Filtry
wszystkich: 592
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: gas sensor
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Influence of sensor design and optical properties of tissue on the photoplethysmographic signal
PublikacjaPhotopletysmography and an associated technique called pulse oximetry are still explored due to the expectations that they give a lot of information about the state of the patient and, also, due to the fact that they are non invasive. Knowledge about the impact of various parameters on the measured signal leads to a faster and a more reliable way of analyzing measurement results and finding the dependencies between the involved...
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EVALUATION OF THE NO2CONCENTRATION PREDICTION POSSIBILITYBASED ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF TGS SENSORSAT CHANGING HUMIDITY LEVELS
PublikacjaThe commercially available metal-oxide TGS sensors are widely used in many applications due to thefact that they are inexpensive and considered to be reliable. However, they are partially selective and theirresponses are influenced by various factors,e.g. temperature or humidity level. Therefore, it is importanttodesign a proper analysis system of the sensor responses. In this paper, the results of examinations of eightcommercial...
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Upper Limb Bionic Orthoses: General Overview and Forecasting Changes
PublikacjaUsing robotics in modern medicine is slowly becoming a common practice. However, there are still important life science fields which are currently devoid of such advanced technology. A noteworthy example of a life sciences field which would benefit from process automation and advanced robotic technology is rehabilitation of the upper limb with the use of an orthosis. Here, we present the state-of-the-art and prospects for development...
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Horizontally-split-drain MAGFET - a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor
PublikacjaWe propose a novel magnetic field sensitive semiconductor device, viz., Horizontally-Split-Drain Magnetic-Field Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (HSDMAGFET) which can be used to measure or detect steady or variable magnetic fields. Operating principle of the transistor is based on one of the galvanomagnetic phenomena and a Gradual Channel Detachment Effect (GCDE) and is very similar to that of Popovic and Baltes's SDMAGFET. The...
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Excitation-independent constant conductance isfet driver
PublikacjaA new constant conductance driver for ISFETs sensors has been developed. The proposed circuit maintains the sensor operating point at constant drain-source conductance. The combination of a simple, self-balancing resistance bridge and the subtraction half (or similar fraction) of source-drain voltage from the gate-source voltage provides the independence of output signal from current and voltage drivers instability. The use of...
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Acquisition and indexing of RGB-D recordings for facial expressions and emotion recognition
PublikacjaIn this paper KinectRecorder comprehensive tool is described which provides for convenient and fast acquisition, indexing and storing of RGB-D video streams from Microsoft Kinect sensor. The application is especially useful as a supporting tool for creation of fully indexed databases of facial expressions and emotions that can be further used for learning and testing of emotion recognition algorithms for affect-aware applications....
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Optimal ECG lead for deriving respiratory signal
PublikacjaEDR is an interesting measuring technique that allows an indirect assessment of respiratory activity. This is an alternative solution to direct methods that are based on the measurement of air flow, which require a specialized sensor or even a system. However, due to inter-personal anatomical differences, the optimal ECG lead (placement of the electrodes) ensuring the best EDR signal quality is not fixed. An influence of ECG lead...
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Measurements of the optical and thermal properties of the 2D black phosphorus coating
PublikacjaBlack phosphorus is a 2D material, which properties are still being discovered. In this paper, the sensitivity to the temperature of a few-layer black phosphorus coating deposited, on the surface of a microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor, by a dip-coating method is presented. The coating was investigated after 2, 3, and 5 deposition cycles and during temperature growth from 50 °C to 300 °C in an interferometric setup. The intensity...
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STUDY OF ARRAY OF MEMS INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS UNDER QUASI-STATIONARY AND DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
PublikacjaA measurement system includes all components in a chain of hardware and software that leads from a measured variable to processed data. In that context, the type and quality of the sensors or measuring devices are critical to any measurement system. MEMS/IMU sensors lag behind leading technologies in this respect, but the MEMS/IMU performance rapidly changes while is relatively inexpensive. For this reason, the paper proposes...
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Evaluation of Ambient Air Odour Quality in Vicinity of Municipal Landfill Using Electronic Nose Technique
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of investigation on ambient air quality evaluation with respect to concentration of odorants in a vicinity of municipal landfill. The investigation was carried out with a prototype of electronic nose and a team of panelists utilizing the Nasal Ranger field olfactometers. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co. and one PID-type sensor. Performed measurements...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Evaluating the position of a mobile robot using accelerometer data
PublikacjaThis paper analyses the problem of determining the position of a robot using an accelerometer, which is an essential part of inertial measurement units (IMU). The information gained from such a gauge, however, requires double integration of sensor data. To assure an expected effect, a mathematical model of a low-cost accelerometer of the MEMS type is derived. Moreover, in order to improve the performance of positioning based on...
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Calibration of precipitation estimation algorithm with particular emphasis on the Pomeranian region using high performance computing
PublikacjaFast and accurate precipitation estimation is an important element of remote atmosphere monitoring, as it allows, for example, to correct short-term weather forecasts and the prediction of several types of meteorological threats. The paper presents methodology for calibrating precipitation estimation algorithm based on MSG SEVIRI sensor data, and Optimal Cloud Analysis product available via EumetCast transmission. Calibration is...
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Vision-based parking lot occupancy evaluation system using 2D separable discrete wavelet transform
PublikacjaA simple system for rough estimation of the occupancy of an ad-hoc organized parking lot is presented. A reasonably simple microprocessor hardware with a low resolution monochrome video camera observing the parking lot from the location high above the parking surface is capable of running the proposed 2-D separable discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based algorithm, reporting the percentage of the observed parking area occupied by...
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Road surface roughness estimation employing integrated position and acceleration sensor
PublikacjaAssessment of a surface quality being an essential task for the authorities supervising the roads provides the subject of the paper. Information about riding quality of a pavement, important for drivers, both in terms of their comfort and safety is collected during experiments employing mobile sensors. The paper describes the use of a miniature position and acceleration sensor for evaluation of the roughness of the road surface....
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Stochastic resonance in measurements
PublikacjaNoise is usually associated with the negative phenomenon, hampering the measurements data and their analysis. This view has been broken in the '80s when the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (Stochastic Resonance - SR) was discovered. It is a phenomenon that occurs in nonlinear dynamic measurement systems when the selected input noise can optimize system performance. SR became a way to improve efficiency of weak signals detection....
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Evaluating the mobile robot positions using accelerometer data
PublikacjaThis paper analyzes the problem of determining the position of a robot using an accelerometer, which is an essential part of inertial measurement units (IMU). The information gained from such a gauge, however, requires double integration of sensor data. To assure an expected effect, a mathematical model of a low-cost accelerometer of the MEMS type is derived. Moreover, in order to improve the performance of positioning based on...
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An optimised placement of the hard quality sensors for a robust monitoring of the chlorine concentration in drinking water distribution systems
PublikacjaThe problem of an optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in drinking water distribution systemsunder several water demand scenarios for a robust monitoring of the chlorine concentration is formulatedin this paper. The optimality is understood as achieving a desired trade off between the sensors and theirmaintenance costs and the accuracy of estimation of the chlorine concentration. The contribution of thiswork is a comprehensive...
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An application of acoustic sensors for the monitoring of road traffic
PublikacjaAssessment of road traffic parameters for the developed intelligent speed limit setting decision system constitutes the subject addressed in the paper. Current traffic conditions providing vital data source for the calculation of the locally fitted speed limits are assessed employing an economical embedded platform placed at the roadside. The use of the developed platform employing a low-powered processing unit with a set of microphones,...
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Real‐Time PPG Signal Conditioning with Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) Network for Wearable Devices
PublikacjaThis paper presents an algorithm for real‐time detection of the heart rate measured on a person’s wrist using a wearable device with a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor and accelerometer. The proposed algorithm consists of an appropriately trained LSTM network and the Time‐Domain Heart Rate (TDHR) algorithm for peak detection in the PPG waveform. The Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) network uses the signals from the accelerometer...
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Influence of a Radio Frequency on RF Fingerprinting Accuracy Based on Ray Tracing Simulation
PublikacjaIn this paper the influence of a radio signal frequency on performance of Indoor Positioning System based on fingerprinting has been examined using ray-tracing simulations. It has been simulated how spatial distribution of an RF signal strength change with the signal’s frequency. The results were used to show its’ impact on the behavior of localization algorithms that are employing RSS measurements to determine node’s position...
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Multi-sensor monitoring of the corrosion rate and the assessment of the efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor in utility water installations
PublikacjaThis paper presents an implementation of the monitoring of the corrosion rate and the assessment of the efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor in a utility water installation using an automated corrosion monitoring system. Due to the fact that the corrosion inhibitor was added to water intended for human consumption, it was necessary to build a multi-sensor monitoring system. In order to implement corrosion monitoring using a linear...
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Processing of acoustical data in a multimodal bank operating room surveillance system
PublikacjaAn automatic surveillance system capable of detecting, classifying and localizing acoustic events in a bank operating room is presented. Algorithms for detection and classification of abnormal acoustic events, such as screams or gunshots are introduced. Two types of detectors are employed to detect impulsive sounds and vocal activity. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to discern between the different classes of...
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Applying Decisional DNA to Internet of Things: The Concept and Initial Case Study
PublikacjaIn this article, we present a novel approach utilizing Decisional DNA to help the Internet of Things capture decisional events and reuse them for decision making in future operations. The Decisional DNA is a domain-independent, standard and flexible knowledge representation structure that allows its domains to acquire, store, and share experiential knowledge and formal decision events in an explicit way. We apply this approach...
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Highly sensitive microwave sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator for sensing liquid materials
PublikacjaThis paper presents high-sensitivity sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator and modified open complementary split-ring resonator operating at 4.5 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The sensors are designed for the detection of multiple liquid materials, including distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The liquid under test is filled in a glass container loaded using a pipette. Compared to the conventional...
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Reconfigurable Antennas for Trustable Things
PublikacjaIn modern applications, the Internet of Things plays a significant role in increasing the productivity, effectiveness or safety and security of people and assets. Additionally, the reliability of Internet of Things components is crucial from the application point of view, where a resilient and low-latency network is needed. This can be achieved by utilizing reconfigurable antennas to enhance the capabilities of the wireless sensor...
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Inertial Sensors Applications in Underwater Measurements
PublikacjaOver the past decades microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) researchers have demonstrated a number of microsensors for almost every possible sensing modality, including attitudes. Current MEMS inertial measurement units (IMU) come in many shapes, sizes, and costs — depending on the application, and performance required. MEMS sensors have proved and demonstrated performance exceeding those of their macroscale counterpart sensors. In...
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Scene Segmentation Basing on Color and Depth Images for Kinect Sensor
PublikacjaIn this paper we propose a method for segmenting single images from Kinect sensor by considering both color and depth information. The algorithm is based on a series of edge detection procedures designed for particular features of the scene objects. RGB and HSV color planes are separately analyzed in the first step with Canny edge detector, resulting in overall color edges mask. In depth images both clear boundaries and smooth...
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Audio-visual surveillance system for application in bank operating room
PublikacjaAn audio-visual surveillance system able to detect, classify and to localize acoustic events in a bank operating room is presented. Algorithms for detection and classification of abnormal acoustic events, such as screams or gunshots are introduced. Two types of detectors are employed to detect impulsive sounds and vocal activity. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to discern between the different classes of acoustic...
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Design of a Distributed System using Mobile Devices and Workflow Management for Measurement and Control of a Smart Home and Health
PublikacjaThe paper presents design of a distributed system for measurements and control of a smart home including temper- atures, light, fire danger, health problems of inhabitants such as increased body temperature, a person falling etc. This is done by integration of mobile devices and standards, distributed service based middleware BeesyCluster and a workflow management system. Mobile devices are used to measure the parameters and are...
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Influence of ESPAR antenna radiation patterns shape on PPCC-based DoA estimation accuracy
PublikacjaIn the article, we show the influence of three different electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna radiation patterns on the overall direction of arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy when power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm, relying on received signal strength (RSS) values, is used for the estimation. The ESPAR antenna designs were obtained for three optimization goals, which resulted in different...
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Asynchronous WAM with Irregular Pulse Repetition
PublikacjaRadiolocation systems for aviation based on Multi-Lateration (MLAT) typically use a set of synchronised ground sensors to receive radio signals broadcast by onboard transmitters. In most cases, the sensor synchronisation in Wide Area Multi-Lateration Systems (WAM) is provided by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. However, in the case of synchronisation failure, there is still a possibility to estimate the coordinates...
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Low-coherence sensors with nanolayers for biomedical sensing
PublikacjaIn this paper, we describe the fiber optic low-coherence sensors using thin film. We investigated their metrological parameters. Presented sensors were made with the use of standard telecommunication single mode optical fiber (SMF28). Different materials were applied to obtain thick layers, such as boron doped diamond, silver and gold. The thickness of layers used in the experiments ranged from 100 nm to 300 nm. Measurements were...
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A modern approach to an unmanned vehicle navigation
PublikacjaA traditional approach to manned vehicles navigation uses a data combined form a variety of navigation sensors like satellite, inertial and time-of-flight. With support of operators perception, chart and sensor, data are analyzed and navigation decisions are made. An unmanned platforms navigation needs an operators support, who is supervising a platforms decision process, basing on navigation data obtained via variety of electronic...
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation for ESPAR Antennas Using Support Vector Machine
PublikacjaIn this letter, it is shown how direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation for electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas, which are designed to be integrated within wireless sensor network nodes, can be improved by applying support vector classification approach to received signal strength (RSS) values recorded at an antenna's output port. The proposed method relies on ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns measured...
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Damage detection in plates based on Lamb wavefront shape reconstruction
PublikacjaMany of the current studies in the area of damage detection using elastic wave propagation are based on deploying sensor networks with a large number of piezoelectric transducers to detect small-size cracks. A major limitation of these studies is that cracks are usually larger and have different shapes in real cases. Moreover, using a large number of sensing nodes for damage detection is both costly and computationally intensive....
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Sensors and Sensor’s Fusion in Autonomous Vehicles
PublikacjaAutonomous vehicle navigation has been at the center of several major developments, both in civilian and defense applications. New technologies such as multisensory data fusion, big data processing, and deep learning are changing the quality of areas of applications, improving the sensors and systems used. New ideas such as 3D radar, 3D sonar, LiDAR, and others are based on autonomous vehicle revolutionary development. The Special...
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Autonomous Control of the Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle in Collision Situation with Stationary Obstacle
PublikacjaThe article considers the problem of autonomous control of the underwater remotely operated vehicle mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) in a collision situation with a stationary obstacle. The control of the collision avoidance process is presented as a synthesis of fuzzy proportional-differential controllers for the control of distance and orientation concerning the detected stationary obstacle. The control of the submergence...
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Impact of surface skin temperature change on blood flow characteristics in palm
PublikacjaHeating a human palm during 3 minutes period causes changes in superficial skin temperature and leads to thermoregulation system response. The response time and level of flow characteristics change depend on the subject hand size and health of his vascular tree. A solution of Pennes bioheat propagation model was analyzed in order to see how much heat has to be transferred into the tissue to extort the observable reaction. The reflective...
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The Decisional DNA-Based Smart Bike for Internet of Things
PublikacjaIn this paper, we introduce a novel application of the Internet of Things, the Decisional DNAbased Smart Bike. The Decisional DNA is a domain-independent, flexible and standard knowledge representation structure; it allows its domains to acquire and store experiential knowledge and formal decision events in an explicit way. By using Decisional DNA, the sensor-equipped bicycle is able to learn its user’s weight, riding habits, etc....
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Optical monitoring of electrochemical processes with ITO-based lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor applied as an electrode
PublikacjaIn this work we discuss the application of optical fiber sensors based on lossy-mode resonance (LMR) phenomenon for real-time optical monitoring of electrochemical processes. The sensors were obtained by a reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering of indium tin oxide (ITO) on a 2.5 cm-long core of polymer-clad silica fibers. The LMR effect made monitoring of changes in optical properties of both ITO and its surrounding medium...
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A 1-nS 1-V Sub-1-µW Linear CMOS OTA with Rail-to-Rail Input for Hz-Band Sensory Interfaces
PublikacjaThe paper presents an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with low transconductance (0.62–6.28 nS) and low power consumption (28–270 nW) for the low-frequency analog front-ends in biomedical sensor interfaces. The proposed OTA implements an innovative, highly linear voltage-to-current converter based on the channel-length-modulation effect, which can be rail-to-rail driven. At 1-V supply and 1-Vpp asymmetrical input driving,...
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On-line measurement of wood surface smoothness
PublikacjaThe latest progress in the field of optics and microelectronics resulted in development of new generation vision systems capable of scanning surface topography with very high sampling frequencies. The blue color of illuminating light as well as novel systems for controlling ultra-thin laser line thickness allows measurement of the porous surface of wood with a triangulation method. Three alternative sensors were tested here in...
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Single-Slope ADC With Embedded Convolution Filter for Global-Shutter CMOS Image Sensors
PublikacjaThis brief presents an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) suitable for acquisition and processing of images in the global-shutter mode at the pixel level. The ADC consists of an analog comparator, a multi-directional shift register for the comparator states, and a 16-bit reversible binary counter with programmable step size. It works in the traditional single-slope mode. The novelty is that during each step of the reference ramp,...
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PCA based Fault Tolerant MPC
PublikacjaThis chapter presents a Fault Tolerant - Model Predictive Control (FT-MPC) schemes for sensor faults accommodation. A Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) Unit, which is an integral part of FT-MPC system, is based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Introduced approach enables efficient bias and drift faults accommodation in single, as well as simultaneous faults case. Simple simulation exercise is presented.Rozdział...
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Counting and tracking vehicles using acoustic vector sensors
PublikacjaA method is presented for counting vehicles and for determining their movement direction by means of acoustic vector sensor application. The assumptions of the method employing spatial distribution of sound intensity determined with the help of an integrated 3D intensity probe are discussed. The intensity probe developed by the authors was used for the experiments. The mode of operation of the algorithm is presented in conjunction...
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Accurate PPCC-Based DoA Estimation Using Multiple Calibration Planes for WSN Nodes Equipped with ESPAR Antennas
PublikacjaIn this paper, we have introduced a new direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method, which relies on received signal strength (RSS) values measured at the output port of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and uses the power pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) estimator. In the method, we have successfully incorporated measurements of ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns performed at multiple calibration...
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Detection of Face Position and Orientation Using Depth Data
PublikacjaIn this paper an original approach is presented for real-time detection of user's face position and orientation based only on depth channel from a Microsoft Kinect sensor which can be used in facial analysis on scenes with poor lighting conditions where traditional algorithms based on optical channel may have failed. Thus the proposed approach can support, or even replace, algorithms based on optical channel or based on skeleton...
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Detection, classification and localization of acoustic events in the presence of background noise for acoustic surveillance of hazardous situations
PublikacjaEvaluation of sound event detection, classification and localization of hazardous acoustic events in the presence of background noise of different types and changing intensities is presented. The methods for discerning between the events being in focus and the acoustic background are introduced. The classifier, based on a Support Vector Machine algorithm, is described. The set of features and samples used for the training of the...