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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: BITUMEN EMULSIONS
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Biocomposites from recycled resources as candidates for laboratory reference material to validate analytical tools used in organic compounds emissions investigation
PublikacjaA suitably chosen reference material should meet specific criteria like representing one of the compound classes most commonly occurring in indoor materials as well as having optimal long-term stability during storage and transport to its destination point and having a compact size. The described interdisciplinary pilot research was aimed to develop and characterize a polymer-based candidate for the laboratory reference material...
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Emissions of selected monoaromatic hydrocarbons as a factor affecting the removal of single-use polymer barbecue and kitchen utensils from everyday use
PublikacjaThe main focus of this study is the emission of monoaromatic hydrocarbons because these are the preliminary factors of potential solvent and monomer residues present in single-use plastic barbecue and kitchen utensils comprising polystyrene, polypropylene, natural cellulose, and biodegradable polymers intended for use with hot meal or beverages. Herein, the emissions of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (styrene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,...
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The effect of aeration mode (intermittent vs. continuous) on nutrient removal and greenhouse gas emissions in the wastewater treatment plant of Corleone (Italy)
PublikacjaThe paper reports the results of an experimental study aimed at comparing two configurations of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP): conventional activated sludge (CAS) and oxic-settling-anaerobic process (OSA) with intermittent aeration (IA). A comprehensive monitoring campaign was carried out to assess multiple parameters for comparing the two configurations: carbon and nutrient removal, greenhouse gas emissions, respirometric...
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Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Offshore Combined Cycle Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Power Plant Powered by Alternative Fuels
PublikacjaDiverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions...
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Lubricant property and rolling contact fatigue test of oil-in-water emulsion type HFA-E and oil Total Azolla 46 as working liquids in hydraulic systems
PublikacjaW artykule scharakteryzowano i opisano wyniki badań własności smarnych wody destylowanej, emulsji wodno-olejowej typu HFA-E (1% oleju w wodzie) sporządzonej na bazie koncentratu Isosynth VX110BF, oleju Total Azolla 46 i samego koncentratu Isosynth VX110BF (tylko dla porównania z olejem, emulsją i wodą). W artykule pokazano wyniki badań pittingu z użyciem wody, emulsji i oleju jako środków smarnych. Ponadto w artykule przedstawiono...
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New Procedures for Control of Industrial Effluents Treatment Processes
PublikacjaThis work presents the procedures for monitoring volatile organic compounds during treatment of industrial effluents. The investigation was carried out for a specific effluent—caustic effluent from bitumen production. The developed procedures enable more detailed control of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment than standard procedures. Caustic effluents from bitumen production have a complex physicochemical form and consist...
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Evaluation of Thermal Stresses in Asphalt Layers in Comparison with TSRST Test Results
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of calculations and laboratory determination of thermal stresses at low temperatures. The modified Hills and Brien's method was used to calculate the thermal stresses in asphalt layers of pavements and the results were compared against the values obtained at a laboratory with the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) method. The laboratory investigations were conducted using plain grade...
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Interrelationship between total volatile organic compounds emissions, structure and properties of natural rubber/polycaprolactone bio-blends cross-linked with peroxides
PublikacjaNatural rubber/polycaprolactone (NR/PCL) bio-based blends with different organic peroxides were prepared using an internal batch mixer and subsequently cross-linked at 170°C. Two types of commonly used organic peroxides, dicumyl peroxide and di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene peroxide, were applied as free-radical initiator. Cross-linking efficiency of NR/PCL blends were investigated using oscillating disc rheometer measurements,...
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Evaluation of Low Temperature Properties of Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures
PublikacjaThe paper presents low-temperature test results of asphalt mixtures designed with use of bitumen modified by crumb rubber and also SBS polymer. Laboratory tests were conducted on two types of asphalt mixtures for wearing course – stone matrix asphalt (SMA 8) and porous asphalt (PA 8). This paper presents results of the following laboratory tests at low temperatures: TSRST test, three point bending creep test, fracture toughness...
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Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from CNG Fueled Vehicles in Light of Euro 6 Regulations and the New WLTP/GTR 15 Test Procedure
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A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Vehicles Tested over the NEDC, FTP-75 and WLTC Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles
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Modelling of SO2 and NOx Emissions from Coal and Biomass Combustion in Air-Firing, Oxyfuel, iG-CLC, and CLOU Conditions by Fuzzy Logic Approach
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Modelowanie i symulacja zaburzeń przewodzonych z zastosowaniem programów Saber i TCad = Modeling and simulation of conducted emissions with TCad and Saber programs
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono symulacyjne badania porównawcze w zakresie kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej EMC modelu obwodowego przetwornicy DC-DC podwyższającej napięcie. Wskazano na specyfikę modelowania wynikającą z potrzeby przewidywania propagacji zaburzeń przewodzonych EMI w szerokim zakresie częstotliwości. Wyznaczono model układu dla symulatora Saber i porównano pomiary charakterystyki widma EMI z wynikami otrzymanymi z symulacji. Zbadano...
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Impacts of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Various Amount of Dimethyl Ether Premixed Ratios on Combustion and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine
PublikacjaIn the presented research, the authors dealt with the specific properties of the combustion process of dimethyl ether (DME) in a combustion car (Volkswagen Golf IV) engine AJM 1.9 TDI PDE made by Volkswagen factory. Dimethyl ether is an alternative fuel produced most often from natural gas, which can be used in compression ignition engines as a single fuel or co-burned with diesel oil. This work describes the impacts of using exhaust...
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Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Modified with Shear Thickening Fluid
PublikacjaThis paper aims at using a dilatant or shear thickening fluid (STF) [a non-Newtonian fluid consisting of particles of nano-silica suspended in a liquid medium, i.e., ethylene glycol (EG), which acts as a carrier fluid; proportion 40:60] as additive or modifier of bitumen in order to enhance its viscoelastic properties. A commonly-used performance grading (PG) system, storage stability test, and different conventional and rheological...
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Asphalt concrete subjected to long-time loading at low temperatures – Deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle
PublikacjaThe article presents the observed deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle of asphalt concretes, tested in the bending beam creep test at low temperatures for a long time of loading. In almost all tested asphalt concretes, deviations appeared after 500 s of loading at the temperature of -10 C. Some types of bitumen presented deviations at other temperatures – usually the harder the grade of the bitumen, the...
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Carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption from passenger cars tested over the NEDC and WLTC – an overview and experimental results from market-representative vehicles
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The miniaturised emission chamber system and home-made passive flux sampler studies of monoaromatic hydrocarbons emissions from selected commercially-available floor coverings
PublikacjaThe estimation of the emission rate of organic compounds released from various types of indoor materials can be performed using stationary environmental test chambers (ETC) classified as ex-situ methods or small-scale portable analytical devices based on the use of passive technique at the stage of analytes sampling from the gaseous phase (in-situ methods). The paper presents results of emissions of selected organic compounds from...
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Emulsification alters simulated gastrointestinal proteolysis of β-casein and β-lactoglobulin
PublikacjaWe have studied the effect of the adsorption of milk proteins at the oil-water interface on their digestibility in simulated gastrointestinal environment. The investigations aimed to characterize how both the breakdown of the adsorbed proteins and the interactions with physiological surfactants, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and bile salts (BS), influence structural transformations of model, protein-stabilized food emulsions in the...
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Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Low-Temperature Performance in Bending Beam Creep Test
PublikacjaLow-temperature cracking is one of the most common road pavement distress types in Poland. While bitumen performance can be evaluated in detail using bending beam rheometer (BBR) or dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests, none of the normalized test methods gives a comprehensive representation of low-temperature performance of the asphalt mixtures. This article presents the Bending Beam Creep test performed at temperatures from −20...
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Low Ambient Temperature Cold Start Emissions of Gaseous and Solid Pollutants from Euro 5 Vehicles featuring Direct and Indirect Injection Spark-Ignition Engines
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Comparison of calculated and measured thermal stresses in asphalt concrete
PublikacjaThe paper presents the comparison of calculated and measured thermal stresses induced in restrained asphalt concrete specimens by cooling. Thermal stresses were measured in the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses were performed with the use of a theoretical formula based on the temperature dependent stiffness modulus. The novel approach applied in this paper was that the stiffness modulus...
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Badania mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych w niskiej temperaturze
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono metody badań w niskiej temperaturze betonu asfaltowego przeznaczonego do warstwy ścieralnej. Przedstawione zostały wyniki badań dla 4 różnych metod badawczych: zginania, pełzania, pośredniego rozciągania oraz rozciągania termicznego przy ograniczonym odkształceniu (test TSRST). Próbki betonu asfaltowego były przygotowywane w laboratorium z wykorzystaniem 3 rodzajów asfaltów: asfaltu zwykłego, asfaltu modyfikowanego...
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Dobór rodzaju funkcjonalnego PG asfaltów według metody Superpave w zależności od stref klimatycznych w Polsce.
PublikacjaObecnie w Polsce, podobnie jak i w pozostałych krajach Unii Europejskiej, asfalty drogowe są badane i klasyfikowane głównie w oparciu o wynik oznaczenia penetracji w temperaturze 25ºC niezależnie od warunków klimatycznych, w jakich potem mają one pracować w nawierzchni drogowej. Pod koniec ubiegłego wieku w ramach amerykańskiego programu SHRP opracowano i wdrożono nowy system klasyfikacji asfaltów. Ideą wprowadzenia nowego systemu...
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Proteolysis of whey protein isolates in nanoemulsion systems: impact of nanoemulsification and additional synthetic emulsifiers
PublikacjaNanoemulsions are currently of interest in the functional food sector because their small droplet size (100–500 nm) provides a number of potential advantages over conventional emulsions. This study concerned the behavior of nanoemulsions stabilized with whey proteins and two synthetic emulsifiers (Tween 80 and Croduret), and exposed to conditions simulating the human upper gastrointestinal tract. In particular, the effect of synthetic...
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Wpływ termoplastycznych kompozycji napełnianych miałem gumowym na wybrane właściwości asfaltu drogowego
PublikacjaDynamiczny rozwój transportu samochodowego zmusza do wykonywania nawierzchni drogowych z materiałów o wysokiej wytrzymałości oraz odporności na odkształcenia trwałe, co znacznie wydłuża żywotność nawierzchni. Polskie przedsiębiorstwo BISEK Sp. z o.o. z Wrocławia we współpracy z Politechniką Wrocławską, jako pierwsze wykorzystało miał gumowy do modyfikacji asfaltów metodą mokrą. W chwili obecnej firma Lotos Asfalt Sp. z o.o. wprowadziła...
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Advanced fatigue and rutting characterisation of Polish asphalt mixtures based on the VECD model and viscoplastic shift model
PublikacjaThe advanced asphalt mixture performance-related specifications (AM-PRS) recently developed in USA can allow an optimisation of the design process of asphalt pavements thanks to the possibility to fully take into account the intrinsic material properties. In this study, four typical Polish mixtures, i.e. a Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) for wearing course, two mixtures for binder course with neat bitumen or Polymer modified Bitumen...
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The possibility of use by-products for synthesis of emulsifiers
PublikacjaIn the last years the interest in use of materials originated from natural sources, e.g. vegetables to produce attractive products still grows. According to that, also the synthesis of these products should be adequate to the green chemistry requirements. The typical example observed in recent years focuses on utlization of bioglycerol - the by - product of global biodiesel manufacturing. The still growing production of biodiesel...
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Factors affecting low-temperature cracking of asphalt pavements: analysis of field observations using the ordered logistic model
PublikacjaAccurate identification of factors that primarily affect the number of low-temperature cracks is crucial for selection of road materials and planning of pavement maintenance. Field investigations of lowtemperature cracks were performed in the years 2014 and 2020 on the same 68 road sections being in service in typical traffic conditions. The collected data were statistically analysed using the ordered logistic regression model....
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The Use of Direct Shear Test for Optimization of Interlayer Bonding Under a Poroelastic Layer
PublikacjaPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) are characterised by porous structure with air void content of 20% or higher and stiffness almost 10 times lower than that of a standard asphalt course. Such properties enable noise reduction by up to 12 dB in comparison to SMA 11 mixture. However, the disadvantage of a poroelastic pavement is its low durability, which partially results from delamination from the lower layer. The paper aims to investigate...
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Influence of cooling rate and additives on low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures in the TSRST
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results and analysis of low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures according to Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) and Indirect Tensile Test methods. Different groups of bitumen were investigated: neat, SBS-modified and highly SBS-modified. Influence of cooling rates (1 C/h, 3 C/h, 5 C/h and 10 C/h) and additives (aramid fibres and crumb rubber) was identified as well. Moreover, for each...
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Assessment of Tensile Strength Reserve of Asphalt Mixtures at Low Temperatures
PublikacjaDuring winter conditions, low-temperature cracks develop at the surface of the asphalt pavement when tensile thermal stress induced in the asphalt layer during cooling equals and exceeds the tensile strength of the material. The paper presents the results of tensile strength reserve assessment of asphalt mixtures with neat and SBS-polymer modified bitumen application. The tensile strength reservewas calculated as difference between...
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Modification of Ground Tire Rubber—Promising Approach for Development of Green Composites
PublikacjaGround tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically modified using a road bitumen 100/150 and two types of organic peroxides: di-(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)-benzene (BIB) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The impact of used additives on reactive sintering efficiency and physico-mechanical properties of modified GTR was investigated using oscillating disc rheometer measurements, followed by tensile tests and swelling behavior studies....
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Testing of low temperature behaviour of asphalt mixtures in bending creep test
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of bending beam test and its importance for evaluation of asphalt mixtures behaviour at low temperatures. Two types of asphalt mixtures: asphalt concrete AC with normal paving grade bitumen and stone mastic asphalt SMA with SBS-modified bitumen were tested. Long-term oven ageing (LTOA) test was also used in the laboratory according to SHRP procedure. The Burgers model was applied and rheological parameters...
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The Influence of Cement Type on Early Properties of Cold In-Place Recycled Mixtures
PublikacjaCold in-place recycling is a commonly used maintenance treatment in rehabilitation of low and medium volume roads in Poland. Typically, two types of binding agents are used—cement and bituminous emulsion (or foamed bitumen).Due to the harsh Polish climate with many freeze/thaw cycles and frequent occurrence of saturated conditions, the used amounts of cement are higher than those commonly used in warmer parts of Europe. While there...
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Stiffness of cold-recycled mixtures under variable deformation conditions in the IT-CY test
PublikacjaStiffness modulus belongs to the most important properties describing the cold-recycled mixtures (CRM) in terms of their usability in road pavement structures. Previous research proved that this property is strongly dependent on the scheme and conditions of the test (temperature and time of loading) and the time that has passed since the compaction of the specimen or pavement layer. It is a result of the influence of two different...
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Investigation of low-temperature cracking in newly constructed high-modulus asphalt concrete base course of a motorway pavement
PublikacjaThe paper presents the issue of low-temperature transverse cracks which have developed in newly constructed base courses made of high-modulus asphalt concrete mix (HMAC). Numerous transverse cracks developed in the analysed HMAC base during the winter season before the pavement was actually completed, both at the transverse joint locations and in the areas between them. This had not happened so far on such a scale during road construction...
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Influence of Selected Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Cracking Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures
PublikacjaWarm mix asphalt (WMA) has been widely accepted as a future asphalt paving technology. Besides clear advantages, there are still some concerns regarding durability and long-term performance of pavements made with this type of asphalt mixtures. One of the most important issues is low temperature behaviour of WMA because certain additives used for temperature reduction can aect bitumen properties. This paper presents the evaluation...
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Polish experience with cold in-place recycling
PublikacjaDeep cold in-place recycling using cement and asphalt emulsion has been used for reconstruction of existing roads since the beginning of the 1990s. This paper describes the first Polish requirements for mineral-cement-emulsion mixtures. As requirements stated for the strength of the mineral-cement-emulsion mixtures were quite high, most of the mixtures were designed using high amount of cement and aggregate added for the improvement...
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Ocena odporności na pękanie podbudów drogowych z mieszanek mineralno-cementowo-emulsyjnych (MCE)
PublikacjaPodbudowy z mieszanek mineralno-cementowo-emulsyjnych (MCE) są jednym z wielu materiałów stosowanych do wykonywania warstw nawierzchni w ramach przebudów dróg w Polsce. Mieszanki MCE pozwalają na maksymalne powtórne wykorzystanie istniejących warstw konstrukcyjnych do budowy lub przebudowy nawierzchni. Do wykonania podbudów z MCE stosuje się materiał pochodzący z rozbiórki istniejących warstw (destrukt) bitumicznych, warstw związanych...
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Przegląd nanododatków stosowanych w warstwach asfaltowych nawierzchni drogowych
PublikacjaJednym z kierunków rozwoju technologii materiałowych jest nanotechnologia rozumiana jako dziedzina zajmująca się zastosowaniem nanododatków do wytwarzania nowych materiałów oraz ich wpływem na parametry modyfikowanych materiałów. W ostatnich latach nanotechnologia wkracza do technologii modyfikacji asfaltów stosowanych w nawierzchniach drogowych. W artykule przedstawiono stosowane obecnie w budownictwie drogowym nanododatki oraz...
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Porównanie własności smarnych wody, emulsji oleju w wodzie typu HFA-E oraz oleju Total Azolla 46 jako czynników roboczych w układach hydraulicznych = Comparison of the lubricant property of water oil-in-water emulsion type HFA-E and oil total Azolla 46 as working liquids in hydraulic systems
PublikacjaW artykule scharakteryzowano i opisano wyniki badań własności smarnych wody destylowanej, 1% emulsji oleju w wodzie typu HFA-E sporządzonej na bazie koncentratu do tworzenia emulsji Isosynth VH110BF, oleju Total Azolla 46 oraz, w celach porównawczych, samego koncentratu Isosynth VH110BF. Przedstawiono również wyniki badań powierzchniowego zużycia zmęczeniowego (pittingu), dla wyżej wymienionych czynników smarnych. Emulsja oleju...
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Effect of gelation and storage conditions on the oxidative stability of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems
PublikacjaIncreased interest in the use of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems for medical, cosmetic and food purposes, promotes the development of research on their physical and chemical stability, and the safety of use. Here, we have for the first time evaluated the oxidative stability of linseed oil dispersed in the microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and their gelled systems, stored under different conditions, and compared to the...
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Pilot scale degradation study of 16 selected volatile organic compounds by hydroxyl and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes
PublikacjaThe studies of effective technologies for complete degradation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are very important due to the high biotoxicity of the VOCs which makes the biological technologies ineffective. It also increases the risk of VOCs emission instead of their treatment when using open air biological technologies. In the present study, different types of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were investigated for...
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Characterization of diatomaceous earth coated with nitrated asphaltenes as superior adsorbent for removal of VOCs from gas phase in fixed bed column
PublikacjaAsphaltenes isolated from bitumen possess unusual adsorption characteristics that can be further enhanced by chemical modifications to promote interactions with VOCs’. Herein, nitrated asphaltenes are used as an active layer coated on a surface of a diatomaceous earth, in order to prepare an efficient adsorbent (AsfNitro). Breakthrough experiments with benzene, pyridine, and 1-nitropropane revealed significant increase in adsorption...
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Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges
PublikacjaThe wastewater sector accounts for up to 7 and 10% of anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. Nowadays wastewater treatment plants are going through a paradigm shift to approach a net-zero carbon condition. Numerous ongoing measures have taken place to identify the sources of greenhouse gases and minimize the carbon footprint. This paper systematically reviews all known practices leading towards net-zero carbon wastewater...
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Emulsifi ers from renewable materials: an eco-friendly synthesis and properties
PublikacjaThe focus of this study was the preparation of novel bio based polyglycerol emulsifiers characterized by a one pot synthesis, thus by modified properties with respect to interfacial activity and effectiveness as emulsion stabilizers. The final products of the esterification process, carried out in the presence of carboxylates were used directly as emulsifiers (without purification or fractionation). Polyglycerol emulsifiers obtained...
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Effective degradation of sulfide ions and organic sulfides in cavitation-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of investigations on the effectiveness and reaction rate constants of the oxidation of sulfide ions and organic sulfides in real industrial effluents from the production of bitumens (2000 mg S2- L-1) using hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation. The content of the effluents was analysed in terms carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and di-tert-butyl disulfide concentration. A possibility of complete...
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Rolling Resistance And Tire/Road Noise on Rubberized Asphalt Pavement In Poland
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of tire/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone-matrix asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberized asphalt developed and produced by the company in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and additive of crumb rubber. First observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger car...
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Rolling resistance and tyre/road noise on rubberised asphalt pavement in Poland
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of tyre/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone mastics asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberised asphalt, developed and produced by a refinery in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and addition of crumb rubber. The first observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger...