atmospheric pressure 915 MHz microwave plasma at high argon flow rate
PublicationIn this paper results of optical emission spectroscopic (OES) study of atmospheric pressure microwave 915 MHz argon plasma are presented. The plasma was generated in microwave plasma source (MPS) cavity- resonant type. The aim of research was determination of electron excitation temperature Texc gas temperature Tg and electron number density ne. All experimental tests were performed with a gas flow rate of 100 and 200 l/min and...
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A review on recent advances in the application of biosurfactants in wastewater treatment
PublicationMicroorganisms produce a variety of non-conventional surface-active molecules, known as biosurfactants. The biosurfactants find diverse applications in the oil industry, agriculture, emulsifiers, and wastewater treatment, to name a few. Since they are produced from microbes, advantages such as biodegradability, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility can be leveraged compared to the chemical surfactants. Recently, biosurfactants...
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR CELL MATERIALS
PublicationIn today’s world, fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and gas, are the primary energy sources from which electricity is obtained. As they are exhaustible and their exploitation has a negative impact on the natural environment, they should be, at least partially, replaced by renewable energy sources. One of these sources is solar energy. The use of solar energy releases no CO2, SO2, or NO2 gases, and does not contribute to global...
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Occurrence and Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in Landfill Leachate and Gas
PublicationIn landfills containing biological matter volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are generated at high rate at the early stage of waste disposal and their content in leachate is high as compared to the leachate from old parts of landfill since they are converted to methane gas. Monitoring of the leachate for the content of VFAs can help determine the processes occurring in waste and possible effect of the leachate on the environment in the...
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Occurrence and Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in Landfill Leachate and Gas
PublicationIn landfills containing biological matter volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are generated at high rate at the early stage of waste disposal and their content in leachate is high as compared to the leachate from old parts of landfill since they are converted to methane gas. Monitoring of the leachate for the content of VFAs can help determine the processes occurring in waste and possible effect of the leachate on the environment in the...