Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: WATER PROTECTION
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Rural Landscape Planning for Sustainable Development. The Case of Poland
PublikacjaThis text results from theoretical study on the possibilities of rural landscape renovation in Poland. The introduction marks new spatial phenomena and the scope of their influence. It indicates social and cultural reasons of the changes, and states the need of their renewed interpretation. The second part of the article contains a description of the degrading cultural landscape of the country and presents its features. It then...
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Geo-Questionnaire for Environmental Planning: The Case of Ecosystem Services Delivered by Trees in Poland
PublikacjaStudies on society and the environment interface are often based on simple questionnaires that do not allow for an in-depth analysis. Research conducted with geo-questionnaires is an increasingly common method. However, even if data collected via a geo-questionnaire are available, the shared databases provide limited information due to personal data protection. In the article, we present open databases that overcome those limitations....
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Graphene Reinforced Phenolic Foams
PublikacjaPhenolic foams (PF) belong to the polymeric materials, which are very attractive from the point of many possible applications such as insulation or fire protection materials. This chapter attempts to explain the influence of graphene and graphene derivatives on the phenolic foams. This work briefly presents different graphene nanoparticles introduced to the phenolic foams matrix, in terms of impact on the thermal, mechanical, and...
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RCDs Tripping in the Range from DC to AC 50 kHz for Slowly Rising Residual Current
PublikacjaThe wide use of power electronic converters means that in many low-voltage systems earth fault currents containing components from DC to AC of various frequencies have to be taken into account. Due to the tendency to increase the modulation frequency in converters, components of higher frequencies may be in the order of several tens of kilohertz. Therefore, it is very important to verify the behavior of devices for protection against...
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The landscape in the informal education of the youngest
PublikacjaThe European Landscape Convention, adopted in 2000, aims to promote the protection, management and planning of landscapes and to organise cooperation on landscape-related issues. Countries that ratified the Convention undertook to introduce activities that would promote public education on the subject. In Poland, the Ministry of Education has identified schools as the place to implement...
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Novel amides of mycophenolic acid and some heterocyclic derivatives as immunosuppressive agents
PublikacjaThe group of new amide derivatives of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and selected heterocyclic amines was synthesised as potential immunosuppressive agents functioning as inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) uncompetitive inhibitors. The synthesis employed uronium-type activating system (TBTU/HOBt/DIPEA) while or phosphonic acid anhydride method (T3P/Py) facilitating amides to be obtained in moderate to excellent yields without...
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Design of residential buildings in architecture education
PublikacjaThis article is based on an analysis of residential building designs made by students of the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (FA-GUT), Poland, and on the results of a survey conducted among these students. The purpose of the survey was to verify the broad, interdisciplinary knowledge of the students required in preparation for taking up design issues, as well as their ability to use this knowledge in...
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Effective yttrium based coating for steel interconnects of solid oxide cells: Corrosion evaluation in steam-hydrogen atmosphere
PublikacjaThis work describes manufacture, analysis and test of a new well conducting corrosion-protection coating that can be applied on steel types with high chromium content. Electrolytic deposition of yttrium salts is used to form thin (<100 nm) coatings on both flat steel sheets (material: Crofer 22 APU) and its properties are proven on woven wire-meshes (materials from two different sources: SUS316 and SUS316L). The oxide scale on...
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Assessing the Risk in Urban Public Transport for Epidemiologic Factors
PublikacjaPandemics have presented new challenges for public transport organisers and operators. New diseases (e.g., influenza H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome—SARS, as well as, more recently, SARS-CoV-2) increase the need for new protection measures to prevent epidemic outbreaks in public transport infrastructure. The authors’ goal is to present a set of actions in the area of public transport that are adjusted to different levels...
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Effect of solar radiation on current-carrying capacity of PVC-insulated power cables – the numerical point of view
PublikacjaPower cables are usually buried in the soil, which results in their relatively high current-carrying capacity. However, there are cases in which the starting/final section of a cable line runs along a pole of an overhead power line. Power cables can be directly exposed to solar radiation then, and this negatively influences their current-carrying capacity as well as estimated life of the cables’ insulation. An analysis of thermal...
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Portable Raman spectrometer - design rules and applications
PublikacjaRaman spectroscopy has become more popular due to its new prospective field applications in forensic sciences, war against terrorism, environment protection and other field chemical analysis. Raman spectrometers can be miniaturised to portable devices and their price is decreasing due to development of optoelectronics components. Unfortunately, this technology has still numerous limitations that influence their design and limit...
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Nowe stanowiska, rozmieszczenie i ochrona buławnika czerwonego Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. (Orchidaceae) w Puszczy Augustowskiej (NE Polska)
PublikacjaCephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. is a species under strict protection, very rare in the Suwałki region. In recent years, two sites were discovered in the Wigry National Park. The article presents a description of new localities and the distribution of the red helleborine in the Augustów Primeval Forest.
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A survey of strategies for communication networks to protect against large-scale natural disasters
PublikacjaRecent natural disasters have revealed that emergency networks presently cannot disseminate the necessary disaster information, making it difficult to deploy and coordinate relief operations. These disasters have reinforced the knowledge that telecommunication networks constitute a critical infrastructure of our society, and the urgency in establishing protection mechanisms against disaster-based disruptions. Hence, it is important...
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Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublikacjaMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
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Method of managing drill cuttings from shale gas formations
PublikacjaProposed management method of drill cuttings involves recycling for the expanded clay production. A theoretical presentation of the possibility, choosing planning path based on similarity between the materials used in the manufacture of expanded clay and oily cuttings. Application for the main stages of manufacture of expanded clay production of drill cuttings from shale gas extraction. Introduced into circulation solid waste partly...
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Problems in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher integriity levels
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some problems that have been encountered in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher safety integrity levels (SIL 3 and SIL 4) in the light of analyses outlined in a new version of the international standard IEC 61508:2010. Examples of such solutions are the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) and the safety instrumented systems...
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Computer-Aided Calculations of Earth Potential Rise in High Voltage Overhead Lines
PublikacjaHigh voltage overhead power lines with earth wires comprise towers made of conductive material. Some towers are in locations where people can be expected to be either for a long time or for a short time but very frequently. Evaluation of shock hazard near such towers requires calculation of line-to-earth short-circuit current, earth current and especially earth potential rise. Number of towers in high voltage power lines can exceed...
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The green waterfront of a city. Where are the limits of good planning? Gdansk case
PublikacjaThe aim of the article is to present the role of green public areas of waterfronts in shaping the image of cities, and the threats to such landscape which may be caused by wrong planning decisions. The case study of Gdansk sea-shore area in Poland is presented as an example to illustrate the values and potential of the waterfront landscape which can be easily destroyed by inadequate spatial development. Some theoretical studies...
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PV installations and the safety of residential buildings
PublikacjaThe dynamic development of the photovoltaic industry entails threats that have a direct impact on the safety of residential buildings. Appropriate design of a PV installation can be a challenge due to the multifaceted nature of this issue. The designer should take into account issues related to the selection of electrical parameters of the installation, adapting lightning and surge protection in accordance...
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Analysis of the Environmental Impact of the Hull Construction of a Small Vessel Based on LCA
PublikacjaIn recent years, issues related to the impact of human activity on the natural environment have become pressing, and the challenge of global warming necessitates immediate action. To support environmental protection efforts, it has become imperative to adopt a broader perspective when evaluating various products and systems. A valuable tool for such assessments is a life cycle assessment (LCA), which enables a comprehensive analysis...
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Electrical safety in low-voltage DC microgrids with B-type residual current devices
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are most popular devices used in low-voltage installations for protection against electric shock and fire. In cases of high risk of electric shock the application of RCDs is mandatory. Currently, the spread of local direct current (DC) microgrids is widely considered. This creates new challenges for protective systems, in particular those based on RCDs. The main purpose of the research is to test...
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Characteristics of odors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plant and methods for their identification and deodorization techniques
PublikacjaOdors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plants belong to a group of pollutants, which is the main cause of people complaining about atmospheric air quality. The limitation of emissions of unpleasant odors generated by wastewater treatment plants by using appropriate deodorization methods is omitted on numerous occasions. This can have a negative inflence on public trust and the quality of atmospheric air. The article...
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Graphene field-effect transistor application for flow sensing
PublikacjaMicroflow sensors offer great potential for applications in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip systems. However, thermal-based sensors, which are commonly used in modern flow sensing technology, are mainly made of materials with positive temperature coefficients (PTC) and suffer from a self-heating effect and slow response time. Therefore, the design of novel devices and careful selection of materials are required to improve the overall...
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Landscape as the tool of coherence in the land management of rural communes
PublikacjaEconomic and social transformation of rural areas in Poland after 1990 reveals itself through disintegration of previous spatial order. Building a new pattern requires a vision, which would counteract complex causes of disintegration. The latter belong to institutional domain of planning strategies and the area of common practices. Therefore, agreement on aims and means between spatial policy strategies and tactics of space users...
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The innovative exploitation of Brassica vegetables in the health quality food production chain
PublikacjaIn this overview the multidirectional opportunities of innovative exploitation of chemical and biological properties of vegetables from Brassiceae family are discussed. The specific chemical composition of brassicas, as regard both nutrients and non-nutrients, renders them particularly suitable for the health food production chain, literally from field to fork. the ability of these plants to accumulate heavy metals may be utilised...
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The innovative Exploitation of Brassica Vegetables in the Health Quality Food Production Chain
PublikacjaIn this overview the multidirectional opportunities of innovative exploitation of chemical and biological properties of vegetables from Brassiceae family are discussed. The specific chemical composition of brassicas, as regard both nutrients and non-nutrients, renders them particularly suitable for the health food production chain, literally from field to fork. the ability of these plants to accumulate heavy metals may be utilised...
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On Algorithm Details in Multibeam Seafloor Classification
PublikacjaRemote sensing of the seafloor constitutes an important topic in exploration, management, protection and other investigations of the marine environment. In the paper, a combined approach to seafloor characterisation is presented. It relies on calculation of several descriptors related to seabed type using three different types of multibeam sonar data obtained during seafloor sensing, viz.: 1) the grey-level sonar images (echograms)...
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Impact of Intelligent Transport Systems Services on the Level of Safety and Improvement of Traffic Conditions
PublikacjaThe positive effects of the services of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on the level of transport systems operation was confirmed by long-term studies conducted, inter alia, in the USA, Japan and Europe. Benefits resulting from the application of ITS services can be presented through performance indicators. The indicators represent in a numerical or qualitative manner to what extent ITS services can contribute to improving...
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Functional safety analysis including human factors
PublikacjaThe article addresses selected aspects of human factors that should be taken into account during the design of safety-related functions for a complex hazardous installation and its protections. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often used for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To control the risk the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Magnetic Field Generated by Short Circuit Current in the 110 kV Power System
PublikacjaElectric fields within tissues induced by magnetic fields including transients or short-term peaks should not be time averaged and be regarded as instantaneous values as established in the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non - Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines. Measurements of power lines magnetic fields with regard to human beings exposure are carried out typically with maximum current load at current balance condition...
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Solid State Conductivity of Optimized Polypyrrole Coatings on Iron Obtained from Aqueous Sodium Salicylate Solution Determined by Impedance Spectroscopy
PublikacjaIn this work the optimization procedure for corrosion resistance, surface analysis and electrical properties of PPy-Fe electrodes have been examined. Polypyrrole (PPy) film was electrochemically synthesized in a one step process from an aqueous solution of sodium salicylate and pyrrole with certain concentrations, different parameters and type of polymerization...
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30 years of treatment wetland application in poland- progress and reserch
PublikacjaThe experiences with design and operation of constructed wetlands in the Pommerania region during last 30 years followed by carried out investigations of treatment processes lead to the following conclusions:First applications of constructed wetlands for biological sewage treatment were made in 1984-92. The later implementations of multi-stage constructed wetlands in the individual household and local scale enable wastewater treatment...
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Exploring the Institutional and Bottom-Up Actions for Urban Air Quality Improvement: Case Studies in Antwerp and Gdańsk
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of qualitative studies concerning the presence of air quality management in the process of urban planning and in the public discourse in Antwerp, Belgium, and Gdańsk, Poland. We focused on the way urban planners, environmental experts, and stakeholders perceive the problem of air pollution, especially with respect to urban development policy, and whether they consider it one of the major factors...
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The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia
PublikacjaModern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject...
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TiO2-C nanocomposite synthesized via facile surfactant-assisted method as a part of less energy-consuming LED-based photocatalytic system for environmental applications
PublikacjaA novel facile method was used to incorporate carbon into the titania structure. An alternative synthesis method of carbon-doped TiO2 has been proposed by using a widely used and cheap surfactant. During the process, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide plays a dual role, as a morphology modifier and as a carbon source. The presented approach allows obtained TiO2-C nanostructures to be anatase nanocrystals with carbon being deposited...
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Coastline change-detection method using remote sensing satellite observation data
PublikacjaCoastal zones are not only the fundaments for local economics based on trade, shipping and transport services, but also a source of food, energy and resources. Apart from offering diverse opportunities for recreation and tourism, coastal zones provide protection against storms and other meteorological disturbances. Environmental information is also essential because of the direct influence on a country’s maritime zones, which are...
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Microstructure and Properties of Electroless Ni-P/Si3N4 Nanocomposite Coatings Deposited on the AW-7075 Aluminum Alloy
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of mechanical and tribological tests of Ni-P/Si3N4 nanocomposite coatings deposited on the AW-7075 aluminum alloy using the chemical reduction method. The influence of the chemical composition on the Vickers microhardness determined by the DSI method was examined. The nanocomposite layers were made of Si3N4 silicon nitride in a polydisperse powder with a particle size ranging from 20 to 25 nm. The...
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Deep Learning-Based Intrusion System for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
PublikacjaThe increasing use of the Internet with vehicles has made travel more convenient. However, hackers can attack intelligent vehicles through various technical loopholes, resulting in a range of security issues. Due to these security issues, the safety protection technology of the in-vehicle system has become a focus of research. Using the advanced autoencoder network and recurrent neural network in deep learning, we investigated...
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Method of earth fault loop impedance measurement without nuisance tripping of RCDs in 3-phase low-voltage circuits
PublikacjaVerification of electrical safety in low-voltage power systems includes the measurement of earth fault loop impedance. This measurement is performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against indirect contact. The widespread classic methods and meters use a relatively high value of the measuring current (5–20) A, so that they are a source of nuisance tripping of residual current devices (RCDs). The meters dedicated to circuits...
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The influence of sterilization with EnbioJet Microwave Flow Pasteurizer on composition and bioactivity of aronia and blue-berried honeysuckle juices
PublikacjaIn this study, fruit juices that are rich sources of anthocyanins, obtained from aronia (Am. chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa) and blueberry honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis) were used to examine the preservation of plant phytochemicals and bioactivity upon sterilization -either thermal, or with an EnbioJet microwave flow pasteurizer. The chemical properties verified included determinations of anthocyanins and other...
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Propagowanie lub pochwalanie zachowań o charakterze pedofilskim. The Promotion or Commendation of Paedophilic Behaviour.
Publikacja"Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy przestępstwa publicznego propagowania lub pochwalania zachowań o charakterze pedofilskim. W ramach tekstu analizowane są kolejne elementy struktury tego występku, tj. przedmiot, strona przedmiotowa, podmiot oraz strona podmiotowa. Sama idea wprowadzenia przepisu do kodeksu karnego świadczy o szczególnym znaczeniu, jakie ustawodawca przykłada do ochrony małoletnich przed nadużyciami seksualnymi. Zwieńczenie...
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Low Current Transformer Utilizing Co-Based Amorphous Alloys
PublikacjaMetal oxide surge arresters have been widely used for protection of power system networks against overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges or malfunction of devices connected to the network. During its operation a surge arrester structure is degradated, what can be observed as an increase of a surge arrester leakage current. Paper presents an implementation of a new, high-permeability, Co64Fe4Ni1Si15B14 amorphous alloy as a current...
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Low current transformer utilizing Co-based amorphous alloys
PublikacjaMetal oxide surge arresters have been widely used for protection of power system networks against overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges or malfunction of devices connected to the network. During its operation a surge arrester structure is degradated, what can be observed as an increase of a surge arrester leakage current. Paper presents an implementation of a new, high-permeability, Co64Fe4Ni1Si15B14 amorphous alloy as a current...
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Managing the security vulnerabilities of critical systems and hazardous plants
PublikacjaRozdział poświęcono aktualnym problemom zarządzania ochroną obiektów podwyższonego ryzyka jako ważnych systemów infrastruktury krytycznej. Zarządzanie odpornością na ataki takich obiektów jest oparte na ocenach ryzyka. Podkreśla się, że występują ważne instalacje i systemy wymagające specjalnej uwagi i zabezpieczeń, szczególnie systemy kontroli dostępu do sterowni i urządzeń komunikacji. Opisuje się przykładowe technologie ochrony....
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Experimental investigation of Steel–Concrete–Polymer composite barrier for the ship internal tank construction
PublikacjaTransportation of dangerous cargo by ships demands ensuring an appropriate protection level in case of an accident. Two of the most dangerous accident types resulting in an oil spill are grounding and ship to ship collision. The article presents results of research on a new composite construction for a ship hull that increases structural safety during collision. The concept of semi-elastic Steel–Concrete–Polymer structure is presented....
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Characterization and properties of LDPE/(ground tire rubber)/crosslinked butyl rubber blends
PublikacjaIn recent years, interest in used rubber recycling, mainly focusing on the utilization of end-of-life tires, has heightened. This interest, is owing to the activities related to environmental protection and economic factors, which both stimulate companies to reuse the high-quality rubber present in ground rubber scrap. In this study, the application of crosslinked butyl rubber in thermoplastic compositions of low-density polyethylene...
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Phase change thermal energy storage – the experience of the materials preparation for the specific applications.
PublikacjaThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat, latent heat and reversible chemical reaction heat. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. Many innovative applications could be found...
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Localization and Orientation of Xanthophylls in a Lipid Bilayer
PublikacjaXanthophylls (polar carotenoids) play diverse biological roles, among which are modulation of the physical properties of lipid membranes and protection of biomembranes against oxidative damage. Molecular mechanisms underlying these functions are intimately related to the localization and orientation of xanthophyll molecules in lipid membranes. In the present work, we address the problem of localization and orientation of two xanthophylls...
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The Method of Selecting the Interval of Functional Tests Taking into Account Economic Aspects and Legal Requirements
PublikacjaThe article discusses the problem of choosing the optimal frequency of functional tests, taking into account the reliability and law requirements, but also the impact of business aspects in the company. The subject of functional test interval is well described for purposes of the process industry. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the machinery safety functions with low demand mode. This is followed by a presentation of the...
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Comparative wear test of journal sliding bearings with sintered bronze and Babbitt alloy bushes lubricated by environmentally acceptable/adapted lubricants (EAL)
PublikacjaA growing awareness of the negative effects of mineral oils on the natural environment has resulted in the introduction of new regulations related to environmental protection. One of these regulations requires the use of environmentally acceptable/adapted lubricants (EAL) to lubricate marine main shaft bearings, in place of the mineral lubricating oils that have been used for decades. Classification Societies, which supervise...