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Search results for: oxygen storage materials
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Hierarchical dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes
PublicationA hierarchical controller for tracking the dissolved oxygen reference trajectory in activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater is considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared to the internal dynamics of the dissolved oxygen in a biological reactor. It is a common approach to...
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Pulsed Laser Deposition of Bismuth Vanadate Thin Films—The Effect of Oxygen Pressure on the Morphology, Composition, and Photoelectrochemical Performance
PublicationThin layers of bismuth vanadate were deposited using the pulsed laser deposition technique on commercially available FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrates. Films were sputtered from a sintered, monoclinic BiVO4 pellet, acting as the target, under various oxygen pressures (from 0.1 to 2 mbar), while the laser beam was perpendicular to the target surface and parallel to the FTO substrate. The oxygen pressure strongly affects...
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A review on carbon storage via mineral carbonation: Bibliometric analysis, research advances, challenge, and perspectives
PublicationMineral carbonation as a way of carbon storage has received a particular attention in the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission . This work gives a comprehensive description of the research trends and hotspots in the field of mineral carbonation for carbon storage based on bibliometric analysis. A total of 1507 articles were collected from the Web of Science database from 2010 to 2022 and analyzed in details, using a Citepace...
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Tuning Electrochemical Performance by Microstructural Optimization of the Nanocrystalline Functional Oxygen Electrode Layer for Solid Oxide Cells
PublicationFurther development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) oxygen electrodes can be achieved through improvements in oxygen electrode design by microstructure miniaturisation alongside nanomaterials implementation. In this work, improved electrochemical performance of an La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF) cathode was achieved by the controlled modification of the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-d (LSC) nanocrystalline interlayer introduced between a porous...
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Oxygen concentration regulated the efficient liquefaction of vulcanized natural rubber
PublicationOxidative liquefaction represents a promising avenue for the homogeneous and high-value utilization of waste tire rubber. Given that truck tires predominantly comprise natural rubber (NR), this study investigated the efficient liquefaction of vulcanized NR regulated by oxygen concentration. Remarkably, the liquefaction of vulcanized NR was realized with an oxygen concentration of 75 % at 200 °C within 3 min. FTIR spectroscopy showed...
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Sustainability of Civil Structures through the Application of Smart Materials: A Review
PublicationEvery year, structural flaws or breakdowns cause thousands of people to be harmed and cost billions of dollars owing to the limitations of design methods and materials to withstand extreme earthquakes. Since earthquakes have a significant effect on sustainability factors, there is a contradiction between these constraints and the growing need for more sustainable structures. There has been a significant attempt to circumvent...
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Possibilities and benefits of a new method of modifying conventional building materials with phase-change materials (PCMs)
PublicationThe paper presents a current study devoted to the optimization of the amount of PCM present within traditional building materials, utilized in this case in hollow-brick walls. Authors focus on proposing an alternative to typical direct addition of PCM to existing building materials: introducing two- and three-component mixtures, based on a porous PCM carrier, which in this case was construction aggregate. Preliminary studies of...
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Modular power converter topologies for energy storage and electric power distribution systems
PublicationThis paper describes selected issues concerning realization of energy storage system (ESS) designed to operate in power distribution system. In order to achieve scalability of the system a modular approach is proposed. In addition to this different configuration of the system are analyzed, where depending on requirements and application a scalability in power, in energy capacity of energy storage resource and both in power and...
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Hybrid electrode materials for fast performance devices
PublicationEnergy storage devices such as Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors and other types of the electrochemical capacitors require chemically stable, non-soluble, electrochemically active electrode materials compatible with appropriate electrolytes. Factors which determine their applicability are derived from so called electrochemical window of electroltes, nature of charge accumulation and their kinetics. On the other hand technological...
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Recent Progress on Hydrogen Storage and Production Using Chemical Hydrogen Carriers
PublicationDepleting fossil fuel resources and anthropogenic climate changes are the reasons for the intensive development of new, sustainable technologies based on renewable energy sources. One of the most promising strategies is the utilization of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the limiting issue for large-scale commercialization of hydrogen technologies is a safe, efficient, and economical method of gas storage. In industrial practice,...
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Nonlinear fuzzy control of the dissolved oxygen in activated sludge processes
PublicationWastewater treatment plant is generally a complex, multivariable, time varying and nonlinear large scale industrial system. Moreover, interactions between the components are very strong. The dissolved oxygen tracking problem is one of the most complex and fundamental issues of biological processes. Air for the aerated tanks is supplied by aeration system (blowers, pipes, diffusers). It is a complex dynamic system. The new control...
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Qualitative Indicators Used to Select the Placement and Parameters of Energy Storage Installed in the Distribution Network
PublicationThe technology related to energy storage has developed in recent years. Continuous improvement of the solutions available on the market resulted in wider usability of energy storage. They are also increasingly used in a distribution network. This study contains a synthesised description of physical features of the energy storage used in distribution networks. Several criteria of algorithms used to determine the placement and...
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Storage electric multiple units on partially electrified suburban railway lines
PublicationThe paper presents possible environmental, energy and economical gains implied by replacing conventional traction vehicles with independent powered electric multiple units (IPEMU) on partially electrified suburban railways. IPEMUs can operate in two modes of power supply – using overhead catenary or onboard battery storage. Appropriate computer simulations were carried out in the Matlab program, indicating the parameters of storage...
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AC-DC-DC Converter for Small Power Energy Storage Systems
PublicationThe energy transformation driven by the development of renewable energy sources has become a reality for all power grid users. Prosumer energy, primarily utilizing photovoltaic installations, is one of the fastest-growing market segments. The advancement of technology, a decrease in electrochemical energy storage prices, and changes in the legal framework governing energy billing for grid-fed power have led to a growing interest...
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ENERGY SAVINGS BY APPLICATION OF SUPERCAPACITOR STORAGE IN TROLLEYBUS SUPPLYING STATION – ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
PublicationIn 2011–2013, stationary supercapacitor storage developed by the Electrotechnical Institute in Warsaw was put into trial operation in the trolleybus substation “Północna” (North) located in Gdynia. The article presents the results recorded during supercapacitor storage operation and discusses the impact of the storage on energy consumption savings. Guidelines for selecting a location for stationary supercapacitor storage...
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NVRAM as Main Storage of Parallel File System
PublicationModern cluster environments' main trouble used to be lack of computational power provided by CPUs and GPUs, but recently they suffer more and more from insufficient performance of input and output operations. Apart from better network infrastructure and more sophisticated processing algorithms, a lot of solutions base on emerging memory technologies. This paper presents evaluation of using non-volatile random-access memory as a...
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Selection of AHI + SC Hybrid Storage Based on Mathematical Models and Load Variation Characteristics
PublicationThe article deals with the design of a hybrid storage consisting of Aqueous Hybrid Ion battery (AHI) and supercapacitor (SC) modules. The selection of components is based on the knowledge of the load profile of the storage and the AHI battery and supercapacitor models. The paper presents the method of selecting components of the storage made of AHI batteries and supercapacitor modules The article includes an example of the hybrid...
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Energy savings by application of supercapacitor storage in trolleybus supplying station - analysis of experimental results
PublicationStorage devices can be divided into two groups: on-board energy storage devices, which are placed in the vehicles and off-board energy storage devices situated in traction substations or between them. Current research is focused mainly on two objectives. The first is to reduce the energy demand by introducing on-board energy storages in light electric vehicles like trams, trolleybuses or electrobuses. The latter is to provide a...
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Analytical Methods for Causality Evaluation of Photonic Materials
PublicationWe comprehensively review several general methods and analytical tools used for causality evaluation of photonic materials. Our objective is to call to mind and then formulate, on a mathematically rigorous basis, a set of theorems which can answer the question whether a considered material model is causal or not. For this purpose, a set of various distributional theorems presented in literature is collected as the distributional...
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ENERGY STORAGE IN COMPRESSED AIR – SOLUTION SUPPORTING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
PublicationThis article presents a brief description of a power system, the current national power system daily load, the use of wind power as a renewable energy source and its share in the national load. It also discusses the methods for storing energy, their characteristics and possible solutions. The power storage and generation solution proposed in the article is based on the collaboration between a gas turbine and an air storage system....
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Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Dynamics in a Bioreactor at WWTP
PublicationThe importance of dissolved oxygen concentration controlinaerationtanksofabioreactoratflow-throughwastewater treatment plant (WWTP) can easily be justified by technological requirements as well as simple economics. Firstly, appropriate levels of dissolved oxygen concentration are essential for the vitality of microorganisms that comprise the bioreactor. Secondly, the costs of dissolved oxygen concentration control related to the...
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Selection of energy storage units by genetic algorithm for mitigating voltage deviations
PublicationIn recent years, energy storage units have become very popular. They are applied both for economic and technical purposes. Unfortunately, the cost of such devices is still high and selecting their proper location and rated power have to be performed precisely. In this paper, a Genetic-Algorithm-based optimization method for selecting the best configuration of energy storage units in the power network is proposed. The presented...
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Effect of biostimulants and storage on the content of macroelements in storage roots of carrot
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Crack propoagation in MgO-PSZ ceramic materials
PublicationThe properties of ceramic materials such as elevated hardness, high temperature capability, low coefficient of thermal expansion are of interest for rolling element materials. Widely used ceramic materials in engineering applications are silicon nitride, zirconia and alumina. The paper presents an experimental study of the fatigue life of MgO-PSZ ceramic material in lubricated contact with defined types of cracks. A ceramic angular...
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Simulation studies into quayside transport and storage yard operations in container terminals
PublicationThe focus of the paper is on quayside transport and storage yard operations in the sea container terminals. Developed algorithms for solving the issues of load handling and storage space allocation have been applied in the frame of adopted simulation model. The criteria chosen for decision making involved the total makespan of vessel unloading and the utilisation levels of the transportation trucks. Recommendations for unloading...
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Nanotechnologies in Development of Structural Materials and Biomaterials
PublicationThe nanometric materials and technologies resulted in nanostructures are reviewed. The examples of nanomaterials are shown. The typical nanotechnologies, including plastic deformation, mechanical attrition, controlled detonation, hot plasma jet synthesis, laser vaporisation, CVD and PVD, mechanical milling, annealing, ultrasonic irradiation, nanolithography, electrocrystallisation, electrospinning, sol-gel method, cryogenic laser-enhanced...
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Energy storage device based on flywheel, power converters and Simulink real-time
PublicationThis electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. Paper presents information on Energy Storage Device based on Flywheel and bi-directional IGBT Power Converters – designed for LINTE^2 laboratory owned by Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. Paper is divided into four sections. First section of the paper provides introductory information...
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Oxygen biosensor based on carbon nanotubes directly grown on graphitic substrate
PublicationFilms of carbon nanotubes were synthesized on the graphitic substrates by CVD method in the presence of catalyst. Two different catalysts were used, that is nickel and iron, supported on graphitic substrates. The as-obtained nanotubes were analyzed by SEM imaging with EDX and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed their multi-walled morphology. Free radical reaction was carried out in order to chemically functionalize synthesized...
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Techno-economic assessment of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen storage
PublicationThe paper presents a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility with the use of the most promising renewable energy sources (RES), supported by a hydrogen energy storage. This scenario was compared with the variants of supplying the facility directly from the grid and from RES without energy storage. A strategy was proposed for powering the plant aimed at maximising self-consumption of self-generated...
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Progress in ATRP-derived materials for biomedical applications
PublicationThe continuing wave of technological breakthroughs and advances is critical for engineering well- defined materials, particularly biomaterials, with tailored microstructure and properties. Over the last few decades, controlled radical polymerization (CRP) has become a very promising option for the synthesis of precise polymeric materials with an unprecedented degree of control over mo lecular architecture. Atom transfer radical...
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Thermal energy storage using stearic acid as PCM material
PublicationThis work presents an experimental study of thermal energy storage by use of PCM. The aim of the study was to establish the influence of different inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF) and different Reynolds number of HTF on intensity of charging process. The PCM used in this study was stearic acid and water was used as HTF. A copper helical coil mounted in cylindrical container served as a heat transfer surface.
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ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITORIAL ON THE JOURNAL'S 20th ANNIVERSARY
PublicationEditorial on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Advances in Materials Science journal.
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The role of aluminium in metal–organic frameworks derived carbon doped with cobalt in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
PublicationWater electrolysis is one of the most crucial processes in the development of new energy sources, where ultra-clean fuel is produced - hydrogen. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the sluggish process of overall water splitting. Therefore, this study presents the design, characterization and electrochemical study of cobalt-based electrocatalysts embedded into porous carbons derived from an Al-metal–organic...
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Experimental and theoretical study of a vertical tube in shell storage unit with biodegradable PCM for low temperature thermal energy storage applications
PublicationThis article presents the experimental investigations of the coconut oil-based TES module for HVAC applications in the ambient and-sub ambient temperature range. To properly study this problem modular experimental module and test loop were developed. Special attention has been paid to study the physical mechanism of the melting/solidification process for natural substance (coconut oil) which has perspectives to be used in thermal...
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Modeling sequencing batch reactor operational conditions depending on oxygen concentration
PublicationSequencing batch reactors (SBR) can be used as a fill-and draw activated sludge system for wastewater treatment with considerable operating flexibility and the possibility to conduct experiments under standard conditions and extreme case scenarios. Mathematical modeling and computer simulations provide an opportunity to implement existing wastewater processes in modeling software and evaluate different modifications at low costs...
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Improvement of Oxygen Electrode Performance of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Cells by Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Active Layers
PublicationIntermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells oxygen electrodes are modified by active interfacial layers. Spray pyrolysis is used to produce thin (≈500 nm) layers of mixed ionic and electronic conductors: Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC), La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF), and Pr6O11 (PrOx) on the electrode–electrolyte interface. The influence of the annealing temperature on the electrode polarization (area specific...
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A concept of zero-dimensional and three-dimensional thermodynamic modelling of steam storage in a steam cycle
PublicationThis work presents the thermodynamic model of steam storage in a steam cycle. The innovative steam storage is an integral part of the unit and thus responds quickly to changes in load. This enhances the primary control reserve while maintaining high efficiency of energy conversion. With regard to power plants, it improves the operational safety of generation units, as it prevents boiler and turbines overload in the case of steep...
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N-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets obtained by pyrolysis of a chitosan–melamine mixture for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.
PublicationBy simple thermal decomposition of low-cost precursors (chitosan, melamine) in an inert atmosphere, nitrogen-doped porous carbonaceous materials were prepared. The samples pyrolyzed at 700 C are composed of mainly mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets and partially graphitized carbon. The nanosheets contain a disordered area due to the strain imposed by the presence of nitrogen and/or oxygen groups in their structure. Some...
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Two kinds of oxygen vacancies in lithium titaniate doped with copper as detected by EPR
PublicationLithium titanate (Li1+xTi2-xO4) doped with Cu2+ ions was synthesized by sol-gel processing method. The structure and morphology are characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Spin Hamiltonian parameters describing Zeeman and hyperfine interaction for 63Cu2+ ions were obtained from EPR spectra simulations. The spectra...
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Processing, Performance Properties, and Storage Stability of Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Dicumyl Peroxide and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers
PublicationIn this paper, ground tire rubber was modified with dicumyl peroxide and a variable content (in the range of 0–15 phr) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers characterized by different vinyl acetate contents (in the range of 18–39 wt.%). Modification of ground tire rubber was performed via an auto-thermal extrusion process in which heat was generated during internal shearing of the material inside the extruder barrel. The processing,...
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A Model-Based Improved Control of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in Sequencing Wastewater Batch Reactor
PublicationBiochemical processes at wastewater treatment plant are complex, nonlinear, time varying and multivariable. Moreover, relationships between processes are very strong. One of the most important issues is exerting proper control over dissolved oxygen levels during nitrification phase. This parameter has a very large impact on activity of microorganisms in activated sludge and on quality of pollution removal processes. Oxygen is supplied...
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Reliability Analysis of Data Storage Using Survival Signature and Logic Differential Calculus
PublicationThe Data storage system is an important part of any information system. All the necessary data that must be available for the successful operation of the information system are stored here. Therefore, it is advisable to think about the reliability of such a data storage system. As part of reliability engineering, it is possible to perform a reliability analysis of any system. Therefore, the data storage system can be analyzed as...
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Hybrid energy storage forelectric multiple units to operate at the partially electrified line Gdynia -Hel
PublicationThe article presents calculations enabling the selection of an on-board energy storage device to replace diesel-powered trains with modern storage multiple units on the example railway line Gdynia Główna -Hel. The pioneering and currently used storage electric multiple units, mainly in Europe, were presented. The condensed results of the inventory of the line in question, including the technical condition...
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Risks caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks
PublicationMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) poses serious problems for the petrochemical and refinery industries. Particularly favourable conditions for MIC arise in storage tanks and transmission pipelines for mixtures of diesel oil with the addition of a biocomponent (in Poland 7%). The best conditions for the development of MIC occur at the fuel-water interface, where microorganisms are provided with a source of food and water,...
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Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review
PublicationThe following paper presents an overview of methods for improving the storage stability at high temperature of rubber modified bitumen. The storage stability of the rubber modified bitumen can be improved by using a various types of modifiers that form the bonds between the components of these binders. The increase in stability can also be achieved by using crumbrubber surface-activated by furaldehyde or ground tire rubber (GTR)...
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Intelligent PI controller and its application to dissolved oxygen tracking problem
PublicationThe paper addresses design, calibration, implementation and simulation of the intelligent PI controller used for dissolved oxygen (DO) tracking in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The calibration process presented in this paper utilizes both engineering and scientific methods. Verification of the control system design method was obtained via simulation experiments.
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Impact of R/X ratio of distribution network on selection and control of energy storage units
PublicationThe interest in energy storage is still increasing. Energy storage units are installed in high voltage networks, medium voltage networks and low voltage distribution networks as well. These units are often used to improve power quality. One of the criteria for improving power quality is reducing voltage deviations. Depending on the type of network and specifying its R/X ratio, this criterion can be fulfilled by control of active...
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Nonlinear Fuzzy Control System for Dissolved Oxygen with Aeration System in Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublicationBiological processes at a wastewater treatment plant are complex, multivariable, time varying and nonlinear. Moreover, interactions between the components are very strong. Control of dissolved oxygen is one of most important task at the plant. The level of dissolved oxygen in aerobic tanks has significant influence on behaviour and activity of microorganisms at the plant. Air for aerated tanks is supplied by the aeration system...
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Underwater Processing of Materials
PublicationEditorial do SI
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Manufacturing Parameters, Materials, and Welds Properties of Butt Friction Stir Welded Joints–Overview
PublicationThe modern and eco-friendly friction stir welding (FSW) method allows the combination of even such materials that are considered to be non-weldable. The development of FSW technology in recent years has allowed a rapid increase in the understanding of the mechanism of this process and made it possible to perform the first welding trials of modern polymeric and composite materials, the joining of which was previously a challenge....