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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: cognitive biasof mistakes
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Intensive blood pressure lowering prevents mild cognitive impairment and possible dementia and slows development of white matter lesions in brain: the SPRINT Memory and Cognition IN Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT MIND) study
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Letter to the Editor: Discussion on the Paper “State-of-the-Art of Research on Seismic Pounding Between Buildings with Aligned Slabs”
PublikacjaThe paper “State-of-the-art of research on seismic pounding between buildings with aligned slabs” (by Kharazian and López-Almansa) has recently been published in the journal of Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. It can be considered as a kind of continuation of previous ‘state-of-the-art’ publications, including two papers and a book. Unfortunately, the paper contains a number of misleading or wrong statements as...
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Mining Knowledge of Respiratory Rate Quantification and Abnormal Pattern Prediction
PublikacjaThe described application of granular computing is motivated because cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major killer globally. There is increasing evidence that abnormal respiratory patterns might contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Consequently, a method that would support a physician in respiratory pattern evaluation should be developed. Group decision-making, tri-way reasoning, and rough set–based analysis...
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Autonomous Driver Based on an Intelligent System of Decision-Making
PublikacjaThe paper presents and discusses a system (xDriver) which uses an Intelligent System of Decision-making (ISD) for the task of car driving. The principal subject is the implementation, simulation and testing of the ISD system described earlier in our publications for the task of autonomous driving. The design of the whole ISD system is a result of a thorough modelling of human psychology based on an extensive literature study. Concepts...
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Neural network modelling of the influence of channelopathies on reflex visual attention
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The interpretation of the parameters of the equation used for the extrapolation of apparent molar volumes of the non-electrolyte (solutes) to the infinite dilution
PublikacjaThe paper discusses how to interpret the parameters of the basic equation used for the extrapolation of the apparent molar volume of the solute to infinite dilution. The common misunderstandings and oversimplifications have been pointed out. We present the alternative ways of the data interpretation that can be used to eliminate these obvious but frequent mistakes.
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Instructor Presence in Video Lectures: Preliminary Findings From an Online Experiment
PublikacjaMotivation. Despite the widespread use of video lectures in online and blended learning environments, there is still debate whether the presence of an instructor in the video helps or hinders learning. According to social agency theory, seeing the instructor makes learners believe that s/he is personally teaching them, which leads to deeper cognitive processing and, in turn, better learning outcomes. Conversely, according to cognitive...
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Mind the framing: Match purpose and context
PublikacjaIn several ways, the following chapters will allude to the concept of frames. The assumptions of a mathematical model tell us what it can explain and what it cannot (see chapter 5). The trade-off between the usefulness of a mathemati- cal model and the scale of complexity it seeks to capture further conditions the narrative, highlighting or downsizing cognitive elements relevant to responsible modelling (see ‘Mathematics and tales’...
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Tacit knowledge influence on intellectual capital and innovativeness in the healthcare sector: A cross-country study of Poland and the US
PublikacjaThis study provides empirical proof that whole organizational innovativeness is rooted in tacit knowledge due to its potency of human capital creation and, that a learning culture composed of a learning climate and mistakes acceptance component fosters human capital development. The main practical implication is that if the IC components are externally rather than internally determined in the particular organization embedded in...
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Pathological brain network activity: memory impairment in epilepsy
PublikacjaOur thinking, memory and cognition in general, relies upon precisely timed interactions among neurons forming brain networks that support cognitive processes. The surgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy using intracranial electrodes provides a unique opportunity to record directly from human brain and to investigate the coordinated activity of cognitive networks. In this issue of Neurology®, Kleen and colleagues1 implicate...
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Genetic and pharmacologic proteasome augmentation ameliorates Alzheimer’s-like pathology in mouse and fly APP overexpression models
PublikacjaThe proteasome has key roles in neuronal proteostasis, including the removal of misfolded and oxidized proteins, presynaptic protein turnover, and synaptic efficacy and plasticity. Proteasome dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We show that prevention of proteasome dysfunction by genetic manipulation delays mortality, cell death, and cognitive deficits in fly and cell culture AD models. We developed...
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Genetic and pharmacologic proteasome augmentation ameliorates Alzheimer’s-like pathology in mouse and fly APP overexpression models
PublikacjaThe proteasome has key roles in neuronal proteostasis, including the removal of misfolded and oxidized proteins, presynaptic protein turnover, and synaptic efficacy and plasticity. Proteasome dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We show that prevention of proteasome dysfunction by genetic manipulation delays mortality, cell death, and cognitive deficits in fly and cell culture AD models. We developed...
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Information retrieval with semantic memory model
PublikacjaPsycholinguistic theories of semantic memory form the basis of understanding of natural language concepts. These theories are used here as an inspiration for implementing a computational model of semantic memory in the form of semantic network. Combining this network with a vector-based object-relation-feature value representation of concepts that includes also weights for confidence and support, allows for recognition of concepts...
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Emotional distress, burnout and sense of safety during the COVID-19 pandemic in teachers after the reopening of schools
PublikacjaThe COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on people's psychological well-being and mental health. This study aimed to identify factors linked to emotional distress, burnout and sense of safety in teachers related to the reopening of Polish schools after lockdown, remote work, and the holiday period between March and August 2020. A total of 1,286 teachers from different educational institutions participated in the...
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Method of Decision-Making Logic Discovery in the Business Process Textual Data
PublikacjaGrowing amount of complexity and enterprise data creates a need for novel business process (BP) analysis methods to assess the process optimization opportunities. This paper proposes a method of BP analysis while extracting the knowledge about Decision-Making Logic (DML) in a form of taxonomy. In this taxonomy, researchers consider the routine, semi-cognitive and cognitive DML levels as functions of BP conceptual aspects of Resources,...
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Future Skills and Education in a Computerized World
PublikacjaAs computerization of Western economies has advanced, the supply of the demand for routine cognitive tasks and routine manual tasks has fallen. Computerization has increased labour input of nonroutine cognitive tasks which has favourized high educated workers. Similarly, there is clear evidence of an increase in demand for high skilled workforce which originates from poor machine performance of nonroutine...
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3D Model Preparing Patterns for Interactive Urban Visualization - Guidelines for Graphic Designers Preparing 3D Models for Virtual Reality Applications
PublikacjaWhile working on architectural visualizations, the software developer often has to work with graphic designers who create models in a different environment what can cause many complications. For this reason, it is very important to have some guidelines which can protect both the developer and the designer from commixing mistakes. The paper presents a list of such guidelines based on the authors’ experience. The reader can treat...
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An Intelligent Decision-Making System for Autonomous Units Based on the Mind Model
PublikacjaThis article presents a specific part of current trends in autonomous robotics. It pays special attention to the basic aspects of cognitive architecture. After a brief introduction, we shortly describe the Intelligent System of Decision-making developed at the Gdansk University of Technology.
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Evolution of artificial single-cell organisms foraging for resources in a 3-dimensional environment
PublikacjaForaging for resources is a simple cognitive task that even one-celled biological organisms can ac- complish. We present an Artificial Life system in which artificial unicellular organisms (animats) forage for food in a 3-dimensional simulated liquid environment. The movement of animats is controlled by evolving artificial gene regulatory networks encoded in linear genomes. When an animat consumes enough food, it produces offspring...
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High frequency oscillations in human memory and cognition: a neurophysiological substrate of engrams?
PublikacjaDespite advances in understanding the cellular and molecular processes underlying memory and cognition, and recent successful modulation of cognitive performance in brain disorders, the neurophysiological mechanisms remain underexplored. High frequency oscillations beyond the classic electroencephalogram spectrum have emerged as a potential neural correlate of fundamental cognitive processes. High frequency oscillations are detected...
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Lexicalisation of vertical motion: A study of three satellite-framed languages
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Hostility bias or sadness bias in excluded individuals: Does anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of right VLPFC vs. left DLPFC have a mitigating effect?
PublikacjaExclusion has multiple adverse effects on individual’s well-being. It induces anger and hostile cognitions leading to aggressive behavior. The purpose of this study was to test whether exclusion would affect recognition of anger on ambivalent faces of the excluders. We hypothesized that exclusion would elicit more anger encoding (hostility bias) than inclusion, but this effect would be mitigated by anodal tDCS of right VLPFC...
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Towards Recognition of Spatial Relations between Entities for Polish
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Przegląd robotów humanoidalnych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono przegląd najpopularniejszych robotów humanoidalnych, wyróżniając ich ważniejsze cechy i porównując podstawowe charakterystyki, biorąc przy tym pod uwagę pożądane kognitywne aspekty rozwoju robotyki. Wśród osiągalnych cech rozmaitych rozwiązań aparatów humanoidalnych dostępnych na rynku – wyróżnia się głównie liczbę stopni swobody, rodzaj zastosowanego układu lokomocji oraz możliwości wyrażania mimiki twarzy,...
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The Origins of the Concept of Ideology
PublikacjaThe concept of "ideology" as, firstly, a term that points at non-epistemological conditioning of cognitive processes, and, secondly, as a term which aimed at disclosing the ancillary role of given ideas in regard to specific political interests of certain groups, has long history. Since Francis Bacon's theory of idols modern philosophy endavoured to create a comprehensive classification of systematic cognitive errors which divert...
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Polish Experience of Implementing Vision Zero
PublikacjaPurpose of Review The aim of this study is to present an outline and the principles of Poland’s road safety strategic programming as it has developed over the last 25 years since the first Integrated Road Safety System with a strong focus on Sweden’s “Vision Zero”. Recent Findings Countries that have successfully improved road safety have done so by following strategies centred around the idea that people are not infallible and...
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Importance of sign conventions on analytical solutions to the wave-induced cyclic response of a poro-elastic seabed
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the influence of different sign conventions for strains and stresses, i.e. the solid mechanics sign convention and the soil mechanics sign convention, on the form of governing partial differential equations (the static equilibrium equations and the continuity equation) used to describe the wave-induced cyclic response of a poro-elastic seabed due to propagation of a sinusoidal surface water-wave. Some selected...
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Tacit knowledge awareness and sharing as a focal part of knowledge production, Polish-US view on IT, healthcare, and construction industry
PublikacjaIn the knowledge economy era, knowledge production and dissemination are of key interest to individuals, organizations, and economies. Tacit knowledge results from experience, leading to innovation. The learning culture can facilitate the transformation of errors into experiences. This study explores whether mistake acceptance facilitates tacit knowledge awareness and sharing in the information technology, healthcare, and construction...
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Ergonomics in Polish outpatient clinics
PublikacjaOutpatient clinics are structures In which ergonomics play a key role. This fact is associated with an often occurring risk of developing hospital-acquired infection. The risk increases with mistakes made in wrong planning the functional and spatial lay-out is subordinated to high utilitarian requirements, including hygienic and sanitary, and technological requirements. A properly planned structure allows to reduce dangers more...
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Procognitive activity of nitric oxide inhibitors and donors in animal models
PublikacjaNitric oxide is a small gaseous molecule that plays important roles in the majority of biological functions. Impairments of NO-related pathways contribute to the majority of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Cognitive decline is one of the most serious impairments accompanying both AD and schizophrenia. In the present study, the activities of NO donors, slow (spermine...
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AMO perspectives on the well-being of neurodivergent human capital
PublikacjaExisting management research and management practices frequently overlook the relationship between the above-average human capital of highly functioning neurodivergent employees, their subjective well-being in the workplace and performance outcomes. This paper calls for greater attention to the hidden human capital associated with neurodiversity by mainstreaming implementation of neurodiversity-friendly policies and practices. Drawing...
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Experience-Based Cognition for Driving Behavioral Fingerprint Extraction
PublikacjaABSTRACT With the rapid progress of information technologies, cars have been made increasingly intelligent. This allows cars to act as cognitive agents, i.e., to acquire knowledge and understanding of the driving habits and behavioral characteristics of drivers (i.e., driving behavioral fingerprint) through experience. Such knowledge can be then reused to facilitate the interaction between a car and its driver, and to develop better and...
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The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health
PublikacjaEfficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore,...
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Leadership, culture, intellectual capital and knowledge processes for organizational innovativeness across industries: the case of Poland
PublikacjaPurpose – This study aims to present the overview of intellectual capital creation micro-mechanisms concerning formal and informal knowledge processes. The organizational culture, transformational leadership and innovativeness are also included in the investigation as ascendants and consequences of the focal relation of intellectual capital and knowledge processes. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a sample of 1,418 Polish...
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Learning and memory processes in autonomous agents using an intelligent system of decision-making
PublikacjaThis paper analyzes functions and structures of the memory that is an indispensable part of an Intelligent System of Decision-making (ISD), developed as a universal engine for autonomous robotics. A simplified way of processing and coding information in human cognitive processes is modelled and adopted for the use in autonomous systems. Based on such a knowledge structure, an artificial model of reality representation and a model...
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Learning and memory processes in autonomous agents using an intelligent system of decision-making
PublikacjaThis paper analyzes functions and structures of the memory that is an indispensable part of an Intelligent System of Decision-making (ISD), developed as a universal engine for autonomous robotics. A simplified way of processing and coding information in human cognitive processes is modelled and adopted for the use in autonomous systems. Based on such a knowledge structure, an artificial model of reality representation and a model...
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Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGlu2) and Muscarinic Receptors (M1, M4, and M5), Alone or in Combination, and Its Impact on the Acquisition and Retention of Learning in the Morris Water Maze, NMDA Expression and cGMP Synthesis
PublikacjaThe Morris water maze (MWM) is regarded as one of the most popular tests for detecting spatial memory in rodents. Long-term potentiation and cGMP synthesis seem to be among the crucial factors involved in this type of learning. Muscarinic (M1, M4, and M5 receptors) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are important targets in the search for antipsychotic drugs with the potency to treat cognitive disabilities associated with...
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Implementing Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) to Support Product Manufacturing
PublikacjaThis paper illustrates the concept of providing the manufacturing knowledge during early stages of product life cycle to experts working on product development. The aim of this research is to enable a more collaborative product development environment by using Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) system, which is powered by Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). It enhances the industrial product...
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A Study in Experimental Methods of Human-Computer Communication for Patients After Severe Brain Injuries
PublikacjaExperimental research in the domain of multimedia technology applied to medical practice is discussed, employing a prototype of integrated multimodal system to assist diagnosis and polysensory stimulation of patients after severe brain injury. The system being developed includes among others: eye gaze tracker, and EEG monitoring of non-communicating patients after severe brain injuries. The proposed solutions are used for collecting...
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Sanctions and their role in preventing the appropriation of the creditor’s property rights in bankruptcy proceedings–the case of Poland
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to fill the cognitive gap regarding the role of sanc-tions in the protection of a creditor’s property rights in the event of an entrepreneur insolvency. The impact of sanctions on transaction costs, including their identifica-tion and types, as well as the impact on the protection of creditor rights, has been poorly recognized in the subject literature to date. This article investigates...
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Proximity and the Cluster Organization
PublikacjaIncluding the category of proximity in theoretical considerations and empirical analyzes in cluster organizations is an attempt to integrate existing approaches to understand and explain the specificity of inter-organizational cooperation developed in geographical proximity. The importance of geographical proximity to create a competitive advantage is emphasized in all theories on the establishment and development of industrial...
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Evolution of Animats Following a Moving Target in an Artificial Ecosystem
PublikacjaMany biological animals, even microscopically small, are able to track moving sources of food. In this paper, we investigate the emergence of such behavior in artificial animals (animats) in a 2-dimensional simulated liquid environment. These "predators" are controlled by evolving artificial gene regulatory networks encoded in linear genomes. The fate of the predators is determined only by their ability to gather food and reproduce—no...
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Context Search Algorithm for Lexical Knowledge Acquisition
PublikacjaA Context Search algorithm used for lexical knowledge acquisition is presented. Knowledge representation based on psycholinguistic theories of cognitive processes allows for implementation of a computational model of semantic memory in the form of semantic network. A knowledge acquisition using supervised dialog templates have been performed in a word game designed to guess the concept a human user is thinking about. The game,...
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Wpływ liczby mieszkańców na obliczenia ilości ścieków w projektowaniu kanalizacji sanitarnej
PublikacjaZmiana sposobu rozliczania zużycia wody, promocja wodooszczędnych technologii oraz uszczelnienie kanałów wyraźnie wpłynęły na ilość odprowadzanych do kanalizacji ścieków. Obecnie stwierdzić można, że opracowania z lat 70-tych XX wieku podają zawyżone wskaźniki odpływu ścieków, skutkiem czego są problemy eksploatacyjne. Bez wątpienia, prawidłowe zaprojektowanie kanalizacji sanitarnej to zadanie trudne, wymagające między innymi prawidłowego...
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Self-Perceived Personal Brand Equity of Knowledge Workers by Gender in Light of Knowledge-Driven Organizational Culture: Evidence From Poland and the United States
PublikacjaThis study contributes to the limited literature on the personal branding of knowledge workers by revealing that a culture that incorporates knowledge, learning, and collaboration supports (explicit and tacit) knowledge sharing among employees and that sharing matters for knowledge workers’ self-perceived personal brand equity. Analysis of 2,168 cases from the United States and Poland using structural equation modeling (SEM) showed...
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Intelligence Augmentation and Amplification: Approaches, Tools, and Case Studies
PublikacjaMost experts agree that truly intelligent artificial system is yet to be developed. The main issue that still remains a challenge is imposing trust and explainability into such systems. However, is full replication of human intelligence really desirable key aim in intelligence related technology and research? This is where the concept of augmented intelligence comes into play. It is an alternative conceptualization of artificial...
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Influence of Escherichia coli on Expression of Selected Human Drug Addiction Genes
PublikacjaThe impact of enteric microflora on the expression of genes associated with cocaine and amphetamine addiction was described. Human genome-wide experiments on RNA transcripts expressed in response to three selected Escherichia coli strains allowed for significant alteration (p > 0.05) of the linear regression model between HT-29 RNA transcripts associated with the KEGG pathway:hsa05030:Cocaine addiction after 3 h stimulation with...
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Designing effective educational games - a case study of a project management game
PublikacjaThis paper addresses the issues of designing effective educational games. We aim at investigating how the cognitive, behavioral and emotional aspects of the games influence their educational effectiveness. The results were obtained with an observational user experience study extended with affect analysis carried out for a project management game GraPM. We analyzed the...
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Thriving in multicultural workplace
PublikacjaThriving at work is defined as the psychological state that links both a sense of vitality and learning. The vitality component of thriving may be seen as positive energy, while learning enhances a sense of competence and efficacy. Thriving sheds new light on individual psychological functioning and the experience of growth in the work context. Thriving at work promotes growth through playing an active role in interaction with...
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Hotspot of human verbal memory encoding in the left anterior prefrontal cortex
PublikacjaBackground: Treating memory and cognitive deficits requires knowledge about anatomical sites and neural activities to be targeted with particular therapies. Emerging technologies for local brain stimulation offer attractive therapeutic options but need to be applied to target specific neural activities, at distinct times, and in specific brain regions that are critical for memory formation. Methods: The areas that are critical...