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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SEMICONDUCTING WAFERS
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Possible application of new class of solvents in the purification of water used in hydraulic fracturing
PublikacjaNowym źródłem energii niekonwencjonalnej w Polsce może być gaz, który jest uwięziony w łupkach. Podczas poszukiwań gazu łupkowego, duże ilości wody wykorzystywanej w procesie szczelinowania hydraulicznego powracają na powierzchnię zanieczyszczone. Istnieje wiele metod usuwania śladowych ilości węglowodorów tj. fizyczne czyli filtracja czy chemiczne czyli zakwaszanie, ale mogą one być nieskuteczne. Pożądana metoda to monitorowanie...
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Hydrogen assisted cracking of 2205 duplex stainless steel in synthetic sea water
PublikacjaThe cracking behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) in synthetic sea water under cathodic polarization condition was investigated. (SSRT) method was employed in aim to evaluate the susceptibility to hydrogen assisted cracking. The results showed that the reduction in the uniform elongation (UEL) and the reduction of area (RA) varied with the applied cathodic current density. Significant reductions in ductility were found,...
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Space-Time Conservation Method applied to numerical solution of water hammer equations
PublikacjaArtykuł poświęcony jest metodzie czasoprzestrzennych objętości skończonych (STC) zastosowanej do przypadku uderzenia hydraulicznego w stalowym przewodzie pracującym pod ciśnieniem. Metoda STC ze względu na swoje własności numeryczne - m.in. wysoką dokładność - może być interesującą alternatywą dla tradycyjnych metod numerycznych, szczególnie w przypadku, gdy efekty numeryczne mają bardzo silny wpływ na rozwiązanie, tym samym utrudniając...
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Determination of metals in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry
PublikacjaMetal species in environmental waters are relevant to characterize the metal toxicity, the mobility between different environmental compartments, and for remediation purposes in case of contamination. The concentration of many trace metals in natural water samples are generally at µg/l level. The paper describes determination of metals in water samples based on flame atomic emission and flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Investigation of the distribution of imidazolium ionic liquids in the environment - aggregation in water and sorption on minerals
PublikacjaWpływ cieczy jonowych na środowisko, a w szczególności: migracja do wód powierzchniowych i gruntowych, jak również transport/retencja w gruntach jest determinowany przede wszystkim przez właściwości fizykochemiczne cieczy jonowej jak i właściwości matrycy środowiskowej. Znajomość zjawisk zachodzących w wyniku kontaktu cieczy jonowych z wodą oraz glebą jest jednym z podstawowych warunków oceny ryzyka chemicznego. W pracy wykazano,...
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Water related esthetics - the phenomenon of new structure in the post industrial shipyard areas
PublikacjaDirection of the main movements that are made in the European cities determines not only structural but also an esthetic changes. Paper follows the topic of visual diversity of post industrial waterfront cities and it’s relation to the local identity and cultural changes that are provided. Reshaping of the cities continuously proceed. Are those changes related with industrial shipyard districts only economical and spatial or also...
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Unusual structural properties of water within the hydration shell of hyperactive antifreeze protein
PublikacjaMany hypotheses can be encountered explaining the mechanism of action of antifreeze proteins. One widespread theory postulates that the similarity of structural properties of solvation water of antifreeze proteins to ice is crucial to the antifreeze activity of these agents. In order to investigate this problem, the structural properties of solvation water of the hyperactive antifreeze protein from Choristoneura fumiferana were...
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Influence of water and mineral oil on the leaks in satellite motor commutation unit clearances
PublikacjaThe article describes the flow rates of mineral oil and water flowing, as working media, through the commutation unit of a hydraulic satellite motor. It is demonstrated that geometrical dimensions of commutation unit clearances change as a function of the machine shaft rotation angle. Methods for measuring the rate of this flow and the pressure in the working chamber are presented. The results of pressure measurements in the working...
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Nodal models of Pressurized Water Reactor core for control purposes – A comparison study
PublikacjaThe paper focuses on the presentation and comparison of basic nodal and expanded multi-nodal models of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) core, which includes neutron kinetics, heat transfer between fuel and coolant, and internal and external reactivity feedback processes. In the expanded multi-nodal model, the authors introduce a novel approach to the implementation of thermal power distribution phenomena into the multi-node...
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Biosilica from sea water diatoms algae—electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study
PublikacjaHere, we report on an electrochemical impedance study of silica of organic origin as an active electrode material. The electrode material obtained from carbonized marine biomass containing nanoporous diatoms has been characterised by means of XRD, IR, SEM and EIS. Dif- ferent kinds of crystallographic phases of silica as a result of thermal treatment have been found. The electrode is electrochemically stable during subsequent cyclic...
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A Comparison of Simplified Two-dimensional Flow Models Exemplified by Water Flow in a Cavern
PublikacjaThe paper shows the results of a comparison of simplified models describing a two-dimensional water flow in the example of a water flow through a straight channel sector with a cavern. The following models were tested: the two-dimensional potential flow model, the Stokes model and the Navier-Stokes model. In order to solve the first two, the boundary element method was employed, whereas to solve the Navier-Stokes equations, the...
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Improvement of S355G10+N steel weldability in water environment by Temper Bead Welding
PublikacjaThe normalized S355G10 + N steel was chosen for testing, it is used in a variety of applications including the building of offshore structures, which may require repairs in water environment. The main aim of the work was to check susceptibility to cold cracking for fillet welds – Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) tests and butt welds – Tekken tests and in the next step evaluation of effectiveness of Temper Bead Welding (TBW) application...
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Correlation between charge density waves and antiferromagnetism in Nd1−xGdxNiC2 solid solutions
PublikacjaWe report a study on the evolution of a charge density wave and antiferromagnetism in the series of the polycrystalline solid solution Nd1−xGdxNiC2 (0 _ x _ 1) by means of magnetic and transport properties measurements. The experimental results reveal the violation of the de Gennes law and a strong correlation between the Peierls, Néel, and Curie-Weiss temperatures, which strongly suggests a cooperative interaction between the...
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Water uptake in protective organic coatings and its reflection in measured coating impedance
PublikacjaWater uptake in commercially available epoxy coating on mild steel using impedance spectroscopy and gravimetry was studied. The water content in the coating was determined using the Brasher-Kingsbury equation and various methods of coating capacitance calculation used in the literature. The obtained results were compared with reference gravimetric data. An overestimation of values obtained from impedance data in relation to gravimetric...
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF WATER TRAMS IN GDAŃSK, BYDGOSZCZ AND KRAKÓW
PublikacjaThe subject of this work is to identify and juxtapose solutions implemented in transport provided by water trams for the following cities: Gdańsk, Bydgoszcz and Kraków. As a result of the conducted analysis of transport factors, the degree of conformity of project objectives to the actual role of the water tram has been determined. It was found that the Kraków Water Tram (also known as Cracow Water Tram) is characterized by the...
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Environmentally friedly propeller shaft support with the use of water lubricated foil bearings
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono podsumowanie prowadzonych badań w celu opracowania oryginalnej metodyki projektowania oraz technologii wykonania pierwszego w świecie łożyska foliowego smarowanego wodą. Zaprezentowano koncepcje nowego łożyska foliowego poprzecznego oraz opisano opracowany algorytm obliczeniowy wykorzystany do predykcji jego charakterystyk. W rezultacie prowadzonych prac opracowano i przebadano doświadczalnie na stanowisku...
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Removal of organic compounds from water by solvent sublation. Criteria for solvent selection.
PublikacjaProces flotoekstrakcji zastosowano do usuwania z wody następujących związków organicznych: tetrachlorku węgla, chloroformu, 1,3,5-trimetylobenzenu (mezytylenu), fenolu i 2,4,5-trichlorofenolu. Jako odbierające fazy organiczne użyto: olej mineralny, 1-dekanol, 1-oktanol, octan amylu, dodekan i tetradekan. Mechanizmem decydującym o usuwaniu lotnych związków organicznych (VOC) było odparowanie do wnętrza pęcherzyków gazu, podczas...
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Direct algorithm for optimizing robust MPC of drinking water distribution systems hydraulics
PublikacjaModel-based predictive control is an effective method for control the large scale systems [1]–[6], [8], [16], [17]. Method is based on on-line solution of the control task over the control horizon using current and past measurements, as well as the system model. Only a first element of calculated control sequence is applied to the plant. At the next sampling instant, based on new process output measurements, control procedure is...
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FEM Calculations in Analysis of Steel Subsea Water Injection Flowlines Designing Process
PublikacjaPaper describes the result of theoretical research aimed at assessing the loads and operating conditions of a Coiled Tubing pipeline injecting water, suspended to the mining platform of Lotos Petrobaltic. For this purpose, appropriate calculation models have been developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM), taking into account the nature of the analyzed object and its loads. The analyzes were carried out for two pipes (previously...
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Study of the Flow Dynamics of Surface Water Masses in the Area of the Coastal Gulf of Gdansk
PublikacjaThe paper describes two methods of predicting the movement of small objects with surface water masses. One of the methods uses graph theory to describe the motion of water masses in port docks. The results of this study were compared to a simulation using the hydrodynamic numerical model M3D. The results obtained in a virtual environment were related to the experiments in the real world. In the coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk,...
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Ecological bearing systems for water turbines – research and development at Gdansk University of Technology
PublikacjaIncreasing requirements for environmental protection make it necessary to introduce new materials and designs. Hydroelectric power plants operating in direct contact with water reservoirs and rivers are potentially endangering water cleanliness, hence they should also be modernized in the way minimizing the environmental hazards. A lot of progress in this field has been achieved in last decades, but still there is much work to...
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Comparison of Ozonation and Evaporation as Treatment Methods of Recycled Water for Bioethanol Fermentation Process
PublikacjaThe paper compared the performance of the ethanol yield after alcoholic fermentation with samples of rejected (RW) and permeate water (PW), RW and PW treated by oxidation with ozone (O3) (5 and 15 min) and evaporation, aiming the recirculation back to the bioethanol process. RW and PW were collected after an anaerobic bioreactor (AnBR) used for stillage treatment. Nine types of fermentations were made, where one used 100% tap...
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How water mediates the long-range interactions between remote protein molecules
PublikacjaThe high crowding of macromolecules in the cytoplasm affects the processes that occur inside a living cell. It can, for example, promote the forming of various loosely connected structures of proteins. It also means that bulk water is, essentially, not present there. The relatively thin layer of solvent that separates macromolecules may be able to participate in the long-range interactions between them and make them respond to...
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Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Ship Propeller in Open Water Conditions for Inclined Flow
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of computational analyses simulating the open water tests of ship propeller in inclined flow. The results of computations are compared with the results of corresponding experimental analyses carried out in the towing tank of Ship Design and Research Centre (CTO S.A.). The object of the research was the model propeller identified as CP469. The aim of the study was to validate the results of numerical...
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New Generation of Water lubricated Foil bearing - Numerical Models and Experimental Verification
PublikacjaIn the paper a new idea of foil water lubricated bearing and methodology of hydrodynamic characteristics calculations is presented. To assesses the theoretical characteristics of these bearings two different computer models were built. First is structural model coupled with fluid model. It takes into account: fluid flow in the deformed fluid gap, specific design of bearing support and friction in bearing support. The second is...
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Experimental investigation of forced convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluids inside horizontal tubes,
PublikacjaIn this paper, forced convection of water–Al2O3 nanofluids inside horizontal copper tube is studied experimentally. Experiments were conducted for three, i.e. 0.1%, 1% and 5% nanoparticle mass concentrations under transition and turbulent flow regimes. Average heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop values were determined and compared to distilled water. Enhancement of heat transfer for lower nanoparticle concentration and...
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Magnetic semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of recalcitrant chemicals from flow back water
PublikacjaIn the present study treatability of persistent organic compounds from the flow back water after hydrauling fracturing was investigated. The combination of TiO2 photocatalyst and magnetic oxide nanoparticles enhance the separation and recoverable property of nanosized TiO2 photocatalyst. Fe3O4/ TiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by heteroagglomeration. The photocatalysts’ characteristics by X-ray diffractometry...
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The calculation long-term physical field created by water flow around the ship
PublikacjaThe paper presents a description of the problems with fluid flow around a ship. Using the described solution of the problem were performed numerical calculations using the boundary element method. Were also presented preliminary results of the calculation of pressure fields at the bottom of the ship, taking into account the impact of the bottom.
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Multistatic sonar for man-made lakes and water-power plants antiterrroristic protection
PublikacjaArtykuł opisuje nową koncepcję dopplerowskiego sonaru multistatycznego opracowanego w Katedrze Systemów Elektroniki Morskiej Politechniki Gdańskiej. System składa się z sieci hydrofonów rozmieszczonych równomiernie w obserwowanym akwenie oraz ze źródła dźwięku w postaci fali ciągłej o stałej częstotliwości i bardzo niskim natężeniu. Dzięki zastosowaniu specjalnie opracowanych algorytmów przetwarzania sygnałów uzyskuje się poprawną...
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Study of the formation of calcareous deposits on cathodically protected steel in Baltic sea water
PublikacjaPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the sedimentation of calcareous deposits occurs on cathodically protected steel in Baltic sea water. Design/methodology/approach – Steel electrodes were cathodically polarized in natural Baltic sea water at potential þ0.150 V vs Zn electrode in potentiostatic mode. During exposure chronoamperometric measurements were carried out. After the exposure, the electrode’s surface...
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Free convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal porous coated tube
PublikacjaThe main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of nanoparticles on heat transfer coefficients during free convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal porous coated tube under atmospheric pressure for nanoparticle concentration of 0.01% by weight. Contrary to published data present study concerns on free convection of nanofluids in extensive, quiescent fluid.
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Sediments and Water Analysis
PublikacjaUnfavorable side effects of different forms of anthropogenic activities can be found anywhere in the world. One of the basic characteristics of pollutants entering marine and ocean waters is their spread and movement in the global ocean. A portion of the substances entering the marine environment is rapidly degraded by chemical processes occurring in the air, sediments, and water, thereby losing their toxic properties. The biggest...
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Fuzzy Multi-Regional Fractional PID controller for Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor
PublikacjaThe paper presents the methodology for the synthesis of a Fuzzy Multi-Regional Fractional Order PID controller (FMR-FOPID) used to control the average thermal power of a PWR nuclear reactor in the load following mode. The controller utilizes a set of FOPID controllers and the fuzzy logic Takagi-Sugeno reasoning system. The proposed methodology is based on two optimization parts. The first part is devoted to finding the optimal...
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Ultrasound-assisted heterogeneous activation of persulfate and peroxymonosulfate by asphaltenes for the degradation of BTEX in water
PublikacjaThis study investigated – for the first time - the simultaneous degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX) by persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by asphaltenes (Asph) under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Advantageous properties such as high thermal stability, low production cost and extensive availability make asphaltenes as an appealing carbonaceous material for heterogeneous catalysis....
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Non-Linear Interaction of Harmonic Waves in a Quasi-Isentropic Flow of Magnetic Gas
PublikacjaThe diversity of wave modes in the magnetic gas gives rise to a wide variety of nonlinear phenomenaassociated with these modes. We focus on the planar fast and slow magnetosound waves in the geometryof a flow where the wave vector forms an arbitrary angleθwith the equilibrium straight magnetic field.Nonlinear distortions of a modulated signal in the magnetic gas are considered and compared to thatin unmagnetised gas. The case of...
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Analysis of hull, propeller and engine interactions in regular waves by a combination of experiment and simulation
PublikacjaAnalysis of hull, propeller and engine interactions in regular waves by a combination of experiment and simulation
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Water-lubricated stern tube bearing - experimental and theoretical investigations of thermal effects
PublikacjaThe paper presents research results of thermal phenomena accompanying operation of a water-lubricated stern tube bearing with axial grooves. Experimental tests revealed, that intensity of forced axial flow has strong influence on bush temperature. Numerical simulations focused on investigation of the thermal phenomena under operation of water-lubricated journal bearing showed, that restricted axial flow promotes backflow of the...
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Locust bean gum as green and water-soluble binder for LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 electrodes
PublikacjaLocust Bean Gum (LBG, carob bean gum) was investigated as an environmentally friendly, natural, and water-soluble binder for cathode (LFP) and anode (LTO) in lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion). For the frst time, we show LBG as an electrode binder and compare to those of the most popular aqueous (CMC) and conventional (PVDF) binders. The electrodes were characterized using TGA/DSC, the galvanostatic charge–discharge cycle test, cyclic...
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Design and Application of Magnetic Photocatalysts for Water Treatment. The Effect of Particle Charge on Surface
PublikacjaCore-interlayer-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2, CoFe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 and BaFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 magnetic photocatalysts were obtained. A water-in-oil microemulsion system with suitable surfactants was used for functionalization of the magnetic core with silica interlayer and TiO2-based photocatalyst. Uncoated and coated particles were characterized by electrophoretic meaurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),...
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The impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on surface water of small endorheic wetlands
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of the impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on small endorheic catchment basins. Particular attention was paid to pollution discharged from the road to the surface water, as well as changes in hydrological conditions in the vicinity of the road. In the study, surface water samples were analysed in terms of their electrolytic conductivity, pH and content of major minerals. GIS was also used to study transformation...
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Nonlinear Excitation of the Non-Wave Perturbations by the Magnetoacoustic Waves in the Non-Isentropic Plasma
PublikacjaNonlinear excitation of slow modes by the planar magnetosonic perturbations in a plasma is discussed. Plasma is an open system due to radiation and external heating. This may stipulate enhancement of wave perturbations and hence the acoustical activity of plasma. Plasma is assumed to be a homogeneous ideal gas with infinite electrical conductivity. The straight magnetic field is orthogonal to the velocity of fluid’s...
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Assessment of the Current Potential of Hydropower for Water Damming in Poland in the Context of Energy Transformation
PublikacjaThe present paper indicates that hydropower, including small hydropower plants (SHPs), may play a very important role in Poland’s energy transformation in the near future. The development of SHPs may also increase water resources in the steppe Poland. Additionally, the aim of the present research is to conduct the PEST analysis of SHPs in Poland, taking into account the SHP potential. For the first time, maps showing the power...
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Data and knowledge supporting decision-making for the urban Food-Water-Energy nexus
PublikacjaCities are hubs of innovation and wealth creation, and magnets for an increasing urban population. Cities also face unprecedented challenges in terms of food, water and energy scarcity, and governance and management. Urban environmental issues are no longer problems for experts to address but have become issues of public debate, in which knowledge from multiple sectors is needed to support inclusive governance approaches. Consequently,...
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Characterization of PVDF/Graphene Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Desalination with Enhanced Antifungal Activity
PublikacjaSeawater desalination is a worldwide concern for the sustainable production of drinking water. In this regard, membrane distillation (MD) has shown the potential for effective brine treatment. However, the lack of appropriate MD membranes limits its industrial expansion since they experience fouling and wetting issues. Therefore, hydrophobic membranes are promising candidates to successfully deal with such phenomena that are typical...
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Role of the Solvation Water in Remote Interactions of Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins with the Surface of Ice
PublikacjaMost protein molecules do not adsorb onto ice, one of the exceptions being so-called antifreeze proteins. In this paper, we describe that there is a force pushing an antifreeze protein molecule away from the ice surface when it is not oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice and that this pushing force may be also present even when the protein is oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice. This force is absent...
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Experimental investigation of forced convection of water/EGAl2O3 nanofluids inside horizontal tube
PublikacjaIn this paper, forced convection of water/EG-Al2O3 nanofluids inside horizontal stainless steel tube is studied experimentally. As base fluid served water/EG mixture of two ratios (60:50 and 50:50). Nanoparticle mass concentrations was 0.1% or and 1%. Transition and turbulent flow regimes were tested. Average heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop values were determined for nanofluids and compared to base fluids. Deterioration...
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Degradation of 1,4-dioxane by sono-activated persulfates for water and wastewater treatment applications
PublikacjaThis paper presents a hybrid advanced oxidation process (AOP) based on sonocavitational activation of persulfate (PS) for degradation of 1,4-dioxane during wastewater treatment. Application of sono-cavitation effectively convert PS to radical species demonstrating synergistic effect by increasing the reaction rate and reducing the required energy for activation. It is economically feasible and deployed alternative to the direct...
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Internal imaging of concrete fracture based on elastic waves and ultrasound computed tomography
PublikacjaThe condition assessment of concrete structures belongs to the greatest challenges of non-destructive testing. Monitoring the fracture process of concrete and detecting cracks at the earliest possible stage is a vital aspect to ensure the safety of civil engineering objects. The use of ultrasound tomography enables imaging the internal structure of a tested element. This study aims at the visualization of fracture damage in concrete...
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Negative impact of constant RPM control strategy on ship NOx emission in waves
PublikacjaIn severe wave conditions, the ship propulsion system is loaded with high fluctuations due to external disturbances. The highly fluctuating loads enforce radical changes in the main engine torque, which in turn demands variation of the fuel rate injected into the cylinders if a constant rotational speed strategy is applied. Therefore, the temperature of gases varies to a large extent during the combustion process in the cylinders....
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Examination of fresh water chemistry in maritime Antarctica during austral summer 2017
PublikacjaDue to the fact that Antarctica is one of the least polluted places on Earth, it is a perfect place to observe the spread of global pollution. Therefore, research conducted on this continent is important due to the possibility of investigating the type of pollution and their way of transport. This work considers presence of organic contaminants in Maritime Antarctica in unexplored until now, Lions Rump headland. Qualitative and...