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Search results for: PROTON TRANSFER ENERGY
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ENERGY SAVINGS BY APPLICATION OF SUPERCAPACITOR STORAGE IN TROLLEYBUS SUPPLYING STATION – ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
PublicationIn 2011–2013, stationary supercapacitor storage developed by the Electrotechnical Institute in Warsaw was put into trial operation in the trolleybus substation “Północna” (North) located in Gdynia. The article presents the results recorded during supercapacitor storage operation and discusses the impact of the storage on energy consumption savings. Guidelines for selecting a location for stationary supercapacitor storage...
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A universal NDT method for examination of low energy impact damage in CFRP with the use of TLC film
PublicationThe article presents an attempt to use a sheet of laminated thermochromic liquid crystal film (TLC film) for non-destructive testing of the impact damage (energy values: 1J, 2J, 3J and 4J) in carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). This is a new, alternative NDT approach based on the thermo-optical effect. The main advantages of this method are a) the low cost of TLC film, b) the low cost of recording devices due to the usage of...
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The Rule-Based Model of Negentropy for Increasing the Energy Efficiency of the City’s Digital Transformation Processes into a Smart City
PublicationThe aim of the article is to build a rule-based model (RMFDN) for increasing the energy efficiency of Smart Cities’ digital transformation processes. The problem that arises during the implementation of digital transformation processes concerns the measures that should be assigned to estimate the duration of the digital transformation. Previous studies of digital transformation have been based on the analysis of design processes...
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A finite element analysis of thermal energy inclination based on ternary hybrid nanoparticles influenced by induced magnetic field
PublicationThe use of hybrid nanoparticles to improve thermal processes is a key method that has implications for a variety of interventions utilized in many sectors. This paper aimed to look into the impacts of ternary nanoparticles on hyperbolic tangent materials to establish their thermal characteristics. Flow describing equations have been explored in the presence of heat production, non-Fourier heat flux, and an induced magnetic field....
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The impact of the overhead line's power supply system spatial differentiation on the energy consumption of trolleybus transport: planning and economic aspects
PublicationNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest, which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by reducing of the transmission losses in supply system or by the improving of the usage of the regenerative breaking. The spatial differentiation of the energy supply system of...
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Green energy in municipal planning documents
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Photovoltaic energy systems - recycling or utilization?
PublicationW ostatnich latach obserwuje się znaczny wzrost produkowanej ilości modułów fotowoltaicznych (do 40% rocznie), przy czym 90% światowej produkcji ogniw do zastosowań naziemnych stanowią ogniwa z krystalicznego krzemu. Wskutek tak znacznego wzrostu produkcji pojawił się problem zaopatrzenia producentów w odpowiednią ilość krzemu odpowiedniej jakości. Dodatkowo za parę lat trzeba będzie dokonać wymiany modułów, pracujących od lat...
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Intrinsic energy resolution of NaI(Tl)
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Graphene and Its Derivatives for Energy Storage
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Threat intelligence platform for the energy sector
PublicationIn recent years, critical infrastructures and power systems in particular have been subjected to sophisticated cyberthreats, including targeted attacks and advanced persistent threats. A promising response to this challenging situation is building up enhanced threat intelligence that interlinks information sharing and fine-grained situation awareness. In this paper a framework which integrates all levels of threat intelligence...
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Nanomaterials for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion
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Hydrogen generation using solar energy
PublicationWodór jest uważany za alternatywne i odnawialne źródło energii. Bezpośrednie wykorzystanie światła słonecznego do fotokatalitycznego lub fotoelektrochemicznego rozkładu wody może zapewnić w przyszłości ekonomicznie uzasadnione, alternatywne źródło wodoru. W pierwszym etapie naszych badań został zaprojektowany i zbudowany hybrydowy, fotowoltaiczno-elektrochemiczny układ, dokonujący konwersji energii promieniowania słonecznego na...
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Hydrogen generation using solar energy
PublicationWodór jest uważany za alternatywne i odnawialne źródło energii. Bezpośrednie wykorzystanie światła słonecznego do fotokatalitycznego lub fotoelektrochemicznego rozkładu wody może zapewnić w przyszłości ekonomicznie uzasadnione, alternatywne źródło wodoru. W wystąpieniu przedstawione zostały wyniki dotychczasowych prac związanych z hybrydową, fotowoltaiczno-elektrochemiczną instalacją do rozkładu wody oraz omówione zostały kierunki...
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Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland
PublicationPrzedstawiono sytuacje energetyczną kraju. Omówiono poszczególne sektory wytwarzania energii oraz zapotrzebowania na energię i paliwa. Omówiono przekształcenia sektorów energetycznych w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 1990-2002. Na tym tle przedstawiono techniczne, ekonomiczne, społeczne i prawne aspekty rozwoju energetyki źródeł odnawialnych a w szczególności opartych o bioenergię. Przedstawiono wnioski dla Polski płynące z dotychczasowych...
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GaAs-Si interfacial energy determination
PublicationBazując na półempirycznym modelu wiązań kowalencyjnych w krzemie wyznaczono energie międzypowierzchni GaAs-Si. Obliczona energia międzypowierzchni GaAs-Si zależna jest od orientacji podłoża Si. Minimalna energia międzypowierzchniowa wyznacza odpowiednią konfigurację atomów w pobliżu powierzchni, która określa optymalne warunki heteroepitaksji GaAs na podłożach Si.
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Storing energy from renewable sources
PublicationOmówiono metody, urządzenia i sposoby magazynowania energii mechanicznej, elektrycznej, cieplnej i chemicznej z uwzględnieniem energii ze źródeł odnawialnych.
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Alternative Energy: Photovoltaic Modules and Systems
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Alternative Energy: Photovoltaic Solar Cells
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Energy losses in hydrostatic drive:Drive investigation method compatible with diagram of power increase opposite to the direction of power flow
PublicationEnergy losses and efficiency of drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the driven device, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load decide of the useful power and, in differentiated way, of kinds and values of losses in the motor. But energy losses and efficiency of drive motors are evaluated as functions of...
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Analyzing energy/performance trade-offs with power capping for parallel applications on modern multi and many core processors
PublicationIn the paper we present extensive results from analyzing energy/performance trade-offs with power capping observed on four different modern CPUs, for three different parallel applications such as 2D heat distribution, numerical integration and Fast Fourier Transform. The CPU tested represent both multi-core type CPUs such as Intel⃝R Xeon⃝R E5, desktop and mobile i7 as well as many-core Intel⃝R Xeon PhiTM x200 but also server, desktop...
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PRZEGLĄD METOD POMIARU MAŁYCH ENERGII DLA OCENY UKŁADÓW „ENERGY-HARVESTING” I SYSTEMÓW MIKROMOCOWYCH
PublicationW artykule omówiono trzy metody pomiaru małych energii dla oceny układów zasilania typu „energy-harvesting” i systemów mikromocowych. Opisano klasyczną metodę techniczną, jak i estymację energii zarówno poprzez pomiar ładunku oraz wykorzystanie równoważenia ładunku. Niezależnie od metody pomiaru, zwrócono uwagę na specyficzny, impulsowy i nieregularny charakter poboru energii przez systemy mikromocowe oraz podobny impulsowy charakter...
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A novel dual-band rectifier circuit with enhanced bandwidth for RF energy harvesting applications
PublicationIn recent years, a rapid development of low-power sensor networks, enabling machine-to-machine communication in applications such as environmental monitoring, has been observed. Contemporary sensors are normally supplied by an external power source, typically in a form of a battery, which limits their lifespan and increases the maintenance costs. This problem can be addressed by harvesting and converting ambient RF energy into...
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Validation of high-resolution 3D patient QA for proton PBS and IMPT using laser CT of improved polymer gel dosimeters
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SU‐E‐T‐103: Three‐Dimensional Measurements of Dose and LET from a Proton Beam via Polymer Gel Dosimetry
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Integrated algorithm for selecting the location and control of energy storage units to improve the voltage level in distribution grids
PublicationThis paper refers to the issue that mainly appears in distribution grids, where renewable energy sources (RES) are widely installed. In such grids, one of the main problems is the coordination of energy production time with demand time, especially if photovoltaic energy sources are present. To face this problem, battery energy storage units (ESU) can be installed. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to optimizing...
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Prediction of energy consumption and evaluation of affecting factors in a full-scale WWTP using a machine learning approach
PublicationTreatment of municipal wastewater to meet the stringent effluent quality standards is an energy-intensive process and the main contributor to the costs of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Analysis and prediction of energy consumption (EC) are essential in designing and operating sustainable energy-saving WWTPs. In this study, the effect of wastewater, hydraulic, and climate-based parameters on the daily consumption of EC by...
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Analysis of electricity generation variability in 2019 with special consideration of electrical energy generation from wind sources.
PublicationThis article presents issues related to the broadly understood development of wind energy. The state of the art of wind energy in the world has been discussed. This paper also shows issues related to factors affecting the development of renewable energy sources and their impact on the natural environment on the basis of available research. The focus is, however, on the critical analysis of phenomena in the data of the Transmission...
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Crystal structure and low-energy Einstein mode in ErV2Al20 intermetallic cage compound
PublicationSingle crystals of a new ternary aluminide ErV2Al20 were grown using a self-flux method. The crystal structure was determined by powder X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld refinement, and physical properties were studied by means of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements. These measurements reveal that ErV2Al20 is a Curie-Weiss paramagnet down to 1.95 K with an effective magnetic...
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Hydrogen Production from Energy Poplar Preceded by MEA Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
PublicationThe need to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass prior to dark fermentation results primarily from the composition of lignocellulose because lignin hinders the processing of hard wood towards useful products. Hence, in this work a two-step approach for the pre-treatment of energy poplar, including alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic saccharification followed by fermentation has been studied. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as the...
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Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Municipal Waste into Useful Energy Using Advanced HiTAG/HiTSG Technology
PublicationAn advanced thermal conversion system involving high-temperature gasification of biomass and municipal waste into biofuel, syngas or hydrogen-rich gas is presented in this paper. The decomposition of solid biomass and wastes by gasification is carried out experimentally with a modern and innovative regenerator and updraft continuous gasifier, among others. A ceramic high-cycle regenerator provides extra energy for the thermal conversion...
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Forecasting energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission of Vietnam by prognostic models based on explainable machine learning and time series
PublicationThis study assessed the usefulness of algorithms in estimating energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Viet- nam, in which the training dataset was used to train the models linear regression, random forest, XGBoost, and AdaBoost, allowing them to comprehend the patterns and relationships between population, GDP, and carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption. The results revealed that random forest, XGBoost, and AdaBoost...
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Cross-border transmission line configuration influence on the electrical power and energy billing process
PublicationIn 2015 a connection between the Polish and Lithuanian power systems become fully operational. The connection consists of a 400 kV double circuit transmission line and a back-to-back HVDC substation located on the Lithuanian side. A magnetic couplings between the circuits of the transmission line cause that during power transmission a different values of active power losses are observed in both circuits. This situation may cause...
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Experimental Research on the Energy Efficiency of a Parallel Hybrid Drive for an Inland Ship
PublicationThe growing requirements for limiting the negative impact of all modes of transport on the natural environment mean that clean technologies are becoming more and more important. The global trend of e-mobility also applies to sea and inland water transport. This article presents the results of experimental tests carried out on a life-size, parallel diesel-electric hybrid propulsion system. The eciency of the propulsion system was...
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MARKAL LONG-TERM POWER GENERATION SCENARIOS FOR POLAND: INCREASING THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY 2040
PublicationIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspectives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In addition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade were...
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ENERGY AND EMISSION QUALITY RANKING OF NEWLY PRODUCED LOW-SULPHUR MARINE FUEL
PublicationThe article describes the methodology of engine tests on new types of low-sulphur marine fuels in laboratory conditions in order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of their suitability for powering full-size marine engines. The innovativeness of the proposed solution consists of adapting the laboratory Diesel Engine Test Bed to carry out experimental tests using residual and alternative fuels so that it is possible to imitate...
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A Review of Recent Advances in Human-Motion Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators, Self-Powering Smart Sensors and Self-Charging Electronics
PublicationIn recent years, portable and wearable personal electronic devices have rapidly developed with increasing mass production and rising energy consumption, creating an energy crisis. Using batteries and supercapacitors with limited lifespans and environmental hazards drives the need to find new, environmentally friendly, and renewable sources. One idea is to harness the energy of human motion and convert it into electrical energy...
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MARKAL long-term power generation scenarios for Poland: Increasing the share of renewable energy sources by 2040
PublicationIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspec-tives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In ad-dition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade...
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Total cross section for low-energy electron scattering from formic acid, (HCOOH), molecules
PublicationTotal cross section (TCS) for low-energy electron scattering from formic acid molecules has been measured using electrostatic electron spectrometer working in linear transmission mode. Two local maxima centered around 1.7 eV and 7.8 eV have been observed and associated with resonant scattering processes.
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Modeling nutrient removal and energy consumption in an advanced activated sludge system under uncertainty
PublicationActivated sludge models are widely used to simulate, optimize and control performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). For simulation of nutrient removal and energy consumption, kinetic parameters would need to be estimated, which requires an extensive measurement campaign. In this study, a novel methodology is proposed for modeling the performance and energy consumption of a biological nutrient removal activated sludge system...
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THE COMPOSITION MODULATION EFFECT IN GaInPAs SOLID SOLUTIONS AS A MANIFESTATION OF ENERGY RESONANCE AFTER MATERIAL'S SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION
PublicationThe Cahn-Hilliard model concepts are extended to describe the spinodal decomposition of Ga$_x$In$_{1-x}$P$_y$As$_{1-y}$ solid solutions grown on the InP substrate. The energy of elastic deformation of the thin layer of a solid solution was calculated on the assumption of its coherent conjugation with the massive InP substrate. The excess energy of component mixing in the solid phase was modeled in accordance with the simple solution...
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A method for optimizing potential-energy functions by a hierarchical design of the potential-energy landscape: Application to the UNRES force field
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Analysis of the Dependence between Energy Demand Indicators in Buildings Based on Variants for Improving Energy Efficiency in a School Building
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Effects of a rotating magnetic field on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient
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Impact of Cultural Differences on Knowledge Transfer in British, Hungarian and Polish Enterprises
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Numerical single-phase modeling of turbulent flow and heat transfer of nanofluids
PublicationIn this work, Nusselt number and friction factor are calculated numerically for turbulent pipe flow (6 000< Re < 12 000) with constant heat flux boundary condition using nanofluids. The nanofluid is modelled with the single-phase approach and the simulation results are compared with published experimental data.
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Experimental study of heat transfer intensification in surface cooling using microjets
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono badania eksperymentalne intensyfikacji wymiany ciepła podczas chłodzenia powierzchni mikrostrugami. Wyniki badań porównano z własnym modelem teoretycznym zjawiska.
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Application of load-transfer functions method for the analysis of the work of CFA piles
PublicationPrzeanalizowano kilkanaście wyników badań nośności pali CFA z kilku krajowych budów. We wszystkich przypadkach pale zakończone były w piaskach. Wyniki zinterpretowano za pomocą funkcji transformacyjnych. Oszacowano przebieg mobilizacji i wartości graniczne oporów gruntów wzdłuż pobocznic i pod podstawami pali.
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The Numerical Comparison of Heat Transfer in a Coated and Fixed Bed of an Adsorption Chiller
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Possibilities of heat transfer augmentation in heat exchangers with minichannels for marine applications
PublicationIn the paper, new trends in development of microchannel heat exchangers are presented. The exchangers developed in this way can be applied in marine applications. Main attention was focused on heat exchangers design with reduced size of passages namely based on microchannels. In our opinion future development of high power heat exchangers will be based on networks micro heat exchangers.
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Ab initio molecular treatment for charge transfer by S3+ ion on hydrogen.
PublicationPoliczono adiabatyczne potencjały oddziaływania między jonem siarki i wodoru. Dokonano obliczeń nieadiabatycznych sprzężeń pomiędzy tymi potencjałami. Obliczenia wykazały, że należy wziąć pod uwagę niezbadany wcześniej poziom energetyczny jonu siarki aby dokładnie wyjaśnić mechanizm przechwytu ładunku.