Filters
total: 4607
-
Catalog
- Publications 1340 available results
- Journals 92 available results
- Publishing Houses 2 available results
- People 132 available results
- Inventions 19 available results
- Projects 26 available results
- Research Teams 1 available results
- Research Equipment 1 available results
- e-Learning Courses 164 available results
- Events 109 available results
- Open Research Data 2721 available results
displaying 1000 best results Help
Search results for: PEO
-
EXAMINING INFLUENCE OF VIDEO FRAMERATE AND AUDIO/VIDEO SYNCHRONIZATION ON AUDIO-VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION ACCURACY
PublicationThe problem of video framerate and audio/video synchronization in audio-visual speech recognition is considered. The visual features are added to the acoustic parameters in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition in noisy conditions. The Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients are used on the acoustic side whereas Active Appearance Model features are extracted from the image. The feature fusion approach is employed. The...
-
EXAMINING INFLUENCE OF VIDEO FRAMERATE AND AUDIO/VIDEO SYNCHRONIZATION ON AUDIO-VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION ACCURACY
PublicationThe problem of video framerate and audio/video synchronization in audio-visual speech recogni-tion is considered. The visual features are added to the acoustic parameters in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition in noisy conditions. The Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients are used on the acoustic side whereas Active Appearance Model features are extracted from the image. The feature fusion approach is employed. The...
-
Are Pair Trading Strategies Profitable During COVID-19 Period?
PublicationPair trading strategy is a well-known profitable strategy in stock, forex, and commodity markets. As most of the world stock markets declined during COVID-19 period, therefore this study is going to observe whether this strategy is still profitable after COVID-19 pandemic. One of the powerful algorithms of DBSCAN under the umbrella of unsupervised machine learning is applied and three clusters were formed by using market and accounting...
-
Analysis of road accident causes in the voivodships in the years 2014-2021 in the aspect of socio-economic costs – towards the implementation of sustainable development
PublicationThe article addresses the topic of road safety. The objective of the research was to assess road accidents caused by voivodships. The analysis took account of the socio-economic differences in the voivodships, which deter-mine the unit costs of fatalities and injuries. A descriptive analysis is given to show the dynamics of changes in the years 2014-2021 in the voivodships and how different factors influenced change. The article...
-
Paweł Tysiąc dr inż.
PeopleHe was born on March 25, 1992 in Gdańsk. After graduating from Junior High School No. 32, he attended the VIII Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. National Education Commission in Gdańsk, classes with a mathematical and geographical profile, obtaining a secondary school-leaving examination certificate in 2011. Then, in 2011-2016, he continued his studies at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the Gdańsk University of...
-
Catching-up and club convergence from cross-national perspective. A statistical study for the period 1980-2010
PublicationArtykuł o charakterze empirycznym, w którym podjęto analizę konwergencji 101 gospodarek świata pod względem poziomu PKB per capita. Analizę przeprowadzono dla lat 1980-2010. Dodatkowo, w ramach analizy empirycznej, zidentyfikowano tzw. kluby konwergencji ekonomicznej, tj. grupy krajów, które ''zbliżały się'' do siebie pod względem poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego w latach 1980-2010.
-
Nutraceutical value of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) and its influence on some indices of atherosclerosis in an experiment on rats fed cholesterol-containing diet
PublicationThe nutraceutic value of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Triumph) and its influence on some indices of atherosclerosis were studied in vitro and in experiment on rats fed cholesterol-containing diet. It was found that persimmon possesses a high nutraceutical value: it contains soluble fibers, total polyphenols and phe - nolic acids. The content of dietary fiberwas 1.83 ± 0.11, 0.69 ± 0.07 and 1.14 ± 0.12 g/100 g fresh weight...
-
Luminescence properties of different Eu sites in LiMgPO4:Eu2+, Eu3+
Publication -
Adsorption study of surfactants and biosurfactants mixtures at different interfaces
PublicationZbadano napięcia powierzchniowe i międzyfazowe roztworów mieszaniny surfaktantów niejonowych (Rokanol L7 i Rokanol NL8) i biosurfaktantu (JBR 425) i ich mieszanin. Olejową fazę stanowił dodekan oraz olej bazowy PAO. Wykazano synergizm wartości napięcia międzyfazowego przy CMC jedynie w przypadku mieszaniny Rokanolu L7 i JBR 425 i tylko dla granicy faz olej/woda.
-
Metody analizy szumu telegrafistów przyrządów półprzewodnikowych
PublicationScharakteryzowano szum telegrafistów (Random Telegraph Signal - RTS), który może występować w szumie własnym przyrządów półprze-wodnikowych, jako składowa niegaussowska. Podkreślono, że szum telegrafistów jest efektem defektów materiałów zastosowanych w produk-cji przyrządów półprzewodnikowych lub nieprawidłowości procesu pro-dukcyjnego. Przedstawiono metody identyfikacji wielopoziomowego szumu telegrafistów, na przykładzie przebiegów...
-
Trace Elements in Aquatic Environments
PublicationA trace element is defined as a chemical element whose the average concentration is less than 100 ppm (mg/kg, mg/L – in the case of a water matrix). In aquatic environments the concentrations of trace elements are usually at the level of picomoles per liter and lower. This causes extreme analytical problems, especially in situations where low content is in the range of background levels. Taking into account the role of trace elements...
-
Computer-aided Analysis of Induced Sheath Voltages in High Voltage Power Cable System
PublicationThis paper concerns the effect of configuration of high voltage power cables on induced voltages in their metallic sheaths. One, two or three cables per phase and phase sequence of the cables are considered. Computing of the voltages was performed for a normal operation and in case of earth fault. Various ways of the sheaths bonding are considered as well. Shock hazard and voltage stress of non-metallic outer sheath of cables are...
-
Analiza bezpieczeństwa usług i transakcji w systemach informatycznych
PublicationOmówiono zasady zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa usług elektronicznych w archi-tekturze klient - serwer w oparciu o SSL, podpis elektroniczny, PKI, certy-fikaty. Przedstawiono metodę analizy bezpieczeństwa w oparciu o przyjętą worganizacji politykę bezpieczeństwa, zastosowane modele i wykorzystane pro-cedury testowania. Celem tych rozważań jest określenie możliwości oceny iwyboru odpowiednich środków zapewniających bezpieczeństwo...
-
Membrane Solid Phase Microextraction - a new concept of sorbent preparation
PublicationOpracowano nowy układ sorpcyjny do izolacji i/lub wzbogacania polarnych analitów organicznych z próbek wody z zastosowaniem techniki solid phase microextraction (SPME). Układ bazuje na oddzieleniu sorbentu polarnego od próbki za pomocą membrany hydrofobowej. Próbnik membrane-SPME (M-SPME) sporządzono z zastosowaniem polietylenoglikolu (PEG)o masie cząsteczkowej 20 kDa. Polimer ten jest rozpuszczalny w wodzie i w typowych warunkach...
-
Market Structure and Market Power in Selected Sectors of The Polish Economy Based on COICOP Classification
PublicationThis paper present new and simple measures of market structure and market power. Based on the classical models of market structures, where a given structure is determined by the number of enterprises, indexes of degree of monopoly have been estimated, representing an average number of entities per branch. Additionally, market power indexes have been determined as an average revenue per an enterprise in a given branch. This approach...
-
The pulsed laser ablation synthesis of colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles for the enhancement of TiO2 nanotubes photo-activity
PublicationThe rapid, only a few minutes long synthesis of FeO, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3nanoparticles mixture utilizing the pulsedlaser ablation using simply pure iron target and water was demonstrated. The size and crystal phase of Fe-basedNPs were characterized using DLS and HR-TEM techniques, respectively. The metastable suspension of FeO,Fe3O4, and Fe2O3nanoparticles was used to the decoration of anodized TiO2nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) by means ofthe...
-
Acoustic lifecycle study of the double-layer porous asphalt on E4 in Huskvarna, Sweden
PublicationIn 2010 a double-layer porous asphalt concrete (DPAC) pavement was constructed on the E4 motorway through the Swedish city Huskvarna. Earlier experience in Sweden indicated that it was feasible to obtain a high initial noise reduction but due to the widespread use of studded tires in winter, clogging and ravelling created losses of around 2 dB per year, with an expected acoustical lifetime of only 3 years. However, the improved...
-
UV-induced electron transfer between triethylamine and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine. A puzzle concerning the photochemical debromination of labeled DNA
Publication5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) photosensitizes DNA to strand break formation. However, this type of photodamage is completely quenched by the presence of triethylamine (TEA) which originates from RP-HPLC purification commonly employed by oligonucleotide providers. While the presence of TEA in oligonucleotide samples does not interfere with PCR or other molecular biology applications, the mechanism of photochemical reaction proceeding...
-
Digital transformation and economic growth - DESI improvement and implementation
PublicationThe paper aims to improve the methodology of the Digital Economic and Society Index (DESI), the European Commission’s newest index to assess the development of the digital economy. In particular, we investigate whether methodological changes to the structure of DESI improve its ability to capture the digital transformation of EU economies. Using the sensitivity- based analysis, we check whether the selection of weights of individual...
-
Implication of the disulfide bridge in trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 in its interaction with serine proteinases
PublicationFourteen monocyclic analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 isolated from sunflower seeds were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The purpose of this work was to establish the role of a disulfide bridge present in inhibitor's side chains of Cys3 and Cys11 in association with serine proteinases. This cyclic fragment was replaced by the disulfide bridges formed by L-pencillamine (Pen), homo-L-cysteine (Hcy), N-sulfanylethylglycine...
-
Assessment of hearing in coma patients employing auditory brainstem response, electroencephalography, and eye-gaze-tracking
PublicationThe results of the study conducted by Tagliaferri et al. in 12 European countries indicate that the ratio of registered brain injury cases in Europe amounts to 150-300 per 100 000 people, with the European mean value of 235 cases per 100 000 people. The project presented in the paper assumes development of a combined metric of patients’ state remaining in coma by intelligent fusion of GCS (subjective Glasgow Coma Scale or its derivatives)...
-
Minimizing Distribution and Data Loading Overheads in Parallel Training of DNN Acoustic Models with Frequent Parameter Averaging
PublicationIn the paper we investigate the performance of parallel deep neural network training with parameter averaging for acoustic modeling in Kaldi, a popular automatic speech recognition toolkit. We describe experiments based on training a recurrent neural network with 4 layers of 800 LSTM hidden states on a 100-hour corpora of annotated Polish speech data. We propose a MPI-based modification of the training program which minimizes the...
-
Position and velocity measurement using incremental encoder and microcontroller.
PublicationThere is presented measurement of position and velocity using Atmel's microcontroller ATTiny2313 with 20 MHz clock and encoder with 1024 pulses per revolution. This configuration allows measuring maximum speed 48800 rpm with 1x accuracy, 20200 rpm with 2x accuracy and 9400 rpm with 4x accuracy (quadrature). Position is measured with resolution of 0.352', 0.176' and 0.088' for 1x, 2x, 4x accuracy respectively. Algorithms of position...
-
Energia aktywacji i mechanizm przewodzenia w polimerowych czujnikach wilgotności z polietylenoiminy
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań polimerowych czujników wilgotności z chemicznie modyfikowanej polietylenoiminy (PEI). W oparciu o zależność rezystancji filmów polimerowych od temperatury i wilgotności względnej powietrza wyznaczono wartości energii aktywacji związanej z jonowym przeniesieniem ładunku. Dokonano oceny wpływu rodzaju zastosowanego podłoża i odczynnika sieciującego na trwałość, właściwości elektryczne oraz na wartości energii...
-
Photogrammetric and computerized report on site model in feasibility study of navigability channel on vistula spit
PublicationIn the report the authors present a course of geodesic and geo-computerized works upon realization of feasibility study of navigability channel on Vistula Spit. A procedure of acquiring verification and modeling of data for requirements of a numeric model of a bottom and site has been presented with construction of original software for 3D visualization of the Vistula Spit area. The activities described in the report can be...
-
ROZLICZENIA ZA ENERGIĘ BIERNĄ W TARYFACH OPERATORÓW W POLSCE
PublicationW artykule opisano aktualny sposób rozliczeń za energię bierną stosowany w taryfach operatorów sieci dystrybucyj¬nych w Polsce. Dokonano krytycznej oceny obecnych rozwiązań. Przeanalizowano zagadnienia związane z motywacyjnym oddziały¬waniem obecnych rozwiązań na odbiorców. Zasygnalizowano pro¬blemy pojawiające się w związku z przyłączaniem rozproszonych wytwórców do sieci dystrybucyjnych oraz wyzwania związane z rozliczaniem prosumentów.
-
For Your Eyes Only – Biometric Protection of PDF Documents
PublicationThe paper introduces a concept of a digital document content encryption/decryption with facial biometric data coming from a legitimate user. Access to the document content is simple and straightforward, especially during collaborative work with mobile devices equipped with cameras. Various contexts of document exchange are presented with regard to the next generation pro-active digital documents proposed by authors. An important...
-
Broadcast copies reveal the quantumness of correlations
PublicationWe study the quantumness of bipartite correlations by proposing a quantity that combines a measure of total correlations-mutual information-with the notion of broadcast copies-i.e., generally nonfactorized copies-of bipartite states. By analyzing how our quantity increases with the number of broadcast copies, we are able to classify classical, separable, and entangled states. This motivates the definition of the broadcast regularization...
-
Procesualne kryteria oceny zrównoważonego projektowania architektonicznego
Publicationimportance of participation in sustainable design is constantly increasing, as sustainable design becomes a basic idea in architecture. thus mentioning of sustainable design process criteria is authorized. they consist of three following levels: 1) participation in design, 2) participation design, 3) participation design based on the consensus. there is differentia specifica of participation in participatory design because of...
-
Innowacje w standardach okablowania strukturalnego
PublicationW pracy oceniono zasadność realizacji w najbliższych latach okablowania sieci teleinformatycznych w technologiach miedzianych. Przedstawiono stan standaryzacji okablowania miedzianego. Wskazano na rozwiązania, w tym nowe, inowacyjne (IEEE 802.3at PoE 2009, ANSI/TIA-568-B.2-10 2008, Amendment 1 to ISO/IEC 11801 2nd Ed. 2008, IEEE 802.3ap backplane 2007, autonegocjacje 2008), których stosowanie umacnia rolę instalacji miedzianych...
-
Comparison of Redox Properties of Flavonoid Aglycones and Corresponding Glycosides and Their Mixtures in the Cellular Model
PublicationFlavonoids are polyphenolic compounds commonly found in plants. As dietary components, they have been shown to exhibit numerous pro-health properties that are believed to be associated with their antioxidant effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of four flavonoid compounds was determined by cellular antioxidant activity assay using HT29 cells as a model of the alimentary tract. The strongest impact on cellular redox...
-
Method of Skeletal System Modelling
PublicationAn original method of skeletal system modelling is presented in detail. Using DICOM images obtained from CT and PET tests, shell models of nine bones were created (humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, clavicle, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis). Two methods of bone behaviour are also proposed, the first method treating the bone as a solid structure and the second method treating the bone as a complex porous structure. The behaviour of model...
-
Wydatki na opiekę zdrowotna a wskaźniki zdrowotne na przykładzie wybranych państw OECD
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono korelację pomiędzy wydatkami na opiekę zdrowotną na osobę w $, wydatkami na administrację opieki zdrowotnej i ubezpieczeń w $ per capita a wskaźnikami zdrowotnymi. Z analizy danych wynika że istnieje silna korelacja ujemna pomiędzy wydatkami a wskaźnikiem zgonów i wskaźnikiem śmiertelności niemowląt oraz dodatnia korelacja pomiędzy wydatkami a przewidywana długością życia, silniejsza w wielu państwach dla...
-
Discrete random variables in reliability calculations of a reticulated shell
PublicationImplementation of the Point Estimation Method (PEM) in the reliability analysis of a three-dimensional truss structure is presented in the paper. The influence of geometric and material random parameters on the truss load-carrying capacity was investigated. The analysis was performed for different combinations of basic variables. Symmetric and asymmetric cases of snow load were taken to assess the structural reliability. Sensitivity...
-
Acid-triggered release from sterically stabilized fusogenic liposomes via ahydrolytic DePEGylation strategy
PublicationOpracowano nowe, labilne w stosunku do kwasów, pochodne diplasmenylo-cholinysprzężone z glikolem polietylenowym (PEG) i zbadano ich wpływ na lipozomy.Opisano szybkość hydrolizy oraz szybkość uwalniania oraz kinetykę tworzenialipozomów DOPE stabilizowanych BVEP stosunków molowych BCEP/DOPE wynoszących1:99, 3:97 oraz 5:95. Zbadano widma 31P NMR, także dla układów z jonami Mn2+dla różnych wartości pH.
-
On the Transcendental Philosophy in the Light of the Kantian Aggregate - System Opposition
PublicationTh e article represents an attempt to determine the essence of critical philosophy in the light of Kantian distinction between aggregate and system. In order to achieve this, the article harks back to Kant’s work and to accomplishments of Marburg School of neo-Kantianism and particularly to Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy. Discrimination between aggregate and system as two possible types of knowledge representation rests on the precedent...
-
Synchronizacja wiedzy w systemach agentowych
PublicationAgenty inteligentne są jednym z komponentów stosowanych w pro- jektowaniu rozproszonych inteligentnych systemów obliczeniowych. W rozdziale wskazano istotne aspekty systemów agentowych, a na- stępnie omówiono wybrane metody synchronizacji wiedzy między agentami będącymi częścią systemu agentowego. Omówiono podej- ście właściwe dla agentów zaufanych oraz jego modyfikację dla agen- tów, które mogą celowo próbować wprowadzać inne...
-
Inhibitory endopeptydazy prolinowej pochodzące z białek żywności
PublicationBioaktywne peptydy pochodzące z białek żywności mają nie tylko znaczenie żywieniowe, ale szczególnie profilaktyczne i terapeutyczne w przypadku wielu chorób. Są to małocząsteczkowe fragmenty białek, które po uwolnieniu podczas hydrolizy mogą wykazywać m.in. właściwości przeciwcukrzycowe, przeciwnadciśnieniowe, przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, przeciwutleniające, immunomodulujące...
-
The condition of economies. Do most valuable global brands matter?
PublicationResearch background: Brands are considered to be the most valuable asset of a company. Some of them achieve spectacular global results. The significance of global brands is proved by the fact that their value is often greater than the sum of all company’s net assets. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to highlight that brand value does not only create company’s value, but also leverages economies. The Authors claim...
-
Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide via Surfactant-Assisted Microwave Method for Photocatalytic and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Applications
PublicationIn this study, titania nanoparticles were obtained using the microwave-assisted technique. Moreover, different surfactants (PEG (Mn = 400), Pluronic P123 and Triton X−100) were used during the synthesis in order to determine their impact on the crystallinity and morphology of the final products. Subsequently, techniques such as XRD, SEM and TEM (performed in high contrast and high-resolution mode), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy...
-
The influence of α,ω-diols and SiO2 particles on CO2 absorption and NH3 escaping during carbon dioxide capture in ammonia solutions
PublicationAmmonia solutions are widely used solvents for CO2 capture. However, a significant disadvantage of these solvents is secondary pollution of the purified gas stream by desorbed ammonia. In this work, α,ω-diols, and colloidal silica have been proposed to reduce this undesired effect. Ammonia solutions with the addition of ethylene glycol (EG), 1,3-propanediol (PRD), 1,4-butanediol (BUD), 1,5-pentanediol (PED), or 1,6-hexanediol (HED)...
-
Laser-Induced Graphitization of Polydopamine on Titania Nanotubes
PublicationSince the discovery of laser-induced graphite/graphene, there has been a notable surge of scientific interest in advancing diverse methodologies for their synthesis and applications. This study focuses on the utilization of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser to achieve graphitization of polydopamine (PDA) deposited on the surface of titania nanotubes. The partial graphitization is corroborated through Raman and XPS spectroscopies and supported...
-
Property-performance relationship of core-shell structured black TiO2 photocatalyst for environmental remediation
PublicationUnderstanding the relationship between the properties and performance of black titanium dioxide with core-shell structure (CSBT) for environmental remediation is crucial for improving its prospects in practical applications. In this study, CSBT was synthesized using a glycerol-assisted sol-gel approach. The effect of different water-to-glycerol ratios (W:G = 1:0, 9:1, 2:1, and 1:1) on the semiconducting and physicochemical properties...
-
Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Alloy AA6063-T5 by Vanadates: Local Surface Chemical Events Elucidated by Confocal Raman Micro-Spectroscopy
PublicationChemical interactions between aqueous vanadium species and aluminium alloy AA6063-T5 were investigated in vanadate-containing NaCl solutions. Confocal Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments were utilised to gain insight into the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by vanadates. A greenish-grey coloured surface layer, consisting of V+4 and V+5 polymerized species, was seen to form on the alloy surface, especially on...
-
Sintering Parameter Investigation for Bimetallic Stainless Steel 316L/Inconel 718 Composite Printed by Dual-Nozzle Fused Deposition Modeling
PublicationFused deposition modeling (FDM) nowadays offers promising future applications for fabricating not only thermoplastic-based polymers but also composite PLA/Metal alloy materials, this capability bridges the need for metallic components in complex manufacturing processes. The research is to explore the manufacturability of multi-metal parts by printing green bodies of PLA/multi-metal objects, carrying these objects to the debinding...
-
Understanding the Dominant Physics Mechanisms on the p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by Scalable Slot-Die Coating Process in Ambient Air
PublicationPerovskite solar cells (PSC) are emerging technologies that have shown continuous improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. However, a very important aspect that has been seldom considered is the reproducibility of PCE of PSC devices. It is possible to achieve PCE from 10.21% to 17.05% using scalable slot-die-coating technique. However, a spatial distribution of performance is clearly observed for device samples...
-
Ce site dilution effects in the antiferromagnetic heavy fermion CeIn3
PublicationLa-doped intermetallic single crystals of Ce1−xLaxIn3 were synthesized via an In self-flux method throughout the entire range (x = 0–1). The prototypical heavy-fermion compound CeIn3 shows an antiferromagnetic phase transition at 10.1 K and becomes superconducting near a critical pressure where TN is completely suppressed. As the La concentration increases, Ce moments are diluted, and the lattice constant increases linearly, satisfying Vegard’s...
-
Grzebowiska dla zwierząt w Polsce
PublicationW niniejszym artykule podjęto tematykę miejsc pochówku zwierząt. Problem został omówiony w odniesieniu do terenu Polski na tle przykładów z zagranicy. Współczesne grzebowiska dla zwierząt powstają w naszym kraju od niedawna i mimo że cmentarze dla zwierząt są u nas stosunkowo nowym zjawiskiem, to już teraz można dostrzec ich typowe cechy przestrzenne. Autorka, na co dzień zajmująca się zagadnieniami z dziedziny architektury, starała...
-
A facile approach to fabricate load-bearing porous polymer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
PublicationBiodegradable porous scaffolds with oriented interconnected pores and high mechanical are load-bearing biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Herein, we report a simple, non-toxic, and cost-effective method to fabricate high-strength porous biodegradable scaffolds, composed of a polymer matrix of polycaprolactone (PCL) and water-soluble poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a sacrificial material by integrating annealing treatment,...
-
Badanie możliwości odzysku i wykorzystania substancji pokarmowych z wód po- procesowych i ścieków z wybranych gałęzi przemysłu spożywczego.**2002, 132 s. 39 rys. 76 tab. bibliogr. 145 poz. maszyn. Rozprawa doktorska /29.05.2002/. P. Gdań., Wydz. Chemiczny. Promotor: prof. dr hab. inż. K. Mędrzycka.
Publication.