Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LIQUID-GAS FLOW MEASUREMENTS
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Optical emission spectroscopy of plasma generated by a waveguide-supplied microwave plasma source operated at 915MHz
PublikacjaIn this paper we present the results of an optical emission spectroscopic study of an atmospheric pressure microwave (915 MHz) nitrogen and nitrogen with carbon dioxide (1%) plasma at high working gas flow rate. This study was aimed at determining rotational Trot and vibrational Tvib temperatures of N+2 ions and N2, CN molecules. The plasma was generated in a waveguide-supplied cavity-resonant type microwave plasma source. All...
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Evidence for SrHo2O4 and SrDy2O4 as model J1- J2 zigzag chain materials
PublikacjaNeutron diffraction and inelastic spectroscopy is used to characterize the magnetic Hamiltonian of SrHo2O4 and SrDy2O4. Through a detailed computation of the crystal-field levels we find site-dependent anisotropic single-ion magnetism in both materials, and diffraction measurements show the presence of strong one-dimensional spin correlations.Our measurements indicate that competing interactions of the zigzag chain, combinedwith...
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Nonlinear phenomena of small-scale sound in a gas with exponential stratification
PublikacjaThe nonlinear dynamics of perturbations, quickly varying in space, with comparatively large characteristic wavenumbers k: k>1/H, is considered. H is the scale of density and pressure reduction in unperturbed gas, as the coordinate (H is the so-called height of the uniform equilibrium gas). Coupling nonlinear equations which govern the sound and the entropy mode in a weakly nonlinear flow are derived. They describe the dynamics...
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Adaptation of the arbitrary Lagrange–Euler approach to fluid–solid interaction on an example of high velocity flow over thin platelet
PublikacjaThe aim of this study is to analyse the behaviour of a thin plate with air flow velocities of 0.3–0.9 Ma. Data from the experiment and numerical tools were used for the analysis. For fluid–solid interaction calculations, the arbitrary Lagrange–Euler approach was used. The results of the measurements are twofold. The first one is the measurement of the flow before and after vibrating plate, i.e. pure flow plate, and the second consists...
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Household Ability of Expenditures on Electricity and Energy Resources in the Countries That Joined the EU after 2004
PublikacjaThe purpose of the following article is to present the situation of the energy market from a household perspective between 2010 and 2020 in selected EU countries (the group of member states which joined EU after 2004). The selected countries when joining the EU had similar economic indicators and to some extent were similar in other macro-economic situations (personal income, unemployment rate, GDP level and annual growth). This...
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SAMPLE-AND-HOLDING METHOD FOR GAS SENSING APPLIED FOR RESISTANCE GAS SENSORS
PublikacjaThe DC resistance of a Taguchi gas sensor is influenced by the ambient gas. To improve the selectivity and sensitivity of a sensor the fluctuation enhanced sensing (FES) was used. The paper proposes a novel methodology of utilizing FES technique that sample composition of an ambient atmosphere and hold it for further processing (sample-and-holding technique). The method uses the heated gas sensor to sample an ambient atmosphere...
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Hydrauliczna wiarygodność wyników pomiarów terenowych stosowanych do identyfikacji oporności hydraulicznej przewymiarowanych sieci wodociągowych
PublikacjaPublikacja zawiera zalecenia metodyczne dotyczące identyfikacji oporności hydraulicznej w przewymiarowanych sieciach wodociągowych na tle spotykanych nieprawidłowości. Krytycznie oceniono wyniki pomiarów terenowych, które zastosowano do tarowania komputerowych modeli przepływów (KMP) pomimo, że nie spełniały kryterium hydraulicznej wiarygodności. Ponadto zaproponowano spadek hydrauliczny jako obiektywny wskaźnik wiarygodności pomiarów,...
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UV-Light-Induced Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing by WO3-Based Gas Sensors
PublikacjaWO3-based gas sensors were investigated under UV-light irradiation and at different working temperatures with the object of achieving superior sensitivity and selectivity. Resistance fluctuations in the WO3 layer were studied together with dc resistance measurements. The data were taken in synthetic air, ethanol, nitrogen dioxide, and mixtures of these gases. We conclude that UV irradiation can easily be applied to enhance the...
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Influence of nanoparticle concentration on thermal properties of thermal oil-MWCNT nanofluid
PublikacjaResults of the measurements of dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH of thermal oil-MWCNT (TO-MWCNT) nanofluid have been presented. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0,1% by weight. Thermal oil (TO) was selected as a base liquid, because of possible application in ORC systems as an intermediate heating agent. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used...
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In Situ Verification of Numerical Model of Water Hammer in Slurries
PublikacjaThis paper presents a numerical model of transient flow in a pressure slurry pipeline network with verification based on in situ measurements. The model, primarily verified in laboratory conditions, has been extended and applied to the case of a large and complex slurry pipeline network in Poland. In the model, the equivalent density concept was applied. In situ experiments were performed for various unsteady flow episodes, caused by...
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Advanced operating methods
PublikacjaSelected operating methods of resistive gas sensors were presented. The methods utilize flicker noise (1/f noise), which gives additional information about ambient gas when compared with the recorded changes of DC resistance only. Methods of flicker noise measurements were outlined. Recently developed prototype gas sensors comprising golden nanoparticle functionalized with organic ligands can generate intense flicker noise induced...
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Effect of asymmetric fluid flow distribution on flow boiling in a microchannel heat sink – An experimental investigation
PublikacjaFlow boiling in microchannels is emerging as an exclusive cooling solution for miniaturized high-power electronic devices alongside having other high heat flux applications. Size miniaturization at microscale strangely increases heat transfer performance as well as flow boiling instabilities. Many flow boiling instabilities are interrelated and result from imperfect hydrodynamic conditions. One of such problems is flow maldistribution among...
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Bezpieczeństwo elektroenergetyczne dla pokoleń
PublikacjaW artykule przeanalizowano źródła energii pierwotnej, ich wystarczalnośći dywersyfikację w skali lokalnej i globalnej, problem dekarbonizacji polskiej elektroenergetyki na tle europejskiej polityki klimatycznej, osiągalność źródeł gazu jako efektywnego paliwa dla energetyki, polski program energetyki jądrowej, bezpieczeństwo zasilania elektrycznych systemów trakcyjnych jako strategicznej alternatywy...
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Simplified method of water cooled exhaust system design.
PublikacjaThe water cooled exhaust systems are not often used onboard ships. Prime goal is to lower temperature of exhaust gas from main propulsion and auxiliary engines to the defined limit. The design of such systems require detailed analysis of propulsion system operational parameters to meet designer expectations. The paper outlines the cooled exhaust system design problems in specific application. The simplified method of evaluation...
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Combined chemoresistive and in situ FTIR spectroscopy study of nanoporous NiO films for light-activated nitrogen dioxide and acetone gas sensing
PublikacjaThe chemoresistive sensor response of nanoporous NiO films prepared by advanced gas deposition was investigated by combined resistivity and in situ FTIR spectroscopy, with and without simultaneous light illumination, to detect NO2 and acetone gases. The sensitivity towards NO2 increased dramatically under UV irradiation employing 275 nm light. Improved sensitivity was observed at an elevated temperature of 150 °C. In situ FTIR...
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The Analysis of Vodka: A Review Paper
PublikacjaVodka is the most popular alcoholic beverage in Poland, Russia and other Eastern European countries, made from ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin that has been produced via fermentation of potatoes, grains or other agricultural products. Despite distillation and multiple filtering, it is not possible to produce 100 % ethanol. The solution with a minimum ethanol content of 96 %, which is used to produce vodkas, also contains trace amounts...
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Szybkie uziemniki do ograniczania skutków zwarć łukowych w okrętowych rozdzielnicach SN
PublikacjaW artykule scharakteryzowano moc i napięcie łuku, jak również przedstawiono model termodynamiczny służący do obliczania ciśnienia i temperatury gazów w otoczeniu łuku zwarciowego. Przedstawiono przykładowy układ elektrowni okrętowej i zasilania najważniejszych odbiorników na statku do przewozu gazu ziemnego w stanie ciekłym. Na podstawie parametrów prądnic i silników odbiorników zasilanych z rozdzielnicy głównej obliczono prądy...
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Heat transfer characteristics of hybrid microjet -microchannel cooling module
PublikacjaThe paper presents the experimental investigation of heat transfer intensification in a microjet- microchannel cooling module. Applied technology takes benefits from two very attractive heat removal techniques. When jets are impinging on the surface, they have a very high kinetic energy at the stagnation point, also in microchannels boundary layer is very thin allowing to obtain very high heat fluxes. Main objective of this paper...
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Innovative Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Device—Performance under Various Resistances and Operating Frequency Conditions
PublikacjaThis paper presents the operation of an innovative left ventricular assist device under various resistances and operating frequencies. The operating principle of the device is based on pulsatile blood flow, which is forced by a suction–discharge device pumping helium into a set of intra-cardiac balloons. In this way, the ejection fraction of the left ventricle is increased, and the mitral valve is additionally occluded. What is...
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Air trapping problem during infiltration on the large areas
PublikacjaThe process of flow modeling in unsaturated porous medium is often found in many fields of sciences: geology, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, microbiology or chemistry. Problem is relatively complicated due to complexity of the system which contains three phases: water, air and soil skeleton. The flow of water in such a medium can be described using two-phase (2PH) flow formulation, which accounts the inflow of air and water phases,...
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Mass transfer in Spinning Fluids Reactor — Measurement and prediction
PublikacjaSpecific mass transfer area (a) and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) are mass transfer parameters commonly used in the description and comparison of various chemical reactors’ constructions. Determination of these was performed for Spinning Fluids Reactor (SFR). Sodium sulfite oxidation in the presence of cobalt ion catalyst was used for the determination of a and kLa. The a and kLa were successful predicted....
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Application of Ionic Liquids in Amperometric Gas Sensors
PublikacjaThis article presents an analysis of available literature data on metrological parameters of the amperometric gas sensors containing ionic liquids as an electrolyte. Four mechanism types of signal generation in amperometric sensors with ionic liquid are described. Moreover, this article describes the influence of selected physico-chemical properties of the ionic liquids on the metrological parameters of these sensors. Some metrological...
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Capillary Electrophoresis in Determination of Low Molecular Mass Organic Acids
PublikacjaThis paper presents overviews the capabilities of capillary electrophoretic techniques to determine low molecular mass organic acids in a variety of aqueous, gas and solid samples. It mainly focuses on short - chain carboxylic acids containing one or more carboxylic groups and possibly some other functional groups (hydroxyl, keto-, amino- etc.). Finally the procedures applied to the determine the acids in different matrices are...
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Experimental study on the selected aspects of bow thruster generated flow field at ship zero-speed conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of experimental study on the interaction between the bow thrusters understood as the flow field changes generated by bow tunnel thruster in deep water conditions operated as a single and twin units. The research was limited to zero-speed case for the ship dead in the water. The influence of the hull form and jet spread between the neighbouring thrusters for several combinations of the applied bow...
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A system for acoustic field measurement employing cartesian robot
PublikacjaA system setup for measurements of acoustic field, together with the results of 3D visualisations of acoustic energy flow are presented in the paper. Spatial sampling of the field is performed by a Cartesian robot. Automatization of the measurement process is achieved with the use of a specialized control system. The method is based on measuring the sound pressure (scalar) and particle velocity (vector) quantities. The aim of the...
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The Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine with Extreme Throttled of Air or Exhaust Ducts
PublikacjaPresented paper shows the results of the laboratory tests on the relationship between the extreme throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct and gaseous emission from the marine engine. The object of research is a laboratory, 4-stroke, DI diesel engine, operated at loads from 50 kW to 250 kW at a constant speed equal to 750 rpm. During the laboratory tests the thermodynamic and exhaust gas emission characteristics...
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Numerical investigation on distribution characteristics of oxidation air in a lime slurry desulfurization system with rotary jet agitators
PublikacjaRotary jet agitator is an effective device for mixing, dispersing, dissolving, and suspending dispersed phases in liquid, and is particularly advantageous to the homogenization of oxygen-enriched air within the lime slurry desulfurization system. The distribution of oxygen-enriched air in agitators is vital for the process of gypsum crystallization and the homogeneous and sufficient oxygen-enriched air can promote the formation...
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The potential of LC–MS technique in direct analysis of perfume content
PublikacjaPerfumes are products that consist of a wide range of natural and synthetic compounds. Due to complex composition, the determination of their ingredients is a difficult task. Most of the perfume components are either volatile or semi-volatile; however, most of the attention has been paid to volatile ones, and thus, gas chromatography or electronic noses are generally used. Nevertheless, in this study, liquid chromatography coupled...
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Self-Organizing Wireless Nodes Monitoring Network
PublikacjaThe concept of data monitoring system and self-organizing network of multipurpose data transfer nodes are presented. Two practical applications of this system are also presented. The first of these is the wireless monitoring system for containers, and the second is the mobile monitoring system for gas air pollution measurements.
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Separation of Volatile Oxygen-containing Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography - selectivity comparison of different polarity stationary phases
PublikacjaThis paper present a results of the separation of 36 reference compounds belonging to the group of Volatile Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds (OVOCs) using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and three stationary phases of different polarity. A selectivity has been studied regarding to OVOCs and n -alkanes. The most useful for the separation of the group OVOCs is a polar ionic liquid stationary...
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Ring thruster - a preliminary optimisation study of ferrofluid seal and propeller
PublikacjaThe article reports the course of preliminary examination of a ferrofluid seal applied in liquid environment.A newly built research rig is described, and results of pressure tests performed for different shaft rotationsare discussed. Other studies carried out in the past only referred to the gas environment, while the presentexamination aims at finding an answer to the question whether magnetic liquids can be successfully used...
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Prototype of an opto-capacitive probe for non-invasive sensing cerebrospinal fluid circulation
PublikacjaIn brain studies, the function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) awakes growing interest, particularly related to studies of the glymphatic system in the brain, which is connected with the complex system of lymphatic vessels responsible for cleaning the tissues. The CSF is a clear, colourless liquid including water (H2O) approximately with a concentration of 99 %. In addition, it contains electrolytes, amino acids, glucose, and...
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Shallow Water Equations as a Mathematical Model of Whitewater Course Hydrodynamics
PublikacjaPredicting the positions of local hydraulic phenomena, as well as accurately esti-mating the depth and velocity of the water flow are necessary to correctly config-ure a whitewater canoeing course. Currently, a laboratory and full 3D CFD model-ing are typically used in the design process to meet these needs. The article points to another possibility which can be useful at the preliminary stage of the design. The authors show that...
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Micelle formation of Tween 20 nonionic surfactant in imidazolium ionic liquids
PublikacjaAggregation behavior of polyoxyethylene (POE)-type nonionic surfactant Tween 20 in imidazolium ionic liquids with varying chain length and different anions, such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and trifluoromethanesulfonate, was investigated by means of surface tension, conductivity and dynamic light scattering measurements. The role of the chain length, anion size as well as interactions...
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Comparative study of a bottoming SRC and ORC for Joule–Brayton cycle cooling modular HTR exergy losses, fluid-flow machinery main dimensions, and partial loads
PublikacjaEnergy conversion efficiency increase in power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors via implementation of the bottoming cycle was investigated under nominal and minimal thermal load of a high-temperature reactor (HTR). Heat transfer surface area and turbine outlet volumetric flow rate in bottoming cycles was also investigated. Water and two low-boiling point working fluids (ammonia and ethanol) were analyzed. Analyzed...
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Determination of volatile organic compounds in water samples using membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) (headspace version)
PublikacjaThe results of a study on the use of membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the headspace above the liquid medium are presented. The sampled VOCs were subsequently quantified by gas chromatography (GC). Two systems were compared in this study, i.e. a novel two-phase sorption system (M-SPME), and a commercial fibre. Headspace sampling using SPME was optimized with respect...
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Gas mixtures recognition using an array of amperometric gas sensors with drifting or faulty sensors
PublikacjaIn this study, the possibility of using selected methods for diagnostics of performance of matrix composed with six amperometric electrochemical gas sensors is investigated. Measurements of sensor responses in selected concentrations of single toxic gases or gas mixtures were performed and were repeated over time to show sensor drift. Additionally, the studies on the sensors’ drift were performed. The drift has been recognized...
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Removal of cyclohexane vapors from air in biotrickling filters: Effects of gas mixture composition and circular economy approach
PublikacjaThis work presents results of investigations on biotrickling filtration of air polluted with cyclohexane co-treated in binary, ternary and quaternary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mixtures, including vapors of hexane, toluene and ethanol. The removal of cyclohexane from a gas mixture depends on the physicochemical properties of the co-treated VOCs and the lower the hydrophobicity of the VOC, the higher the removal efficiency...
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The electrical properties mesurements of DIR-SOFC with Ce0.8Fe0.2O2-s functional layer
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the electrical properties mesurements of SOFC with Ce0.8Fe0.1O2-s layer. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding at 750oC. The layers were sintered at 1100oC.
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The electrical properties mesurements of DIR-SOFC with Ce0.8Co0.2O2-s functional layer
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the electrical properties mesurements of SOFC with Ce0.8Co0.1O2-s layer. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding at 750oC. The layers were sintered at 1100oC.
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The electrical properties mesurements of DIR-SOFC with Ce0.8Mn0.2O2-s functional layer
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the electrical properties mesurements of SOFC with Ce0.8Mn0.1O2-s layer. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding at 750oC. The layers were sintered at 1100oC.
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The electrical properties mesurements of DIR-SOFC with Ce0.8Ni0.2O2-s functional layer
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the electrical properties mesurements of SOFC with Ce0.8Ni0.1O2-s layer. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding at 750oC. The layers were sintered at 1100oC.
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The electrical properties mesurements of DIR-SOFC with CeO2-s functional layer
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the electrical properties mesurements of SOFC with CeO2-s layer. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding at 750oC. The layers were sintered at 1100oC.
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The electrical properties mesurements of DIR-SOFC with Ce0.8Cu0.2O2-s functional layer
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the electrical properties mesurements of SOFC with Ce0.8Cu0.1O2-s layer. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding at 750oC. The layers were sintered at 1100oC.
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Wireless systems of threats monitoring
PublikacjaThe concept of wireless system of threats monitoring with self-organizing network of multipurpose data transfer nodes are presented. Two practical applications of this system are also presented. The first of these is the Global Wireless Monitoring System for Containers, and the second is the Mobile Monitoring System for Gas Air Pollution Measurements.
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Wireless Systems of Threats Monitoring
PublikacjaConcept of wireless system of threats monitoring with self-organizing network of multipurpose data transfer nodes are presented. Two practical applications of this system are also presented. The first of these is the Global Wireless Monitoring System for Containers and the second is the Mobile Monitoring System for Gas Air Pollution Measurements.
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Wireless systems of threats monitoring
PublikacjaThe concept of wireless system of threats monitoring with self-organizing network of multipurpose data transfer nodes are presented. Two practical applications of this system are also presented. The first of these is the Global Wireless Monitoring System for Containers, and the second is the Mobile Monitoring System for Gas Air Pollution Measurements.
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Przykłady realizacji i interpretacji wyników sondażowych pomiarów terenowych w czynnych systemach dystrybucji wody
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono przebieg realizacji i rezultaty sondażowych pomiarów terenowych w trzech układach dystrybucji wody o zróżnicowanym przewymiarowaniu sieci wodociągowej. Pomiary przeprowadzono w dążeniu do identyfikacji właściwości (cech) strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych układów po wieloletniej ich eksploatacji. Ustalenia te determinują opracowanie programu realizacji pomiarów dla potrzeb tarowania komputerowego modelu przepływu...
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Przykłady realizacji i interpretacji wyników sondażowych pomiarów terenowych w czynnych systemach wodociągowych
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono przebieg realizacji i rezultaty sondażowych pomiarów terenowych w trzech układach dystrybucji wody o zróżnicowanym przewymiarowaniu sieci wodociągowej. Pomiary przeprowadzono w dążeniu do identyfikacji właściwości (cech) strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych układów po wieloletniej ich eksploatacji. Ustalenia te determinują opracowanie programu realizacji pomiarów dla potrzeb tarowania komputerowego modelu przepływu...
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Sustainable synthesis of cyclic carbonates from bio‐based polyether polyol: the structure characterization, rheological behaviour and thermal properties
PublikacjaThe cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides represents a green efficient method to form bis(cyclic carbonate)s. The main purpose of the work reported in this paper was to examine the effect of the gas flow rate (20, 40, 60 and 100 mL min–1) during carbonation on the conversion yield, chemical structure, rheological behaviour and thermal properties of the prepared compounds. A series of new bis(cyclic carbonate)s was obtained from bio‐based...