wyświetlamy 1000 najlepszych wyników Pomoc
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: KINETIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS
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Recovery of Anammox Biomass at Short Hydraulic Retention Time in a MBR Reactor
PublikacjaThe anammox system has been consider as an economical option for treating high concentration of nitrogen and poor in biodegradable orgaednic carbon wastewaters. This process is attractive option compared with conventional nitrogen removal because it provides a significant saving in aeration and organic addition for denitrification. The anammox technology has been applied mostly for concentrated nitrogenous wastewater containing...
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MODELING THE pH EFFECTS ON NITROGEN REMOVAL IN THE ANAMMOX-ENRICHED GRANULAR SLUDGE
PublikacjaThe aim of the study was to determine the pH effects on nitrogen removal in the anammox-enriched 10 granular sludge. The experimental data were extracted from a 4L completely-mixed batch reactor with the 11 granular sludge at different initial pH values (6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5) and constant temperature 12 T=30℃. Simulations were run in GPS-X 6.4 using a comprehensive mechanistic model Mantis2. Two 13 kinetic parameters,...
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Effect of irradiation intensity and initial pollutant concentration on gas phase photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays
PublikacjaWell-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated via one-step anodization process. The as-prepared TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic activity of obtained photocatalyst was studied in reaction of toluene degradation in the gas phase using low powered and low...
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In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for Excellent Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
PublikacjaIn-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several analyses, including FTIR, H-NMR, TGA, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM, were used to establish the nature of the HNTs’ surface engineering....
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The experience of movement in orbital space architecture: A narrative of weightlessness
PublikacjaBased upon a combination of architectural theories, the knowledge of space environment, and psychology of isolated and confined environments, this qualitative research aims to study orbital space settlement in a way to get the built space congenial to the human experience of movement. In this sense, sensors, self-propulsion or mechanical actuators, the inhabitant’s mental and visual capacity for movement, as well as the represented...
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Structural Adaptive, Self-Separating Material for Removing Ibuprofen from Waters and Sewage
Publikacja-cyclodextrin nanosponge (CDM) was used for the adsorption of ibuprofen (IBU) from water and sewage. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett– Joyner–Halenda (BJH), Harkins and Jura t-Plot, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and elementary analysis (EA)....
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Curved Surface Minijet Impingement Phenomena Analysed with ζ-f Turbulence Model
PublikacjaThe jet impingement phenomenon plays an important role among the heat transfer intensification methods. Very often its application and analyses refer to simple flat surfaces, while there is a lack of information in the literature for cases addressing curved surfaces. In the present work, the single jet impingement on the non-flat (concave and convex) surface is studied for a wide range of geometries, which originate from the mini-jet...
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Incorporation of the complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) process for modeling nitrification in suspended growth wastewater treatment systems
PublikacjaThe newly discovered process complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) has changed the traditional under-standing of nitrification. In this study, three possible concepts of comammox were developed and incorporated as part of an extended two-step nitrification model. For model calibration and validation, two series of long-term biomass washout experiments were carried out at 12 ◦C and 20 ◦C in a laboratory sequencing batch reactor....
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Laser Welding of UNS S33207 Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel to 6061 Aluminum Alloy Using High Entropy Alloy as a Filler Material
PublikacjaThe high entropy alloy (HEA) filler used during the fabrication method determines the reliability of HEAs for steel-aluminum dissimilar alloy configuration. HEAs have a direct impact on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed by the interaction of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al), and influence the size of the joint’s interaction zone. A novel welding process for Fe-Al alloy joints was developed to prevent the development...
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Conductive printable electrodes tuned by boron-doped nanodiamond foil additives for nitroexplosive detection
PublikacjaAn efficient additive manufacturing-based composite material fabrication for electrochemical applications is reported. The composite is composed of commercially available graphene-doped polylactide acid (G-PLA) 3D printouts and surface- functionalized with nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond foil (NDF) additives. The NDFs were synthesized on a tantalum substrate and transferred to the 3D-printout surface at 200 °C. No other electrode...
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Degradation of tetracycline antibiotic utilizing light driven-activated oxone in the presence of g-C3N4/ZnFe LDH binary heterojunction nanocomposite
PublikacjaIn the present study, a binary heterojunction nanocomposite composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Zn/Fe-contained layered double hydroxide (ZnFe LDH) was employed as heterogeneous catalyst for the decomposition of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic utilizing Oxone and UV light irradiation. The sole use of g-C3N4/ZnFe LDH as adsorbent led to the negligible elimination of TC. In addition, the sole use of Oxone or UV (photolysis)...
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ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE PROPULSION SHAFT FATIGUE PROCESS IN A ROTATING MECHANICAL SYSTEM PART II IDENTIFICATION STUDIES – DEVELOPING THE FATIGUE DURABILITY MODEL OF A DRIVE SHAFT
PublikacjaThe article presents a continuation of research carried out concerning identification of energy consequences of mechanical fatigue within a propeller shaft in a rotating mechanical system, while working under conditions of the loss of the required alignment of shaft lines. Experimental research was carried out on a physical model reflecting a full-sized real object: i.e., the propulsion system of the ship. It is proven, by means...
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Kinetics of molecular decomposition under irradiation of gold nanoparticles with nanosecond laser pulses—A 5-Bromouracil case study
PublikacjaABSTRACT Laser illuminated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) efficiently absorb light and heat up the surrounding medium, leading to versatile applications ranging from plasmonic catalysis to cancer photothermal therapy. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the thermal, optical, and electron induced reaction pathways is required. Here, the electrophilic DNA nucleobase analog 5-Bromouracil (BrU) has been used as a model compound to...
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Highly Occupied Surface States at Deuterium-Grown Boron-Doped Diamond Interfaces for Efficient Photoelectrochemistry
PublikacjaPolycrystalline boron-doped diamond is a promising material for high-power aqueous electrochemical applications in bioanalytics, catalysis, and energy storage. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process of diamond forma-tion and doping is totally diversified by using high kinetic energies of deu-terium substituting habitually applied hydrogen. The high concentration of deuterium in plasma induces atomic arrangements and steric...
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Rozprzestrzenianie się w podtorzu skutków katastrof kolejowych z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych
PublikacjaDuża część przewozów materiałów niebezpiecznych prowadzona jest koleją. W związku z tym bezpieczeństwo tych przewozów nabiera coraz większego znaczenia. Każda katastrofa z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych ma negatywny wpływ na uczestników tego zdarzenia oraz na otaczające środowisko, bowiem jej zasięg na ogół nie jest lokalny. Z tego wynika, że w przypadku zaistnienia katastrofy należy minimalizować jej skutki oraz w dalszych...
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Zastosowanie odcinków nieliniowej krzywizny w torze zwrotnym rozjazdu kolejowego
PublikacjaW pracy została przedstawiona analityczna metoda kształtowania toru zwrotnego rozjazdu kolejowego posiadającego na swojej długości odcinki nieliniowej krzywizny. Odcinki te służą łagodzeniu wykresu krzywizny w skrajnych strefach rozjazdu W omawianej metodzie dokonano identyfikacji problemu rozkładu krzywizny za pomocą równań różniczkowych. Uzyskane rozwiązania mają charakter uniwersalny; m. in. pozwalają na przyjmowanie dowolnych...
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Load introduction to composite columns revisited—Significance of force allocation and shear connection stiffness
PublikacjaThe AISC 360-16 Specification recommends that the design shear force between parts of a composite column in the load introduction area shall be calculated based on the force allocation at ultimate limit state. Applicability of this straightforward method to the load levels that usually arise in slender composite columns is questionable, as this capacity-based force allocation is only true when the axial force is equal to the plastic...
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Architectural and Urban Planning Solutions for the Protection of Heritage Buildings in the Context of Terrorist Attacks: Following the Example of Passive Protection Systems
PublikacjaEvents in recent years showing numerous terrorist attacks raise awareness regarding the neces-sity of considering the safety of heritage buildings. The analysis of available data allows us to conclude that it is not possible to fully prevent terrorist attacks. On the other hand, it is possible to minimize the impact of such incidents through proper design of Passive Protection System (PPS) components. One possible architectural...
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Impacts in case of triple unilaterally constrained system
PublikacjaThe this paper focus on the behaviour of a “rigid” body biting into another “rigid” body, with some nonzero relative velocity. In the presently considered case, the introduced collision appears between a selected element of a multibody structure and its reference body being interpreted as the motionless ground. Instead of the classic case, described in a number of dissertations, where a single impacting contact is considered, three...
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A review on analytical models of brushless permanent magnet machines
PublikacjaThis study provides an in-depth investigation of the use of analytical and numerical methods in analyzing electrical machines. Although numerical models such as the finite-element method (FEM) can handle complex geometries and saturation effects, they have significant computational burdens, are time-consuming, and are inflexible when it comes to changing machine geometries or input values. Analytical models based on magnetic equivalent...
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Proportional-Derivative and Model-Based Controllers for Control of a Variable Mass Manipulator
PublikacjaIn the paper, numerical analysis of dynamics of a variable mass manipulator is presented. A revolute joints composed manipulator is considered. Payload of the gripper is considered as the only element characterized by unknown value of its mass (variable between subsequent operations). As in other cases of the revolute joints composed manipulators, its behaviour dependents significantly on the pose of the manipulator. When the manipulator...
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Numerical Issues and Approximated Models for the Diagnosis of Transmission Pipelines
PublikacjaThe chapter concerns numerical issues encountered when the pipeline flow process is modeled as a discrete-time state-space model. In particular, issues related to computational complexity and computability are discussed, i.e., simulation feasibility which is connected to the notions of singularity and stability of the model. These properties are critical if a diagnostic system is based on a discrete mathematical model of the flow...
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Projektowanie łuków koszowych dostosowane do pomiarów satelitarnych
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono nową metodę projektowania rejonu zmiany kierunku trasy kolejowej, dostosowaną do techniki ciagłych pomiarów satelitarnych. Metoda ta może się okazać szczególnie przydatna podczas projektowania regulacji osi istniejącego toru, kiedy określenie obu kierunków głównych trasy okazuje się niemożliwe. Jedynym rozwiązaniem staje się wówczas wprowadzenie do układu geometrycznego dwóch łuków kołowych o różnym promieniu,...
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Accurate modeling of quasi-resonant inverter fed IM drive
PublikacjaIn this paper wide-band modeling methodology of a parallel quasi-resonant dc link inverter (PQRDCLI) fed induction machine (IM) is presented. The modeling objective is early-design stage prediction of conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions of the considered converter fed IM drive system. Operation principles of the selected topology of PQRDCLI feeding IM drive are given. Modeling of the converter drive system is...
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Magnetoacoustic Heating in Nonisentropic Plasma Caused by Different Kinds of Heating-Cooling Function
PublikacjaThe nonlinear phenomena which associate with magnetoacoustic waves in a plasma are analytically studied. A plasma is an open system with external inflow of energy and radiation losses. A plasma’s flow may be isentropically stable or unstable. The nonlinear phenomena occur differently in dependence on stability or instability of a plasma’s flow. The nonlinear instantaneous equation which describes dynamics of nonwave entropy mode...
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Discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump
PublikacjaThis paper presents results of discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Evolution Strategies (ES) are used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump is performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...
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Recycled Polyurethane as a Second Phase in Thermoset Blends and Its Effect on Thermal Degradation Kinetics Studies
PublikacjaA new approach is introduced in the modification of thermosetting polymer by using different amount of polyurethane of waste origin. The post consumer polyurethane foam coatings are degraded using glycolysis process and the recycled product is further converted into new polyurethane. The blending of recycled polyurethane with epoxy exhibits transparency and produces nanostructures. The effective interaction between two polymers...
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Effects of subfilter velocity modelling on dispersed phase in LES of heated channel flow
PublikacjaA non-isothermal turbulent flow with the dispersed phase is modelled using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach for fluid, one-way coupled with the equations of point-particle evolution. The channel is heated at both walls and isoflux boundary conditions are applied for fluid. Particle velocity and thermal statistics are computed. Of particular interest are the r.m.s. profiles and the probability density function of particle...
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Smoothed transition curve for railways
PublikacjaThe work draws attention to the existing situation in the area of transition curves used in the geometric layouts of the railway track. Difficulties in the practical implementation and maintenance of very small horizontal ordinates of the transition curve and the ordinates of the gradient due to cant in the initial section, appearing on smooth transition curves, were indicated. The main reason for this situation was the excessive...
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The Discrete-Continuous, Global Optimisation of an Axial Flow Blood Pump
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of the discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Differential evolution (DE) is used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in a relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump are performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...
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Effective configuration of a double triad planar parallel manipulator for precise positioning of heavy details during their assembling process
PublikacjaIn the paper, dynamics analysis of a parallel manipulator is presented. It is an atypical manipulator, devoted to help in assembling of heavy industrial constructions. Few atypical properties are required: small workspace; slow velocities; high loads. Initially, a short discussion about definition of the parallel manipulators is presented, as well as the sketch of the proposed structure. In parallel, some definitions, assumptions...
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A grey box model of glucose fermentation and syntrophic oxidation in microbial fuel cells
PublikacjaIn this work, the fermentative and oxidative processes taking place in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) fed with glucose were studied and modeled. The model accounting for the bioelectrochemical processes was based on ordinary, Monod-type differential equations. The model parameters were estimated using experimental results obtained from three H-type MFCs operated at open or closed circuits and fed with glucose or ethanol. The experimental...
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On the Matano Plane Position in Multicomponent Diffusion Couples
PublikacjaEven though several methods of diffusion analysis avoid a necessity for the Matano plane determination, the Matano plane locations are of interest in the multicomponent couples and when tracer experiments are performed. The positions of the Matano plane calculated from the concentration profiles should be exactly the same. However, due to experimental errors, the results can differ significantly. In the paper we consider Matano...
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On the Matano Plane Position in Multicomponent Diffusion Couples
PublikacjaEven though several methods of diffusion analysis avoid a necessity for the Matano plane determination, the Matano plane locations are of interest in the multicomponent couples and when tracer experiments are performed. The positions of the Matano plane calculated from the concentration profiles should be exactly the same. However, due to experimental errors, the results can differ significantly. In the paper we consider Matano...
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Experimental Investigations of Forced Convection of Nanofluids in Smooth, Horizontal, Round Tubes: A Review
PublikacjaA comprehensive review of published works dealing with experimental studies of forced convection heat transfer of nanofluids is presented. The survey is limited to straight, smooth, and round tubes. Moreover, only mono nanofluids exhibiting Newtonian behaviour are considered. Works on experimental research of forced convection in tubes are presented in a chronological order in the first part of the article. In this part, attention...
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Monitoring of breast tissue thermo-ablation by means of impedance measurements
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące monitorowania jakości termoablacji zmian nowotworowych w piersi przy pomocy pomiarów impedancyjnych. Pokazano prototypowe konstrukcje sond do termoablacji jak również zaprezentowano wyniki symulacji i pierwszych eksperymentów. A usefulness of a developed probe combining power delivery to ablated breast tumour and simultaneous impedance measurements is discussed in the paper. It consists...
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Application tool for IP QoS network design
PublikacjaDespite the fact that differentiated-service-aware network implementation has been a widely discussed topic for quite some time, network design still proofs nontrivial. Well developed software could put an end to network designer's problems. This chapter describes work, which has been aimed at creating a comprehensive network design tool, offering a fair range of functionality and high reliability. The presented tool is able to...
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Generalized Chebyshev Bandpass Filters With Frequency-Dependent Couplings Based on Stubs
PublikacjaThis paper presents an accurate synthesis method for inline and cross-coupled generalized Chebyshev bandpass filters with frequency-dependent couplings implemented via open and short stubs. The technique involves the synthesis of a lumped-element prototy pe in the form of a coupling matrix with a frequency-dependent term and the conversion of this prototype to a distributed-element mode l composed of sections of TEM lines. This...
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A comprehensive approach to SBR modelling for monitoring and control system design
PublikacjaThe aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive description of the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) modelling for monitoring, control, and plant operational optimisation validation. The paper provides a detailed modelling of the SBR, its components and constituent processes. For this purpose, the mass balance principle and continuity equations were provided with a reactive term implemented using Activated Sludge Model (ASM)....
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Nonreciprocal cavities and the time-bandwidth limit: comment
PublikacjaIn their paper in Optica 6, 104 (2019), Mann et al. claim that linear, time-invariant nonreciprocal structures cannot overcome the time-bandwidth limit and do not exhibit an advantage over their reciprocal counterparts, specifically with regard to their time-bandwidth performance. In this Comment, we argue that these conclusions are unfounded. On the basis of both rigorous full-wave simulations and insightful physical justifications,...
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On Applications of Elements Modelled by Fractional Derivatives in Circuit Theory
PublikacjaIn this paper, concepts of fractional-order (FO) derivatives are reviewed and discussed with regard to element models applied in the circuit theory. The properties of FO derivatives required for the circuit-level modeling are formulated. Potential problems related to the generalization of transmission-line equations with the use of FO derivatives are presented. It is demonstrated that some formulations of FO derivatives have limited...
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On instabilities and post-buckling of piezomagnetic and flexomagnetic nanostructures
PublikacjaWe focus on the mechanical strength of piezomagnetic beam-like nanosize sensors during post-buckling. An effective flexomagnetic property is also taken into account. The modelled sensor is selected to be a Euler-Bernoulli type beam. Long-range interactions between atoms result in a mathematical model based on the nonlocal strain gradient elasticity approach (NSGT). Due to possible large deformations within a post-buckling phenomenon,...
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Analityczna metoda projektowania łuków odwrotnych
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono nową metodę projektowania rejonu zmiany kierunku trasy kolejowej, dostosowaną do techniki Mobilnych Pomiarów Satelitarnych. Metoda ta może się okazać szczególnie przydatna wówczas, gdy obydwu prostych kierunków trasy nie można połączyć w sposób elementarny, stosując łuk kołowy z krzywymi przejściowymi; dotyczy to również. zastosowania łuku koszowego. Jedynym rozwiązaniem staje się wówczas wprowadzenie do układu...
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Charge Transfer, Complexes Formation and Furan Fragmentation Induced by Collisions with Low-Energy Helium Cations
PublikacjaThe present work focuses on unraveling the collisional processes leading to the fragmentation of the gas-phase furan molecules under the He+ and He2+ cations impact in the energy range 5–2000 eV. The presence of different mechanisms was identified by the analysis of the optical fragmentation spectra measured using the collision-induced emission spectroscopy (CIES) in conjunction with the ab initio calculations. The measurements of...
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Operation evaluation method for marine turbine combustion engines in terms of energetics
PublikacjaAn evaluation proposal (quantitative determination) of an y combustion turbine engine operation has been presented , wherein the impact energy occurs at a given time due to Energy conversion. The fact has been taken into account that in this type of internal combustion engines the energy conversion occurs first in the combustion chambers and in the spaces between the blade of the turbine engine. It was assumed that in the combustion...
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Cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a coldactive GDSL-esterase of a Pseudomonas sp. S9 isolated from Spitsbergen island soil
PublikacjaAn estS9 gene, encoding an esterase of the psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. S9 was cloned and sequenced. The deduced sequence revealed a protein of 636 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 69 kDa.Further amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the EstS9 enzyme contained a G-D-S-L motif centered at a catalytic serine, an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal autotransporter domain. Two recombinant E. coli...
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Persulfates to degrade a mixture of dyes (rhodamine B, methylene blue) in the presence of glucose and visible light
PublikacjaA treatment process utilizing visible-light-activated (Vis) persulfates (PS) in the presence of an organic promoter (glucose) was developed for the simultaneous decolorization of a rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) mixture. Various doses of glucose, PS concentrations, pH values, initial dye concentrations and process time were tested to find out the most appropriate parameters for degrading the RhB/MB mixture in the...
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Expermental investigation on adsorption of methylene blue dye from waste water using corncob cellulose-based hydrogel
PublikacjaHydrogel from corncob cellulose was synthesized in this investigation. The synthesized Hydrogel was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR instruments. As the results indicate the synthesized hydrogel has required and important features, these suggest the suitability of hydrogel for the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MBD). Three important process variables (dosage, contact time, and initial concentration) with three levels were...
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Screening stability, thermochemistry, and chemical kinetics of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid as a bifunctional biodiesel additive
PublikacjaThe thermo-kinetic aspects of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) pyrolysis in the gas phase were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), specifically the M06-2X theoretical level in conjunction with the cc-pVTZ basis set. The obtained data were compared with benchmark CBS-QB3 results. The degradation mechanism was divided into 16 pathways, comprising 6 complex fissions and 10 barrierless reactions. Energy profiles were calculated...
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The effects of the IM1-12Br ionic liquid and the oxytetracycline mixture on selected marine and brackish microorganisms
PublikacjaThe number of applications and commercialized processes utilizing ionic liquids has been increasing, and it is anticipated that this trend will persist and even intensify in the future. Ionic liquids possess desirable characteristics, such as low vapor pressure, good water solubility, amphiphilicity, and stability. Nevertheless, these properties can influence their environmental behavior, resulting in resistance to biotic and abiotic...