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wszystkich: 557
wybranych: 452
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Non-enzymatic flexible glucose sensing platform based on nanostructured TiO2–Au composite
PublikacjaAll over the world the number of people suffering from diabetes and related complications is drastically growing. Therefore, the need for accurate, reliable and stable sensor for monitoring of glucose in human body fluids is becoming highly desirable. In this work we show that material composed of gold layers deposited onto TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) formed onto the flexible Ti foil exhibits great response toward glucose oxidation and...
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THE EVALUATION OF THE ABRASIVE WEAR OF THE TI13Nb13ZR ALLOY IMPLANTED BY NITROGEN IONS FOR FRICTION COMPONENTS OF THE HIP JOINT ENDOPROSTHESES
PublikacjaZ uwagi na potrzeby społeczne, a zwłaszcza rosnące zapotrzebowanie na endoprotezy stawów biodrowego i kolanowego oraz uwzględniając fakt, że procesy tribologiczne odgrywają wiodącą rolę w procesie utraty stabilności endoprotez ortopedycznych i decydują o ich trwałości, uznano za celowe przeprowadzenie oceny wpływu implantacji jonowej na zużycie ścierne biostopu Ti13Nb13Zr. Do badań wykorzystano pary trące: nieimplantowany stop...
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Fabrication and characterization of composite TiO2 nanotubes/ boron-doped diamond electrodes towards enhanced supercapacitors
PublikacjaThe composite TiO2 nanotubes / boron-doped diamond electrodes were deposited using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition resulting in the improved electrochemical performance. This composite electrode can deliver high specific capacitance of 7.46 mF cm‐− 2 comparing to boron-doped diamond (BDD) deposited onto flat Ti plate (0.11 mF cm‐− 2).The morphology and composition of composite electrode were characterized...
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Impedimetric sensing of α-amino acids driven by micro-patterned 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one into titania- boron- doped maze-like nanocarbons
PublikacjaThe development of impedimetric, non-faradaic label-free sensors for the detection of α-amino acids constitutes a trailblazing technology for the fast and inexpensive quantification of such biomarkers. Since α-amino acids, such as glycine and sarcosine, are basic constituents in biological processes, a variation in their concentration may be an indicator of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders or neurological conditions....
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Dissimilar autogenous TIG joint of Alloy 617 and AISI 304H steel for AUSC application
PublikacjaTo reduce costs and improve high-temperature performance in Advanced Ultra Super Critical (AUSC) boilers, it is necessary to weld austenitic steel to Inconel alloy. In this study, the autogenous tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process was used to join Alloy 617 and an austenitic AISI 304H steel plate of thickness 5 mm. Microstructural analysis showed that the microstructure formation was uneven along the weldments, with columnar...
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Dependence between Ionic Liquid Structure and Mechanism of Visible-Light-Induced Activity of TiO2 Obtained by Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis
PublikacjaBecause of the tremendous structural diversityof ionic liquids (ILs), simple transfer of observations performed for one IL used for IL-TiO2 preparation on different samples is not possible. Therefore, four ionic liquids, all containing distinct nitrogen-bearing organic cations (pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, ammonium, imidazolium), were used for the first time for the preparation of IL-TiO2 composites. The role of the individual IL...
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Wpływ domieszkowania w podsieci B wysokotemperaturowego przewodnika protonowego LaNbO4
PublikacjaW artykule przeprowadzono analizę wpływu domieszkowania w podsieci B niobanu lantanu korzystając z opublikowanych wyników zespołów badawczych z całego świata. Przeanalizowano wpływ domieszkowania pod kątem domieszek akceptorowych i izowalentnych. Przeanalizowano wpływ zastosowania wielu różnych domieszek tj. Ga, Ge, Si, Ti i Mn na strukturę fazową i przewodność elektryczną materiału. Domieszkowanie akceptorowe w podsieci B pozwala...
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Preparation and structure of nanocrystalline sol-gel derived Cu doped LiTi2O4 powders
PublikacjaAmong the spinel oxides materials, lithium titanate (Li1+xTi2-xO4 where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33) could be very interested from pratical applications point of view. Lithium titanate is a II type spinel oxide superconductor with relatively high (~13 K for x = 0) superconducting transition temperature Tc. Above Tc lithium titanate shows metallic behaviour and can be used e.g. as electrodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Since the discovery...
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Ranking of Heterogeneous Catalysts Metals by Their Greenness
PublikacjaCatalysis is very important process in industry and laboratory practice, especially from the point of green chemistry principles. However, eco-friendly character of heterogeneous catalysts, containing transition metal components has not been evaluated, yet. Therefore, we perform a comprehensive assessment of 18 heterogeneous metal catalysts (Pd, Pt, V, Co, Ni, Mo, Ru, Mn, Au, Cu, Cd, Zr, Fe, Rh, Ir, Sn, Zn, Ag) using multicriteria...
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A screening of select toxic and essential elements and persistent organic pollutants in the fur of Svalbard reindeer
PublikacjaReindeers play an important role in the polar ecosystem, being long-lived sole vegetarians feeding on local vegetation. They can be used as a valuable bioindicator, helping us to understand contaminants’ impact on the polar terrestrial ecosystem. Still, scarce data exist from research in which polar herbivores (especially those from the European parts of the Arctic) were a major study subject for trace elements and persistent organic...
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Spatial variability of the hydrochemistry of shallow groundwaters and surface waters of the Rensdyrbekken: A case study of a permafrost catchment in Bellsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
PublikacjaProgressive climate change may have unpredictable consequences for the Arctic environment. Permafrost catchments off the west coast of Svalbard, described as “thin” and “warm,” are particularly sensitive to climate change. The interdisciplinary research on the hydrochemical response of surface and underground water functioning within a small permafrost catchment area focused on the determination of the impact of meteorological...
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Distribution and concentration of heavy metals in ash during thermal process sewage sludge
PublikacjaKażdego roku na świecie, obserwuje się znaczący wzrost produkcji osadów ściekowych. Przykładowo w 2006 roku, w Polsce ich ilość osiągnęła 1 mln ton w przeliczeniu na sucha masę, w tym ok. połowa pochodziła z oczyszczalni komunalnych. Problem ich zagospodarowania stanowi przedmiot zainteresowania wielu instytucji zajmujących się ochroną środowiska, zarówno w Polsce, jak i na całym świecie. Ich dotychczasowe wykorzystania polegało...
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Release of selected chemical elements from shale drill cuttings to aqueous solutions of different pH
PublikacjaThe effect of pH changes on leachability of light and heavy metals from shale drill cuttings generated from unconventional shale gas production was investigated. Cuttings, being the primary byproduct generated from drilling operations, belong to the potentially hazardous type of wastes due to presence of heavy and radioactive elements and remains of drilling fluid. In this regard, assessment of potentially dangerous components...
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Bioaccumulation of Metals in Tissues of Marine Animals, Part I: the Role and Impact of Heavy Metals on Organisms
PublikacjaHeavy metals contribute to the anthropogenic contamination of marine ecosystems. Some of them are essential to the life processes of organisms; others are toxic, even at low concentrations. They penetrate organisms via food, respiratory pathways or the skin. The extent to which metals penetrate organisms is measured by the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors and also by their transport between organisms at different trophic...
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Arctic catchment as a sensitive indicator of the environmental changes: distribution and migration of metals (Svalbard)
PublikacjaArctic regions experience metal pollution, despite their remote location, and the distribution and migration of those metals determine their potential impact on the local environment. Here, a High-Arctic catchment (Revelva, Svalbard) located remotely from human-induced pollution sources is studied with respect to the distribution and migration of chosen trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Cs, Mo, Ni, Pb,...
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Svalbard reindeer as an indicator of ecosystem changes in the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem
PublikacjaOver the years, noticeable effort has been directed towards contaminant determination in multiple biotic samples collected from the inhabitants of the Arctic. Little consideration has been given to polar herbivores, however, especially those from the European parts of the Arctic. To provide a broader perspective, we aimed to decipher trace element concentration in hairs of the key species in the Arctic, namely the Svalbard reindeer...
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Mathematical approach to design 3D scaffolds for the 3D printable bone implant
PublikacjaThis work demonstrates that an artificial scaffold structure can be designed to exhibit mechanical properties close to the ones of real bone tissue, thus highly reducing the stress-shielding phenomenon. In this study the scan of lumbar vertebra fragment was reproduced to create a numerical 3D model (this model was called the reference bone sample). New nine 3D scaffold samples were designed and their numerical models were created....
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Enhanced Charge Storage Mechanism And Long-Term Cycling Stability In Diamondized Titania Nanocomposite Supercapacitors Operating In Aqueous Electrolytes
PublikacjaThe long cycle life stability jointly with high energy density are limiting broader feasible applications of supercapacitors. The novel diamondized titania nanocomposite supercapacitors deliver high power and energy densities along with high capacitance retention rates. Supercapacitor electrodes were fabricated utilizing a combination of Ti anodization followed by chemical vapor deposition resulting in simultaneous growth of complex...
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O możliwości spawania elementów kształtowych giętych na zimno ze stali typu S355
PublikacjaCelem pracy jest ocena wpływu gięcia na zimno profili na własności spoin usytuowanych w rejonie gięcia. Praca obejmuje opis tych zagadnień z punktu widzenia budowy strukturalnej i warunków sprzyjających procesowi starzenia jak i technologii spawania w odniesieniu do stali S355. Własności mechaniczne elementów giętych na zimno są niehomogeniczne wzdłuż obwodu z powodu różnic w umocnieniu powstającego w trakcie gięcia na zimno. w...
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Properties of Oxygen Vacancy and Hydrogen Interstitial Defects in Strontium Titanate: DFT + Ud,p Calculations
PublikacjaThis work presents extensive theoretical studies focused on the mixed ion-electron transport in cubic strontium titanate (STO). A new approach to the description of this difficult system was developed within the framework of linear-scaling Kohn–Sham density functional theory, as realized in the ONETEP program. The description we present is free of any empirical parameters and relies on the Hubbard U and Hund’s J corrections applied...
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Enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance of iodine-doped titania nanotube arrays
PublikacjaThe paper discusses the synthesis and performance of iodine doped titania nanotube arrays exhibited under irradiation. The doping procedure was performed as an additional, electrochemical process carried out after formation of nanotube arrays via anodization of Ti substrate. The optical and structural properties were characterized using Raman, UV-vis, photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface morphology...
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Fine-Tuning the Photocatalytic Activity of the Anatase {1 0 1} Facet through Dopant-Controlled Reduction of the Spontaneously Present Donor State Density
PublikacjaThe present study highlights the importance of the net density of charge carriers at the ground state on photocatalytic activity of the faceted particles, which can be seen as a highly underexplored problem. To investigate it in detail, we have systematically doped {1 0 1} enclosed anatase nanoparticles with Gd3+ ions to manipulate the charge carrier concentration. Furthermore, control experiments using an analogical Nb5+ doped...
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Synthesis, characteristics, and photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles stabilized on the stone surface for degradation of metronidazole from aqueous solution
PublikacjaAbstract Background: The presence of antibiotics such as metronidazole in wastewater even at low concentrations requires searching for a suitable process such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) to reduce the level of pollutants to a standard level in water. Methods: In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal method using zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) as a precursor, then, stabilized on stone and was used...
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Rainwater chemistry composition in Bellsund: Sources of elements and deposition discrepancies in the coastal area (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
PublikacjaDiscrepancies in rainfall chemistry in Bellsund were found to be influenced by the orographic barrier and related to the variability in the inflow of air masses as well as to the distance of sampling sites from the sea and thus the extent of sea spray impact. This study covers measurements of rainfall (P) and air temperature (T), physicochemical parameters (pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC), major ions (Cl , NO3 , SO4...
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Cyrkulacja metali ciężkich w procesie oczyszczania ścieków w reaktorach systemu MUCT
PublikacjaCelem prowadzonych badań było określenie ilościowego i jakościowego występowania wybranych metali ciężkich po kolejnych stopniach oczyszczania w wysokoefektywnej oczyszczalni z biologicznym usuwaniem azotu i fosforu. Przeprowadzono analizę rozdziału fazowego wybranych metali pomiędzy fazą ciekłą (roztworem) i stałą (zawiesinową) dla ścieków oraz odcieków. Analizowano również jakość osadów ściekowych. Zastosowanie ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej...
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Długookresowe zmiany specjacji metali ciężkich w osadach ściekowych utylizowanych w złożach trzcinowych
PublikacjaW ciągu ostatnich kilku lat podejmowane są próby wykorzystywania złóż trzcinowych do utylizacji osadów ściekowych. Osady utylizowane w złożach trzcinowych charakteryzują się składem chemicznym zbliżonym do substancji humusowej, a więc nadaje się do rolniczego wykorzystania. Pojawia się jednak problem obecności metali ciężkich. Metale ciężkie akumulowane w osadach ściekowych mogą być niebezpieczne dla środowiska przyrodniczego....
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Heavy Metals in Sediments of Urban Streams: Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Influencing Factors
PublikacjaSediments of two urban streams in northern Poland outflowing to the Baltic Sea were assessed to explain the spatial variation in relation to urbanization level of the catchment, the role of retention tanks (RTs) and identification of pollution level. During the 3 month period of investigation sediment samples were collected from the inflow (IN) and outflow (OUT) of six RTs located on streams for flood protection. Six heavy metals...
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The occurrence of heavy metals and metal-resistant bacteria in water and bottom sediments of the Straszyn reservoir (Poland)
PublikacjaThe aim of this study is investigate the distribution of selected heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium) and metal-resistant bacteria in water and bottom sediments of drinking water reservoir for Gdańsk (Poland). The research area - Straszyn Lake is a dam reservoir on Radunia river, of the total volume of 3 mln m3. Sediment and water sampling took place between May and October 2013 (eight series). Regarding metal concentration...
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Solvothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three polyoxotitanium-organic acid clusters
PublikacjaThree new titanium oxo-clusters Ti4O2(OiPr)10(OOCPhMe)2 (I), Ti6O4(OEt)8(OOCPhMe)8 (II) and Ti6O6(OEt)6(OOCCHPh2)6 (III) were obtained by easy one-step solvothermal reactions of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, alcohols and carboxylic acids. The three compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, TGA/DSC, optical and electron microscopy, and FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy...
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Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Laser Surface-Treated Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy with MWCNTs Coatings
Publikacja: Titanium and its alloys is the main group of materials used in prosthetics and implantology. Despite their popularity and many advantages associated with their biocompatibility, these materials have a few significant disadvantages. These include low biologic activity—which reduces the growth of fibrous tissue and allows loosening of the prosthesis—the possibility of metallosis and related inflammation or other allergic reactions,...
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The Influence of Laser Alloying of Ti13Nb13Zr on Surface Topography and Properties
PublikacjaThe laser alloying is a continually developing surface treatment because of its significant and specific structuration of a surface. In particular, it is applied for Ti alloys, being now the most essential biomaterials` group for load-bearing implants. The present research was performed on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy subject to laser modification in order to determine the treatment effects on surface topography and its some mechanical...
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Temperature-controlled nanomosaics of AuCu bimetallic structure towards smart light management
PublikacjaGold–copper nanostructures are promising in solar-driven processes because of their optical, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties, especially those which result from the synergy between the two metals. Increasing interest in their internal structure, such as the composition or distribution of the Au and Cu as well as the size and shape of the nanoparticles, have developed to define their physicochemical properties. In...
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Optimization-Based High-Frequency Circuit Miniaturization through Implicit and Explicit Constraint Handling: Recent Advances
PublikacjaMiniaturization trends in high-frequency electronics have led to accommodation challenges in the integration of the corresponding components. Size reduction thereof has become a practical necessity. At the same time, the increasing performance demands imposed on electronic systems remain in conflict with component miniaturization. On the practical side, the challenges related to handling design constraints are aggravated by the...
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The Effect of Steaming Beech, Birch and Maple Woods on Qualitative Indicators of the Surface
PublikacjaThis work presents the effect of steaming beech, birch and maple woods on the resulting quality of the milled wood surface. The steaming process of the studied woods results in a targeted change in the color of the wood, which changes from the original light white-gray color to fine reddishbrown to dark brown color shades that are more or less saturated depending on the temperature of the saturated water steam. The color changes...
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Trace Metal Contamination of Bottom Sediments: A Review of Assessment Measures and Geochemical Background Determination Methods
PublikacjaThis paper provides an overview of different methods of assessing the trace metal (TM) contamination status of sediments affected by anthropogenic interference. The geochemical background determination methods are also described. A total of 25 papers covering rivers, lakes, and retention tanks sediments in areas subjected to anthropogenic pressure from the last three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) were analysed to support our examination...
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Remediation of soils on municipal rendering plant territories using Miscanthus × giganteus
PublikacjaPhytoremediation, as a cost-effective, highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and green approach, gained attention to the removal of metals, including heavy metals, from contaminated soils. The toxic nature of heavy metals can have an adverse effect on human health and the ecosystem, and their removal remains a worldwide problem. Therefore, in this study, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of Miscanthus × giganteus...
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Electrical characterization of diamond/boron doped diamond nanostructures for use in harsh environment applications
PublikacjaThe polycrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD) shows stable electrical properties and high tolerance for harsh environments (e.g. high temperature or aggressive chemical compounds) comparing to other materials used in semiconductor devices. In this study authors have designed electronic devices fabricated from non-intentionally (NiD) films and highly boron doped diamond structures. Presented semiconductor devices consist of highly...
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Electrochemically assisted deposition of hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V substrates covered by CVD diamond films — Coating characterization and first cell biological results
PublikacjaAlthough titaniumand its alloys are widely used as implant material for orthopedic and dental applications they show only limited corrosion stability and osseointegration in different cases. The aim of the presented research was to develop and characterize a novel surface modification system from a thin diamond base layer and a hydroxyapatite (HAp) top coating deposited on the alloy Ti6Al4V widely used for implants in contact with bone....
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A dissimilar welded joint of grade 92 steel and AISI 304L steel obtained using IN82 buttering and IN617 fller: relationship of microstructure and mechanical properties
PublikacjaUnfavourable operating conditions of equipment in the energy industry resulting from high-temperature loads determine the need to use special materials and technological solutions, including welding procedures. In this article, buttering using IN82 (ERNiCr-3) consumables was proposed as a method to improve the weldability of grade 92 steel joined by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process with AISI 304L (IN617 fller). The...
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Ti3C2 MXenes-based catalysts for the process of α-pinene isomerization
PublikacjaIn this study, the catalytic performance of Ti3C2 MXene materials in the reaction of α-pinene isomerization was demonstrated. The influence of etching agents (HF, HF/H2SO4, and HF/HCl; weight ratios of mixed acids: 1 : 3, 1 : 4, and 1 : 5) on removing Al atoms from MAX phase, creation of an accordion-like structure typical...
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Exposure of a small Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) breeding in Svalbard, to selected elements throughout the course of a year
PublikacjaThe Arctic marine ecosystem can be altered by processes of natural and anthropogenic origin. Spatio-temporal variation in species exposure to contamination is still poorly understood. Here, we studied elemental concentrations in the non-lethally collected samples from the most numerous seabird in European Arctic, the little auk (Alle alle) nesting in one breeding colony in Svalbard. This seabird spent the breeding season in the...
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Magnetic photocatalysts for water treatment
PublikacjaThe concept of magnetic photocatalysts with separation function requires ferromagnetic material with high magnetic susceptibility to an external magnetic field to enable recycling of composite nanoparticles. Currently, much attention is devoted to functionalization of photocatalyst using MFe2O3, where M =Fe, Zn, Co, Mn. However direct contact between photocatalyst and magnetic iron oxide particles leads to photodissolution of iron...
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Review on friction stir welding of dissimilar magnesium and aluminum alloys: Scientometric analysis and strategies for achieving high-quality joints
PublikacjaMagnesium and aluminum alloys continually attract interest as lightweight structural materials for transport applications. However, joining these dissimilar alloys is very challenging. The main obstacle that hinders progress in dissimilar Mg-Al joining is the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs). As a solid-state joining technique, FSW is an excellent candidate to attenuate the deleterious IMC effects in dissimilar...
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A new simple approach to prepare rare-earth metals-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays photoactive under visible light: Surface properties and mechanism investigation
PublikacjaApplication of Ti90RE10 alloys (RE = Ho, Er, Nd, Y, Ce, Tm) as a working electrode, instead of Ti pure foil in anodic oxidation in a fluoride-based electrolyte, resulted in formation of well-ordered nanotubes made of TiO2 and RE2O3 mixture, which could be efficiently used for pollutant removal from water and air phase upon UV and visible irradiation and easily separable from the reaction mixture to recycle. The as-prepared NTs...
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Advancements in the Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys through Laser-Based Approach
PublikacjaComplex structures can now be manufactured easily utilizing AM technologies to meet the pre-requisite objectives such as reduced part numbers, greater functionality, and lightweight, among others. Polymers, metals, and ceramics are the few materials that can be used in AM technology, but metallic materials (Magnesium and Aluminum) are attracting more attention from the research and industrial point of view. Understanding the role...
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Determination of the Major By-Products of Citrus hystrix Peel and Their Characteristics in the Context of Utilization in the Industry
PublikacjaKaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) is a popular citrus in Southeast Asia. Despite the growing interest in the peel of the fruit, the leaves are the most frequently used part of the fruit. The aim of the study was to determine the main by-products of the peel, such as pectins, minerals, essential oil, and bioactive compounds, and to evaluate the possibility of using them in various branches of industry. In the study of the essential oil...
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Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan/Eudragit E 100/AgNPs Coatings for Controlled Release of Antibacterial Substance
PublikacjaThe development of bacterial infection of the tissues surrounding an implant is one of the leading causes of implant surgery failure. In order to prevent the deposition of bacteria on the implant surface and the formation of biofilm, coatings that exhibit antibacterial properties are manufactured. However, the problem is the controlled release of the therapeutic substance from the coating over the extended life of the implant [1],...
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Study on Microstructure-Property Relationship of Inconel 617 Alloy/304L SS Steel Dissimilar Welds Joint
PublikacjaWelding of Inconel 617 (IN617) alloy and austenitic 304L SS steel has been attempted using the autogenous Laser Beam Welding (LBW) process. Characterization of dissimilar weldments was performed on either side of the fusion boundaries. The metallographic results showed that the inhomogeneous microstructure formation for weld metal contained columnar and cellular dendrites near the interface, whilst the columnar, cellular and equiaxed...
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Magnetically recyclable TiO2/MXene/MnFe2O4 photocatalyst for enhanced peroxymonosulphate-assisted photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine and ibuprofen under simulated solar light
PublikacjaIn this study, a novel TiO2/Ti3C2/MnFe2O4 magnetic photocatalyst with dual properties, enabling (i) improved photocatalytic degradation with PMS activation under simulated solar light and (ii) magnetic separation after the degradation process in an external magnetic field was developed and applied for the efficient photodegradation pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) frequently present in wastewater and surface waters worldwide. MXene...
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Wpływ współspalania biomasy z węglem kamiennym na wybrane właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne popiołu lotnego
PublikacjaPolska, jako członek Unii Europejskiej zobowiązała się, że do 2020 roku 20% energii krajowej będzie pochodzi ze źródeł odnawialnych. Ze względu na coraz szersze stosowanie jednoczesnego spalania paliw kopalnych i biomasy, obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania popiołami lotnymi powstającymi w tym procesie. Praktyczne wykorzystanie nowego odpadu przemysłu energetycznego, jakim jest popiół lotny pochodzący ze spalania innych paliw...