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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: MICRO POWER GENERATION
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KRYTERIA STOSOWANE W WIELOKRYTERIALNYM PLANOWANIU ROZWOJU SYSTEMU ELEKTROENERGETYCZNEGO
PublikacjaProblematyka planowania rozwoju systemów elektroenergetycznych jest zagadnieniem często podejmowanym w badaniach optymalizacyjnych ze względu na wagę i zasięg problemu. Rozwój techniki komputerowej pozwolił na połączenie tematyki optymalizacji struktury wytwarzania i planowania sieci elektroenergetycznej, co jest zagadnieniem wielowątkowym oraz wielowymiarowym. W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono kryteria stosowane w analizach...
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Oversizing the photovoltaic generator capacity in a micro photovoltaic plant
PublikacjaA significant part of photovoltaic micro installations in Poland is characterized by photovoltaic generator oversizing in relation to the inverter. The idea of oversizing, however, still raises doubts among some plant owners. In the paper, the energy yield of installation with an oversized and not oversized photovoltaic generator is presented on selected examples, showing the legitimacy of oversizing.
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Fatigue of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V with diamond structure obtained by Laser Power Bed Fusion method
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of fatigue tests conducted on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy with diamond structure obtained by the Laser Power Bed Fusion method. Samples used in tests were printed with porosities: 81%, 73%, 50%, 34% and near-zero porosity. Samples were subjected to cyclic tests with a constant stress amplitude. The number of cycles until sample failure was registered. Obtained fatigue test results made it possible to...
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Experimental investigations of damage evolution in concrete during bending by continuous micro-CT scanning
PublikacjaThe paper describes experimental investigation results of fracture in notched concrete beams under quasi-static three-point bending. To visualize 3D fracture in concrete under bending, an extended X-ray micro-computed tomography system was used, i.e. the tomography system SkyScan 1173 was connected to the loading machine ISTRON 5569. This combined system enabled to shot images of deforming concrete beams during a continuous deformation...
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Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete reinforced with boron--basalt fibers using Digital Image Correlation and X--ray micro--computed tomography
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental investigations of the radiation shielding, mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with 5 kg/m3 of novel basalt fibers infused with boron oxide (BBF). However, further studies concerning other dosages i.e. 1 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3, 15 kg/m3 and 20 kg/m3 are currently carried out. Experiments with neutron source revealed that addition of BBF as a dispersed concrete reinforcement could improve...
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Optical and structural properties of polycrystalline CVD diamond films grown on fused silica optical fibres pre-treated by high-power sonication seeding
PublikacjaIn this paper, the growth of polycrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond thin films on fused silica optical fibres has been investigated. The research results show that the effective substrate seeding process can lower defect nucleation, and it simultaneously increases surface encapsulation. However, the growth process on glass requires high seeding density. The effects of suspension type and ultrasonic power were...
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Discrete Modelling of Micro-structural Phenomena in Granular Shear Zones
PublikacjaThe micro-structure evolution in shear zones in cohesionless sand for quasi-static problems was analyzed with a discrete element method (DEM). The passive sand failure for a very rought retaining wall undergoing horizontal translation towards the sand backfill was discussed. To simulate the behaviour of sand, the spherical discrete element model was used with elements in the form of rigid spheres with contacts moments.
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The low temperature waste heat recovery in drying process of pine wood using micro-jet heat exchanger
PublikacjaThe article presents the influence of the drying medium temperature changes for the relative and absolute moisture content values during pine wood drying. The drying process was conducted at constant atmospheric pressure and with different drying medium (air) temperature levels, respectively: 40oC, 60oC, 80oC, 100oC, and 120oC. In order to develop a method that would enable low temperature drying of solid materials the experiments...
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Nonlinear Free and Forced Vibrations of a Hyperelastic Micro/Nanobeam Considering Strain Stiffening Effect
PublikacjaIn recent years, the static and dynamic response of micro/nanobeams made of hyperelasticity materials received great attention. In the majority of studies in this area, the strain-stiffing effect that plays a major role in many hyperelastic materials has not been investigated deeply. Moreover, the influence of the size effect and large rotation for such a beam that is important for the large deformation was not addressed. This...
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Heat recovery from the hybrid photovoltaic tile – experimental studies with the solar light simulator
PublikacjaConsidering the current development of micro-cogeneration energy sources, supported by the national prosumer policy and the act on the renewable energy sources, there is a great demand for the effective solar technologies. In this area, the photovoltaic cells with a combined conversion of the solar radiation energy into the electrical and thermal energy (PV/T cells) seem to be attractive. They are already widely available and treated...
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Mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with recycled and industrial steel fibers using Digital Image Correlation technique and X-ray micro computed tomography
PublikacjaPaper presents investigation of fracture phenomenon in plain concrete and in concrete reinforced with both recycled steel fibers (RSF) and industrial steel fibers (ISF). The wedge splitting test (WST), which enables stable crack propagation for quasi-brittle materials, was carried out on 75 75 75 mm cube samples. Initially, fracture process zone development was investigated only on the surface of samples using Digital Image Correlation...
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Skuteczne prognozowanie krótkoterminowe mocy farm wiatrowych
PublikacjaPrognozowanie mocy wytwórczej konkretnej farmy wiatrowej (FW) w horyzoncie 24-godzinnymwymaga zarówno wiarygodnej prognozy wietrzności, jak i narzędzi wspomagających. Narzędzie to jest dedykowanym modelem mocy farmy. Model powinien uwzględniać nie tylko ogólne zasady przetwarzania energii wiatru na energię mechaniczną, ale także cechy szczególnekonkretnej farmy. Liczba czynników wpływających na moc farmy jest duża i dokładna prognozamocy,...
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Evaluation of the Macro- and Micro-Economic Factors Affecting the Financial Energy of Households
PublikacjaThis paper is an evaluation of the common macro-economic, micro-economic, and social factors affecting households’ financial situations. Moreover, the author’s objective was to develop a fuzzy logic model for forecasting fluctuations in the number of nonperforming consumer loans in a country using the example of Poland. This study represents one of the first attempts in the global literature to develop such a forecasting model...
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A Method and Device for 3D Recognition of Cutting Edge Micro Geometry
PublikacjaA very useful method was successfully applied in the investigation of tools for machining wood and wood based composites. It allows scanning of the cutting edge micro geometry in three dimensions and reproducing it in a virtual space as a 3D surface. The application of the method opens new possibilities of studying tool wear by scanning, including the calculation of volume loss and other analysis of tool wedge geometry along and...
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GOOD HEALTH PRODUCTS AND POLYMER COMPOSITES OBTAINED WITH THE USE OF NATURAL ORIGIN MICRO- AND NANOFIBERS
PublikacjaThe aim of this work was focused on good health products and polymer composites obtained with the use of natural origin micro- and nanofibers. Many different type of the natural plants are used in the production of good health products and polymer processing like curcuma, cellulose, microalgae and others. Often are used as a antioxidants and fillers. In this work the effect of algae and cellulose as a microfillers on the chosen...
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High temperature corrosion of evaporator tubes with thermal sprayed coatings
PublikacjaDegradation examinations of outer surface of low-emission steam boiler evaporator tubes are presented in the paper. Metallographic evaluation of scale morphology, its micro sites chemical composition analysis and distribution of elements on cross sections have been performed. Water-wall tubes were exposed in steam boiler for up to two years period. Common tubes made of 16Mo3 steel suffered sulphide and molten salts corrosions....
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Electrochemicalsynthesis of 3D nano-/micro-structured porous polypyrrole
PublikacjaIn this work, electrosynthesis of electroactive, 3D nano-/micro-structured porous polypyrrole film is presented. The PPy film was synthesized potentiostatically in a one-step process from aqueous solution of pyrrole and lithium perchlorate. The growth mechanism of such structure included: the formation of typical globular PPy film, followed by the formation of the PPy fibers, which then took part in the formation of 3D highly porous...
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Intelligent microbearing project with memory of stress-strain history
PublikacjaTaking into account the increasing need of intelligent micro-bearing with memory, this paper presents the optimization, simulation and practical application of operating parameters(load carrying capacity, friction forces, friction coefficient, wear), simulation for hydrodynamic HDD micro-bearing with curvilinear nano-grooved journal profile. One of the reason of such journal profile is that this journal profile contributes to the...
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Wieloobszarowa rozmyta regulacja PID mocy reaktora jądrowego
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wieloobszarowy regulator rozmyty z lokalnymi regulatorami PID dla sterowania mocą reaktora jądrowego typu PWR. Wykorzystano model matematyczny o parametrach skupionych reaktora PWR obejmujący procesy generacji i wymiany ciepła oraz efektów reaktywnościowych. Nastawy lokalnych regulatorów PID zostały dobrane w sposób optymalny, minimalizując całkowy wskaźnik jakości ISE. Na przykładzie pokazano że zastosowane...
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A study on microcrack monitoring in concrete: discrete element method simulations of acoustic emission for non-destructive diagnostics
PublikacjaThe research is focused on the monitoring of fracture evolution in concrete beams under three-point bending using the acoustic emission technique and the discrete element method. The main objective of the study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanism behind the generation of elastic waves during acoustic emission events and their interaction with micro- and macro-cracking in concrete beams under monotonic...
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Regulacja napięcia w sieci nN z rozproszonymi źródłami energii
PublikacjaPodłączanie rozproszonych źródeł energii do sieci energetycznych niskiego napięcia powoduje powstawanie problemów zmienności i niesymetrii napięcia, zwłaszcza w przypadku dużych odległości od transformatora zasilającego. W skrajnych przypadkach zachodzi konieczność redukcji mocy generowanej przez źródło podczas oddawaniu energii do sieci. Rozwiązaniem tego problemu jest zastosowanie energoelektronicznego regulatora napięcia składającego...
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Saint-Venant torsion based on strain gradient theory
PublikacjaIn this study, the Saint-Venant torsion problem based on strain gradient theory is developed. A total form of Mindlin's strain gradient theory is used to acquire a general Saint-Venant torsion problem of micro-bars formulation. A new Finite Element formulation based on strain gradient elasticity theory is presented to solve the Saint-Venant torsion problem of micro-bars. Moreover, the problem is solved for both micro and macro...
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Porous carbon derived from rice husks as sustainable bioresources: insights into the role of micro-/mesoporous hierarchy in hosting active species for lithium–sulphur batteries
PublikacjaThe exploration of natural resources as sustainable precursors affords a family of green materials. Exploring highly abundant and available biowaste precursors remaining from food processing throughout a scalable and cost-effective material synthesis path is highly important especially for new materials discovery in emerging energy storage technologies such as lithium–sulphur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, we have produced a series...
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Snapshot of micro-animals and associated biotic and abiotic environmental variables on the edge of the south-west Greenland ice sheet
PublikacjaMicroinvertebrates play a role as top consumers on glaciers. In this study we tested what kind of cryoconite material the animals inhabit (mud vs granules) on the edge of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) in the south-west. We also tested the links between the densities of micro-fauna in cryoconite material and selected biotic (algae, cyanobacteria, bacterial abundances) and abiotic (water depth, pH, ion content, radionuclides) factors....
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Wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej - diagnoza i terapia
PublikacjaW artykule przeanalizowano stan i dalszy rozwój krajowego sektora wytwarzania energii elektrycznej w świetle najnowszych raportów Międzynarodowej Agencji Energetycznej, wskazujących potencjalne trendy i perspektywy w światowej energetyce. Na tle przewidywanego wzrostu zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną wskazano na możliwość istotnego ograniczenia emisji CO2 drogą zastąpienia przestarzałych, nieefektywnych...
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WYDZIELONE STRUKTURY W ZDECENTRALIZOWANYM SYSTEMIE ELEKTROENERGETYCZNYM
PublikacjaJednym z trendów, które są obserwowane we współczesnych systemach elektroenergetycznych jest stopniowa decentralizacja, będąca w dużej mierze efektem rosnącej roli generacji rozproszonej oraz ewolucją odbiorców w stronę prosumeryzmu. Rośnie rola lokalnego bilansowania i rodzi się zapotrzebowanie na powstawanie lokalnych struktur organizacyjnych, dążących do wydzielenia części infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej. Rodzi to nie tylko...
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Characteristics of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3-δ -supported micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells with LaCo 0.4 Ni 0.6-x Cu x O 3-δ cathodes
PublikacjaIn this study, micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (T-SOFCs) with extruded La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte as the mechanical support and LaCo0.4Ni0.6O3-δ (LCNO) or LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ (LCNCO) as cathodes were prepared and characterized. Partial substitution of Cu for the Ni-ion positions in the LCNO lattices was found to significantly enhance the densification and accelerate the grain growth. The porosity-corrected...
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Hybrid systems using hydrodynamic cavitation/ultrasound/Fenton processes for effective treatment of wastewater
PublikacjaThe present situation of rapid growth in industrialization generates complex recalcitrant pollutants that are challenging to degrade by conventional wastewater treatment processes. The new generation pollutants such as non-metals in cosmetics or household cleaning chemicals and radioactive compounds which are recalcitrant are the emerging threat to the ecosystem. The headstrong micro and macro pollutants present in wastewater are...
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3D X-ray Micro-CT Analysis of Rebar Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Subjected to a Chloride-Induced Environment
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental investigations of the concrete cover protective ability to coun-teract rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete cubes. To study and quantify the consequences of corrosion a reinforced concrete sample was subjected to chloride-induced environment in order to get corroded and combined with un-corroded sample. Chloride-accelerated technique can in-duce a high degree of corrosion within at a controlled...
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Advanced Turbine Cycles with Organic Media
PublikacjaOrganic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants have become very popular and have found their applications in systems with renewable sources of energy. So far their overall efficiencies are not very impressive and only for the upper temperature of about 300 °C do they exceed 20%. A drawback of these cycles is the limitation of the cycle upper temperature due to the heat exchanger technology and the materials used. However, it is possible...
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Investigations of Aerodynamics of Tesla Bladeless Microturbines
PublikacjaThe paper presents an analysis of a Tesla bladeless turbine for a co-generating micro-power plant of heat capacity 20 kW, whichoperates in an organic Rankine cycle with a low-boiling medium. Numerical calculations of flow in several Tesla turbine models areperformed for a range of design parameters. Results of investigations exhibit interesting features in the distribution of flowparameters within the turbine interdisk space. The...
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Ladder-Based Synthesis and Design of Low-Frequency Buffer-Based CMOS Filters
PublikacjaBuffer-based CMOS filters are maximally simplified circuits containing as few transistors as possible. Their applications, among others, include nano to micro watt biomedical sensors that process physiological signals of frequencies from 0.01 Hz to about 3 kHz. The order of a buffer-based filter is not greater than two. Hence, to obtain higher-order filters, a cascade of second-order filters is constructed. In this paper, a more...
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The influence of soluble microbial products on microbial community composition: hypothesis of microbial community succession
PublikacjaRozpuszczalne produkty mikrobiologiczne (SMP) są związkami organicznymi wytwarzanymi podczas rozkładu substratów przez mikroorganizmy osadu czynnego. Zbadano mikroskopowo zmiany składu zespołów mikrobiologicznych (organizmów jedno- i wielokomórkowych) pod wpływem obniżonego lub zwiększonego poziomu SMP. Wysoka zawartość SMP w znacznym stopniu zmieniła skład zespołów mikrobiologicznych, od orzęsków osiadłych (12-175 µm), do...
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ARCHITECTURE OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN POMORZE
PublikacjaThe history of energetic use of the rivers of Pomerania (Pomorze) is traced from the late Middle Ages. Their potential due to geographical specificity of the region was still attractive in the era of electricity of the19th and the first half of the 20th century. Configuration of the terrain, geological, and natural restrictions, but mainly energetic potential of particular localization were crucial for economical success of the...
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Experimental research on helical coil biomass boiler with oil as a heating fluid
PublikacjaThis paper presents an experimental research of helical coil biomass boiler with thermal oil heating agent. Heat exchanger consists of two coaxial helical coils swept by the flue gases. The burner is a single vertical retort connected to the fuel tank (wooden pellets). The boiler is a part of micro-power plant in which the heat from the boiler is exchanged with low-boiling HFE7100 to produce steam for a custom steam turbine. The...
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Computationally efficient two-objective optimization of compact microwave couplers through corrected domain patching
PublikacjaFinding an acceptable compromise between various objectives is a necessity in the design of contemporary microwave components and circuits. A primary reason is that most objectives are at least partially conflicting. For compact microwave structures, the design trade-offs are normally related to the circuit size and its electrical performance. In order to obtain comprehensive information about the best possible trade-offs, multi-objective...
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Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan
PublikacjaMismatch between energy demand and supply from last two decades has been increasing because of the domination of expensive imported oil in energy mix of Pakistan. To import crude oil Government paid US $ 9 billion in 2008–2009 to meet the energy demands...
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Buckling Analysis of a Micro Composite Plate with Nano Coating Based on the Modified Couple Stress Theory
PublikacjaThe present study investigates the buckling of a thick sandwich plate under the biaxial non-uniform compression using the modified couple stress theory with various boundary conditions. For this purpose, the top and bottom faces are orthotropic graphene sheets and for the central core the isotropic soft materials are investigated. The simplified first order shear deformation theory (S-FSDT) is employed and the governing differential...
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A Quantitative Investigation of Dislocation Density in an Al Matrix Composite Produced by a Combination of Micro-/Macro-Rolling
PublikacjaAn aluminum matrix composite with dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was produced via flake powder metallurgy using a micro-rolling process and vacuum hot pressing (VHP), followed by conventional rolling using a macro-rolling process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced composites were studied. In addition, a new quantitative model was introduced to study the dislocation density based on the microstructural...
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SIMULATIONS OF FRACTURE IN CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER BENDING USING A CONTINUUM AND DISCRETE APPROACH
PublikacjaThe paper describes two-dimensional meso-scale results of fracture in notched concrete beams under bending. Concrete was modelled as a random heterogeneous 4-phase material composed of aggregate particles, cement matrix, interfacial transitional zones and air voids. Within continuum mechanics, the simulations were carried out with the finite element method based on a isotropic damage constitutive model enhanced by a characteristic...
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Porównanie działania transformatora symetryzującego (zygzak) z aktywnym energoelektronicznym symetryzatorem prądów fazowych linii niskiego napięcia
PublikacjaNa potrzeby planowania sieci niskiego napięcia operatorzy systemów dystrybucyjnych (OSD) zakładają symetryczne warunki obciążenia linii. Z roku na rok, rośnie liczba rozproszonych systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) zainstalowanych w sieciach niskiego napięcia, których większość to małe jednofazowe systemy dachowe. Dodatkowo, do niesymetrii obciążenia przyczyniają się instalowane masowo pompy ciepła i ładowane jednofazowo samochody...
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Spatial aspects of urban air quality management: Estimating the impact of micro-scale urban form on pollution dispersion
PublikacjaUrban planning and design solutions affect urban ventilation conditions, thus mitigating the effects of atmospheric pollution. However, these findings are not being implemented in the planning practice to a sufficient extent, partly due to the lack of specific guidelines. Moreover, many urban air quality monitoring (AQM) sites have low represnentativeness and thus do not provide comprehensive data for effective urban air pollution control...
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Wide-field magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy color centers with randomly oriented micro-diamonds
PublikacjaMagnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond has gained significant interest among researchers in recent years. Absolute knowledge of the three-dimensional orientation of the magnetic field is necessary for many applications. Conventional magnetometry measurements are usually performed with NV ensembles in a bulk diamond with a thin NV layer or a scanning probe in the form of a diamond tip, which requires a...
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Direct shear stress vs strain relation for fiber reinforced composites
PublikacjaThe majority of fiber reinforced composites exhibit strong non-linear behavior in in-plane shear state. The effect is attributed to the micro-cracks appearing in the matrix and can be modeled on the micro and macro level. In this work the author proposes constitutive laws describing the non-linear in-plane shear response, which can be alternative for the relations commonly considered in the literature. The proposed equations are...
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1.2V low-power four-quadrant CMOS transconductance multiplier operating in saturation region.
PublikacjaW pracy opisano niskomocową strukturę układową liniowego transkonduktancyjnego mnożnika czteroćwiartkowego pracującego w zakresie nasycenia. Układ analizowano z uwzględnieniem standardowego 0,35-mikrometrowego procesu CMOS. Przeprowadzone symulacje przy pomocy programu SPICE wykazały wysoką liniowość w odniesieniu do obu wejść sterujących X, Y. Np. dla sygnału harmonicznego 1 MHz; 0,3Vp-p na wejściu Y uzyskano zniekształcenia...
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Deep eutectic solvents in analytical sample preconcentration Part B: Solid-phase (micro)extraction
PublikacjaOne of the key challenges of modern analytical chemistry is the monitoring of trace amounts of contaminants using sensitive and selective instrumental techniques. Due to the variety and complexity of some samples, it is often necessary to properly prepare a sample and to perform a preconcentration of trace amounts of analytes. In line with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), it is important for an analytical procedure...
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Polish tax reform "Polski Ład" – consequences of introducing changes on the example of selected flat-rate tax forms for micro and small companies
PublikacjaThis article describes aspects related to the introduction of the latest tax reform in Poland. The changes initiated in January 2022, under the name Polski Ład, concern a wide range of tax changes in Poland. Reform, in a broad sense, is a multidimensional government development program, which is primarily aimed at getting out of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a smooth transition to financing strategic goals in investment...
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Simple Measurement Method for Resistive Sensors Based on ADCs of Microcontrollers
PublikacjaA new, complete measurement method for resistance measurement of resistive sensors for systems based on microcontrollers equipped with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed. The interface circuit consists of only four resistors, including a resistive sensor and a reference resistor, connected directly to the microcontroller pins. It is activated only during measurements, which significantly reduces power consumption....
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POSSIBILITY OF ASSESSMENT OF OPERATION OF SLIDING BEARINGS IN PISTON-CRANK MECHANISMS OF DIESEL ENGINES WITH REGARD TO LOAD AND TIME OF CORRECT WORK OF THE BEARINGS BY APPLYING ACOUSTIC EMISSION AS A DIAGNOSTIC SIGNAL
PublikacjaAbstract: The paper presents a possibility of determining (assessing) operation of sliding bearings with multilayer bushings in crank-piston mechanisms of diesel engines. Properties of load and wear, particularly fatigue and abrasive, are characterized in general. Acoustic emission as a diagnostic signal was proved to be useful for detection of the wear of sliding and barrier layers. Results of measurements of acoustic emission...
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Electrostatic Zipping Actuators—Analysis of the Pull-In Effect Depending on the Geometry Parameters
PublikacjaContinuous work on a new generation of actuators, referred to as artificial muscles, resulted in the initiation of work on electrostatic zipping actuators, the concept of which is derived from micro electro-mechanical devices. Despite partial knowledge of their basic operating parameters, a question remains whether electrostatic zipping actuators are able to meet the expectations in the context of generated forces and control possibilities....