Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LAMELLA THICKNESS
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Microporous N-Doped Carbon Obtained from Salt Melt Pyrolysis of Chitosan toward Supercapacitor and Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
PublikacjaThe direct carbonization of low-cost and abundant chitosan biopolymer in the presencesalt eutectics leads to highly microporous, N-doped nanostructures. The microporous structureeasily manufactured using eutectic mixture (ZnCl2 -KCl) and chitosan. Potassium ions here can act as an intercalating agent, leading to the formation of lamellar carbon sheets, whereas zinc chloride generates significant porosity. Here, we present an efficient...
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Pomiary grubości cienkich warstw metodą modulacji chromatycznej.
PublikacjaTematem artykułu jest pomiar grubości struktur cienkowarstwowych szerokostosowanych w optoelektronice, transparentnych warstw dielektrycznych. Grubość jest najistotniejszym parametrem warstwy i determinuje jej właściwościoptyczne. Metoda pomiaru grubości cienkich warstw powinna być bezkontaktowa, nieniszcząca, niekosztowna oraz odporna na zakłócenia
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An optimal sliding mode control based on immune-wavelet algorithm for underwater robotic manipulator
PublikacjaIn this paper, a robust optimal Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) based on new algorithm of Artificial Immune System (AIS) is proposed for trajectory tracking of underwater manipulators. A new AIS algorithm is used to derive optimal values of surface parameters and boundary layer thickness in SMC with considering minimum torques and error. Surface parameters and boundary layer thickness are considered as antibody in AIS and Morlet...
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Experimental study of boiling heat transfer in the stagnation point of water microjet
PublikacjaIn the paper presented is a comparison of computational model with experimental data. Numerical model of liquid film with phase change in the stagnation zone due to impingement of the microjet is more widely presented in authors previous work. The radius on which theevaporation process is taking place can be determined from the energy balance on the element of the plate. That radius has also been confirmed experimentally in the...
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Assesment of (Mn,Co)3O4powders for possible coating material for SOFC/SOEC interconnects
PublikacjaIn this work (Mn,Co)3O4 spinel powders with different Mn:Co ratio (1:1 and 1:2) and from different commercial suppliers are evaluated for possible powder for production of interconnect coatings. Sinterability of the powders is evaluated on pressed pellets sintered in oxidizing and in reducing/oxidizing atmospheres. For selected powder, coatings are then prepared by the electrophoretic deposition method on Crofer 22 APU stainless...
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Au nanostructures coated with a ultrathin film of Al2O3 - measurements and FDTD simulations
Dane BadawczeGold plasmonic platforms have been coated with an ultra-thin films of aluminium oxide. Optical measurements, showing the influence of the thickness of Al2O3 on plasmon resonance position. The observed red-shift of the resonance location with the increase of the thickness of the Al2O3 film, can be explained by the change in the dielectric function of...
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Experimental investigation and process parameter optimization of sheet metal bending by line heating method
PublikacjaThe present study is concerned with the experimental investigation of sheet metal deforming by line heating method that incorporates the combined effect of traverse speed of the torch, thickness of the sheet metal, and the number of passes of the torch. For the numerical analysis of metal bending by line heating, the
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Assessment of the ice jam potential on regulated rivers and reservoirs with the use of numerical model results
PublikacjaThis study presents an attempt at estimating the jam potential on rivers with significant anthropogenic intervention in the course or flow characteristics of the river. The DynaRiCE model was used for forecasting both the place and time of an ice jam occurrence. In this modified method, two ice parameters are subjected to analysis, namely the relative ice-to-water velocity (vi/vw),and the ice thickness to single floe thickness...
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Forecasting of railway track tamping based on settlement of sleepers using fuzzy logic
PublikacjaThe sleepers in a railway track transfer vertical, transverse and longitudinal loads to the track ballast and subgrade. The sleepers allow for keeping the distance between the rails constant. The thickness of ballast should be between 16 and 35 cm depending on the design standard of the track, and it should be densified where the ballast supports the sleeper. The exploitation causes contamination of the ballast, crushing the material...
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4-Point beam tensile test on a soft adhesive
PublikacjaAn adhesive butt joint with a soft bondline has been studied. A series of experiments was conducted on test pieces constituted of aluminium adherends bonded with a low modulus epoxy adhesive, ScotchWeld™ 2216. The joint was subjected to four point bending, in tension/compression loading, under constant deflection rate, with the bondline being parallel to the applied load. The objective was to examine and evaluate crack nucleation...
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High-accuracy computation of hard X-ray focusing and imaging for refractive optics
PublikacjaA mathematical apparatus for solving problems of X-ray wave propagation through complex optical systems, when the lens thickness can change with jumps, is developed and presented. The developed method is based on the use of the superposition of oriented Gaussian beams, which satisfy the Helmholtz equation with high accuracy. The wave propagation in air and through kinoform and ordinary lenses is considered. Focusing and imaging...
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NUMERICAL MODEL OF PLASTIC DESTRUCTION OF THICK STEEL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
PublikacjaIn the shipbuilding industry, the risk of brittle fracture of the structure is limited by using certified materials with specified impact strength, determined by the Charpy method (for a given design temperature) and by supervising the welding processes (technology qualification, production supervision, non-destructive testing). For off-shore constructions, classical shipbuilding requirements may not be sufficient. Therefore, the...
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Ice Load Characteristics on Floating Photovoltaic Platform
PublikacjaNowadays, based upon human needs and preferring perpetual types of energy, photovoltaic system (PV) is a suitable alternative and more frequently used in northern countries, which are recently more attracted by solar power. The new floating type of the structure is installed in the water bodies instead of land. One of the main elements in floating photovoltaic structures is the forces imposed on the panels. In the northern regions,...
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Effects of electrophoretic deposition times and nanotubular oxide surfaces on properties of the nanohydroxyapatite/nanocopper coating on the Ti13Zr13Nb alloy
PublikacjaLoad-bearing implants are developed with a particular emphasis placed on an application of ceramic hydroxyapatite coatings in order, to enhance the bioactivity of titanium implants and to shorten the healing time. Therefore, thin, fully crystalline coatings that are, highly adhesive, hydrophilic and demonstrating antibacterial properties are ly looked for. The aim of this research was to develop and characterize the properties...
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A spice equivalent circuit for modeling the performance of dual frequency echo-sounder
PublikacjaThe paper presents novel network equivalent circuit of piezoceramic circular disc transducers that takes into account thickness and radial mode of vibrations. The starting point of the analysis is 4-port description of circular disc element representing the solution of wave equation set in radial and thickness directions. The approximate solution for harmonic case is represented in the form of 4x4 matrix, which is synthesised and...
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Oxidation kinetics of Zircaloy-4 alloy at 673 K determined by GDOES technique
PublikacjaOxidation of zirconium alloys is a process that takes place during the operation of nuclear reactors and is essential for assessing the durability of fuel claddings. The present study was aimed to determine the oxidation kinetics of the Zircaloy-4 alloy using GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) at temperature 673 K corresponding to the conditions of use of fuel pellets. The tests were performed on non-oxidized...
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Bending analysis of functionally graded nanoplates based on a higher-order shear deformation theory using dynamic relaxation method
PublikacjaIn this paper, bending analysis of rectangular functionally graded (FG) nanoplates under a uniform transverse load has been considered based on the modified couple stress theory. Using Hamilton’s principle, governing equations are derived based on a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The set of coupled equations are solved using the dynamic relaxation (DR) method combined with finite difference (FD) discretization technique...
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On the exact equilibrium conditions of irregular shells reinforced by beams along the junctions
PublikacjaThe exact, resultant equilibrium conditions for irregular shells reinforced by beams along the junctions are formulated. The equilibrium conditions are derived by performing direct integration of the global equilibrium conditions of continuum mechanics. New, exact resultant static continuity conditions along the singular curve modelling reinforced junction are presented. The results do not depend on shell thickness, internal through-the-thickness...
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Indoor accelerated controlled corrosion degradation test of small- and large-scale specimens
PublikacjaThe work presented here is a part of a long-term project analysing the structural behaviour of ageing marine structures. An accelerated corrosion degradation set-up was developed to reproduce corroded marine structural specimens of different degrees of degradation, controlling various natural factors, i.e., temperature, oxygen content, salinity, and flow velocity. The nine stiffened plates of 1.2 m length and 30 small scale specimens...
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Wstępne badania technologii spawania złączy narożnych ze stali niskoweglowej i nierdzewnej o grubości g=6mm i g=10mm
PublikacjaCelem pracy był dobór parametrów spawania dla spoin narożnych o grubości 6mm i 10mm próbek wykonanych ze stali niskowęglowej S355 i stali nierdzewnej - typu 304 (X6CrNI18-10). Złącza były spawane laserowo, jednostronnie z pełnym przetopem a powierzchnie lica i grani zapewniają uzyskanie szczelności przylegającego elementu uszczelniającego. Próbki zostały dostarczone przez Zleceniodawcę. Próby zostały przeprowadzone na stanowisku...
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Analiza wrażliwości tarczy z wykorzystaniem metody elementów skończonych
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono przykład zastosowania analizy wrażliwości tarczy modelowanej przy pomocy metody elementów skończonych. Podstawy teoretyczne oraz przykład numeryczny dotyczą wpływu różnicowania grubości całej tarczy oraz jej obszarów – jako zmiennej pro-jektowej – na przemieszczenie wybranego punktu – jako zmiennej stanu.
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Resonance in Rectangular Microstrip Structure Loaded with a Pseudochiral Medium Layer
PublikacjaA rectangular microstrip structure with multilayer substrate containing dielectric and pseudochiral medium layers is studied in this paper. The effect of Omega medium layer location in the substrate and its thickness on the complex resonant frequency of the rectangular microstrip structure is investigated.
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Capacity of Surface Production of Band Sawing in Manufacture of Oak Floor Upper Layers
PublikacjaThin lamellae, corresponding to the layer components of structural glued members, i.e., 2-ply or 3-ply glued flooring, can be manufactured in re-sawing operations of kiln-dried wood blocks or in wet technologies, which currently seem to be more common because of the shorter drying time. The re-sawing process in wet technology is conducted on dedicated thin-cutting band sawing machines with stellite-tipped band saws. The goal of...
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Experimental and numerical identification of corrosion degradation of ageing structural components
PublikacjaThe study presents experimental and numerical identification of corrosion degradation of thin-walled structural components employing guided wave propagation. The steel structural components are subjected to through-thickness varying corrosion degradation levels. The developed approach using the non-destructive guided wave-propagation quantifies the equivalent average corrosion degradation level by exploring a limited number of...
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On Effective Bending Stiffness of a Laminate Nanoplate Considering Steigmann–Ogden Surface Elasticity
PublikacjaAs at the nanoscale the surface-to-volume ratio may be comparable with any characteristic length, while the material properties may essentially depend on surface/interface energy properties. In order to get effective material properties at the nanoscale, one can use various generalized models of continuum. In particular, within the framework of continuum mechanics, the surface elasticity is applied to the modelling of surface-related...
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Non-enzymatic flexible glucose sensing platform based on nanostructured TiO2–Au composite
PublikacjaAll over the world the number of people suffering from diabetes and related complications is drastically growing. Therefore, the need for accurate, reliable and stable sensor for monitoring of glucose in human body fluids is becoming highly desirable. In this work we show that material composed of gold layers deposited onto TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) formed onto the flexible Ti foil exhibits great response toward glucose oxidation and...
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Algorithm for Automatic Wear Estimation of Railway Contact Strips Based on 3D Scanning Results
PublikacjaElectric rail vehicles use current collection system which consists of overhead contact line and a current collector (pantograph) mounted on the roof of a vehicle. A pantograph is equipped with contact strips, which slide along the contact wire, ensuring steady electric contact. Contact strips are made of carbon layer, fixed to an aluminum carrier. The carbon layer wears down due to friction. Using overly worn contact strips increases...
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SEI Growth and Depth Profiling on ZFO Electrodes by Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
PublikacjaZnFe2O4 (ZFO) Li-ion batteries (LIBs) represent a reliable, affordable, and safe energy storage technology for use in portable application. However, current LIB active materials (graphite, lithium/transition metal spinel or layered oxides, olivine structures) can store only limited energy since they rely on insertion storage based on solid-state host-guest interactions. Moreover, performances and durability of the cells are strongly...
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A New Approach of Solidification Analysis in Modular Latent Thermal Energy Storage Unit Based on Image Processing
PublikacjaThe solidification process of RT18HC in a cylindrical shell and tube storage unit has been studied using a new methodology based on image processing. The main idea of the algorithm is to label the region of solidification and use statistical functions to calculate the dimensions of the solidification front over time. Said analysis includes two methods. The first method is to measure the solid fraction changes during solidification....
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Rotor Blade Geometry Optimisation in Kaplan Turbine
PublikacjaThe paper presents the description of method and results of rotor blade shape optimisation. The rotor blading constitutes a part ofturbine flow path. Optimisation consists in selection of the shape that minimises ratio of polytrophic loss. Shape of the blade isdefined by the mean camber line and thickness of the airfoil. Thickness is distributed around the camber line based on the ratio ofdistribution. Global optimisation was done...
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Effects of Surface Pretreatment of Titanium Substrates on Properties of Electrophoretically Deposited Biopolymer Chitosan/Eudragit E 100 Coatings
PublikacjaThe preparation of the metal surface before coating application is fundamental in determining the properties of the coatings, particularly the roughness, adhesion, and corrosion resistance. In this work, chitosan/Eudragit E 100 (chit/EE100) were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and both their microstructure and properties were investigated. The present research is aimed at characterizing the effects of the surface...
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On thermal stability of piezo-flexomagnetic microbeams considering different temperature distributions
PublikacjaBy relying on the Euler–Bernoulli beam model and energy variational formula, we indicate critical temperature causes in the buckling of piezo-flexomagnetic microscale beams. The corresponding size-dependent approach is underlying as a second strain gradient theory. Small deformations of elastic solids are assessed, and the mathematical discussion is linear. Regardless of the pyromagnetic effects, the thermal loading of the thermal...
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Depth profile of the chemical composition of the Au-Ag multilayers
Dane BadawczeSilver and gold multilayers were deposited on a silicon substrate by magnetron sputtering method. Both type, Au and Ag thin films had 2 nm of thickness. Totally structure had thickness of 6 nm (Au-Ag-Au). That prepared multilayers were measured by XPS method. To obtain a depth profile of chemical composition, an Argon ion (Ar+) gun was used for etching...
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Structural investigations of the Al2O3 ultra thin films
Dane BadawczeUltra-thin layers of Al2O3 were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) (Beneq TFS 200 ALD system). This method provides precise thickness control down to a single atomic layer. The precursors used were trimethylaluminum (Sigma-Aldrich) and purified water. The deposition of the atomic layer was carried out at 200 °C. Samples with a thickness of 2...
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Plasmon resonance in a TiO2-Au NPs structures
Dane BadawczeInvestigated structures were deposited on a pre cleaned Corning 1737 glass substrates, which provided flat optical transmission characteristics and high transmission coefficient in a visible light range. Plasmonic nanostructures were formed as a result of thermal annealing. For gold films with thickness of 2.8 nm depiction a table-top dc magnetron sputtering...
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Digital Government as Implementation Means for Sustainable Development Goals
PublikacjaOne of the challenges for implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the measurement of indicators that represent progress towards such goals. Measuring such progress enables data-driven decision-making and management of SDG-relevant projects and strategies. The premise of this research is that measuring such indicators depends on measuring so-called means of implementation, i.e. activities that directly contribute to...
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Guided wave propagation in diagnostic of steel elements
PublikacjaThis paper is devoted to numerical investigations of elastic wave propagation in steel elements. The aim of this study is to conduct numerical analysis and experimental investigations on the propagation of elastic waves in steel elements in the context of damage detection. In particular, this paper is devoted to detection of damage occurring in the form of notch or changed thickness. This approach utilized the fact that any discontinuities...
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Guided wave propagation in diagnostic of steel elements
PublikacjaThis paper is devoted to numerical investigations of elastic wave propagation in steel elements. The aim of this study is to conduct numerical analysis and experimental investigations on the propagation of elastic waves in steel elements in the context of damage detection. In particular, this paper is devoted to detection of damage occurring in the form of notch or changed thickness. This approach utilized the fact that any discontinuities...
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Optical-Fiber Microsphere-Based Temperature Sensors with ZnO ALD Coating—Comparative Study
PublikacjaThis study presents the microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor with the ZnO Atomic Layer Deposition coating thickness of 100 nm and 200 nm for temperature measurements. Metrological properties of the sensor were investigated over the temperature range from 100 °C to 300 °C, with a 10 °C step. The interferometric signal was used to monitor the integrity of the microsphere and its attachment to the connecting fiber. For the sensor...
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The Effect of Welding Conditions on Diffusible Hydrogen Content in Deposited Metal
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of a literature survey and preliminary tests which set out effects of welding conditions on the amount of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal. Experiments were conducted by using rutile coated electrodes which generate high contents of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal. The amount of diffusible hydrogen was determined by a glycerin test.Eleven factors were considered: the electrode angle,...
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Application of Thin ZnO ALD Layers in Fiber-Optic Fabry-Pérot Sensing Interferometers
PublikacjaIn this paper we investigated the response of a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensing interferometer with thin ZnO layers deposited on the end faces of the optical fibers forming the cavity. Standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF-28) segments were used with the thin ZnO layers deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Measurements were performed with the interferometer illuminated by two broadband sources operating...
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Guided ultrasonic waves for detection of debonding in bars partially embedded in grout
PublikacjaThis paper deals with theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations of guided wave propagation in multilayered cylindrical bars with pre-existing debonding. The research focuses on a complex description of the nature of the wave phenomena occurring in a debonded specimen with a special emphasis on the influence of the location of damage on the wave conversion and diffraction. Experimental non-destructive and destructive...
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Nonlocal three-dimensional theory of elasticity for buckling behavior of functionally graded porous nanoplates using volume integrals
PublikacjaIn this paper, the buckling of rectangular functionally graded (FG) porous nanoplates based on threedimensional elasticity is investigated. Since, similar researches have been done in two-dimensional analyses in which only large deflections with constant thickness were studied by using various plate theories; therefore, discussion of large deformations and change in thickness of plates after deflection in this study is examined....
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UV-Vis measurements and SEM images of Ag nanostructures
Dane BadawczeUv-vis and SEM of Ag nanostructures. Structures were obtained by dewetting thin films. Various fabrication conditions i.e. temperature, time of the annealing and thickness of the initial layer were subsequently changed.
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The experimental and numerical investigation of fracture behaviour in PMMA notched specimens under biaxial loading conditions – Tension with torsion
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of experimental fracture test of flat PMMA specimens under biaxial loading condition tension with torsion (proportional). The specimens were made in two thicknesses: 5 and 15 mm and were weakened with V-type edge notches with different root radii: 0.5; 2 and 10 mm. Thanks to the ARAMIS 3D 4 M non-contact vision system, measurement of the elongation and twist angle were recorded. During experimental...
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X-Ray diffraction of the metallic nanostructures
Dane BadawczeMetallic nanostructures (gold and silver) were manufactured as a thermal annealing of gold or silver thin film. Gold films with thickness of 2.8 nm were deposited on a silicon substrates using a table-top dc magnetron sputtering coater (EM SCD 500, Leica), equipped with quartz microbalance for in-situ thickness measurements. Films were deposited from...
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Oxidation of silver nanostructures
Dane BadawczeSilver nanostructures were prepared on Si substrate. Thin Ag films (2 and 6 nm thickness) were deposited using a tabletop dc magnetron sputtering coater (EM SCD 500, Leica) in pure Ar plasma. The Ag target was of 99.99% purity, the rate of layer deposition was about 0.4 nm·s−1 , and the incident power was in the range of 30–40 W. The layer thickness...
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Simulation investigation of perovskite-based solar cells
PublikacjaThree models of thin-layer lead-halide perovskite solar cells with different electron-transport layers (TiO2,SnO2,ZnO) were investigatedby the simulation method. The perovskite layer thickness was optimized for all the systems. The analysis of the standard photovoltaic cell performanceparameters at various operating temperatures was performed. The best performance was achieved for the system with theSnO2conductive layer.
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Uszkodzenia wielowarstwowych posadzek betonowych
PublikacjaPosadzki wielowarstwowe to często projektowane elementy wewnętrznego wykończenia budowli. Mają bardzo duży wpływ na kształtowanie architektoniczne wnętrz oraz zapewnienie właściwych warunków użytkowania. W artykule przedstawiono przyczyny wystąpienia uszkodzeń posadzki w postaci rys i spękań. Górna trudno ścieralna warstwa posadzki grubości ok. 20 mm została wykonana metodą „mokre na suche”.
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The interaction of the pulsed laser irradiation with titania nanotubes - Theoretical studies on the thermal effect
PublikacjaThis paper reports temperature dispersion simulations of titania nanotubes irradiated by the 355 nm, pulsed, nanosecond laser. The modelling with the use of Finite Elements Method concerns titania nanotubes of the length and the wall thickness in the range of 0.5–2 μm and 5–20 nm, respectively. The uniqueness of the morphology was preserved by ensuring the wall thickness variation along the height of the tube, which was determined...