Filters
total: 300
filtered: 241
Search results for: EUROPEAN UNION’S FLOODS DIRECTIVE
-
Continuous learning as a method of raising qualifications – the perspective of workers, employers and training organizations
PublicationContinuous learning is discussed in strategic documents of Poland and the European Union. In Poland, the idea of continuous learning is not very popular. However, in the context of strong competition in the labour market and the progressive globalization processes, the skills issue takes on new meaning — both for employees and employers. In order to adapt skills to labour market needs it is necessary to conduct adequate studies...
-
Wdrożenie nowych regulacji prawnych w ochronie powietrza atmosferycznego w Polsce
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zmiany prawne wynikające z przystosowania dyrektyw 2008/50/WE i 2004/107/WE do prawodawstwa polskiego. Nowe regulacje odnoszące się do ochrony powietrza stanowią jedynie rozbudowanie i modyfikację istniejacych dotychczas przepisów. W ratykule podano istotne informacje wynikajace z decyzji Komisji Europejslkiej 2011/850/UE
-
Birch sap concentrate as a potential modern food product
PublicationThis paper presents birch sap concentrate obtained by the reverse osmosis method. It is characterized by sweet taste, high content of minerals and no risk to consumers in terms of content of heavy metals standardized in the European Union food legislation. This beverage has all the features of a modern food product, i.e. it has an attractive taste, is obtained using new technology, meets the clean label requirements and can be...
-
Implementing Integrated Territorial Investments
PublicationThe chapter presents the first experiences related to the implementation of the Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI). In the case of the Pomeranian region in Poland, this process was associated with the creation of a broad partnership and bottom-up approach to the development strategy programming for Urban Functional Areas. In this paper, we try to assess the effectiveness of this process, by defining its strong points and bottlenecks,...
-
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ENTERPRISES IN KAZAKHSTAN AS AN EXAMPLE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION PATTERNS IN THE AREA OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION.
PublicationThe article aims to show the specificity of the internationalization of Kazakh enterprises, in particular, the pace, scope, intensity, and forms of their internationalization in the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The EEU is a relatively young grouping that was established in 2015 by the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation. EEU creators try to give...
-
Problems of Railway Noise—A Case Study
PublicationUnder Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, all European countries are obliged to model their environmental noise levels in heavily populated areas. Some countries have their own national method, to predict noise but most have not created one yet. The recommendation for countries that do not have their own model is to use an interim method....
-
Problems of Railway Noise-A Case Study
PublicationUnder Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, all European countries are obliged to model their environmental noise levels in heavily populated areas. Some countries have their own national method, to predict noise but most have not created one yet. The recommendation for countries that do not have their own model is to use an interim method. The Dutch SRM II scheme is suggested for...
-
Age management in the Baltic Sea Region
PublicationThis chapter takes a broader view on the issues connected with age management. In its first part, some demographic processes in the European Union countries are described. Those processes contribute to the ageing of the society and an increasing need for age management at various levels. Furthermore, situation in selected Baltic Sea Region countries is presented. In the next section, age management from organizational perspective...
-
Chinese Foreign Direct Investments in Europe. The Polish Case
PublicationThe first aim of this paper is to analyze the features that have motivated Chinese outbound investments in the European Union. The paper outlines also the policies adopted by the European institutions and its member states to encourage the increase of the Chinese FDI without harming the internal European market, and consequently phase out all concerns that are afflicting the European public opinion. The second purpose is more focused...
-
Determinanty bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Mołdawii: między Unią Europejską a Federacją Rosyjską
PublicationArtykuł ukazuje główne determinanty politycznego wymiaru bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Mołdawii wynikające ze stosunków z Unią Europejską i Federacją Rosyjską oraz ewolucji mołdawskiej sceny politycznej. Uwzględniając głównie rosnącą obecność rosyjskiego kapitału na mołdawskim rynku energetycznym od schyłku XX w., narastające zadłużenie za dostawy gazu wobec Gazpromu, rosyjskie szantaże energetyczne i handlowe, stopniowo wprowadzane...
-
MODEL OF MULTILEVEL STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF ROAD SAFETY ON REGIONAL LEVEL
PublicationIn this paper multilevel approach to the issue of road safety level on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS 2 in statistical databases of the European Union, has been presented. Following the pattern of many publications on road safety it has been assumed that the risk calculated as the number of death casualties in road accidents per 100,000 inhabitants of a given region has Poisson distribution. Therefore,...
-
The Efficiency and Productivity Evaluation of National Innovation Systems in Europe
PublicationPurpose: An efficient innovation system currently plays a crucial role in creating competitive prevalence, contributing to the economic growth of individual states. The innovation system is influenced by many socioeconomic factors, including in international rankings of innovativeness of economies. These classifications have some limitations. Primarily, they do not examine the efficiency, which means they do not analyze the...
-
UN DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY IN THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY STRATEGY UNTIL 2020 – POLISH APPROACH
PublicationPoland continues to have the highest number of road deaths per one million population in the European Union, according to a 2012 European Commission report – in 2011 the rate in Poland was 109 fatalities compared to the EU average of 61 killed. Adopted by the government in 2005 Poland’s National Road Safety Programme GAMBIT 2005 was the response to the EU’s 3rd Road Safety Action Programme. Despite extensive road safety efforts,...
-
Potential of Polish R&D industry in the context of prototyping, design, development and control of a dedicated national satellite SAR system for marine ecosystem monitoring. Technical paper - preliminary study
Publicationpace technology is currently one of the most important elements in the advance of information societies and knowledge-based economies all over the world. The European Space Agency (ESA) is in the focal point of European space activities, while the European Union provides strong financial support for the development of space technologies and applications in its flagship programs. In a domestic scope, the Polish Space Agency (POLSA)...
-
A concept for reducing PM 10 emissions for car brakes by 50%
PublicationWith regard to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), in countries in the European Union, the mass of brake emissions equals approximately 8–27% of the total traffic-related emissions. Using a research methodology combining tests at different scale levels with contact mechanics simulations and PM10 chemical characterization, the REBRAKE EU-financed project had the following aims: i) to demonstrate...
-
Przegląd metod oceny struktur przestrzennych w warunkach zrównoważonego rozwoju
Publicationthe article "the assessment methods' review of urban structures in the sustainable development context" presents various methods along with tools and ways how to apply them. mainly it is based on methods' descriptions contained in bequest programme (building environmental quality evaluation sustainability through time). the assessment should improve formation of the built environment and practical realization of the idea of sustainable...
-
The main developments of the CSR initiatives in Poland
PublicationThis short paper outlines the most important documents and initiatives that have appeared in the subject throughout the years within the international institutions, such as United Nations or European Union. It also discusses the ways in which the international CSR initiatives are being incorporated into Polish legislative and organizational system, by providing an outline of the biggest and most active organizations and foundations...
-
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА И ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА
PublicationПосле получения независимости в начале 90-х годов XX в. Республика Азербайджан подписала более пятидесяти договоров с международными организациями. В 1991 г. государство установило контакты с Европейским союзом в ходе реализации проектов в рамках программы TACIS, предназначенной для стран СНГ. Экономические контакты между партнерами активизировались, благодаря подписанию и вступлению в силу в 1999 г. Соглашения о партнерстве и...
-
Why is IPv6 Deployment Important for the Internet Evolution?
PublicationAbstract-Replacing the IPv4 protocol with IPv6 on the Internet is currently one of the aims of the European Union policy. The main reason for this replacement is the effeteness of the addresses pool in the IPv4 protocol, which can cause serious complications in the evolution of the Internet and its adaptation in new areas, e.g., in next generation mobile telephony or the so called Internet of Things. Simultaneously, the addressing...
-
Supporting the development of clusters in Poland - dillemas faced by public policy
PublicationClusters have proved to be an important source of competitiveness for the economic development of regions within the European Union. In recent years many countries in the EU and throughout the world have launched policies aimed at supporting the development of clusters. There are many examples of good practices in the field of cluster policy, but there is no single model that can be applied in all countries and regions. This paper...
-
Does migration lead to economic convergence in an enlarged European market?
PublicationThis paper examines the relationship between migration and convergence for the enlarged internal market of the European Union (EU27) for the period 1990-2007. The impact of migration on growth is estimated in two ways: by including the migration rate in a growth regression and examining its impact on the convergence coefficient; and from the actual coefficient on migration, which can be interpreted as the effect of migration on...
-
The comparison of Internet Mortgage Market in Selected EU Countries
PublicationThe paper presents the description of Internet mortgage market in selected European Union countries. It starts with brief introduction to the concept of creating a fuzzy model representing Polish Internet Mortgage Market. Then, for better understanding of the complexities of this kind of market functioning the comparison is made between mortgage markets in Poland, Estonia, Germany and The United Kingdom (UK): The UK as the European...
-
EXCHANGE TRADED COMMODITIES AS A CATEGORY OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS ON EUROPEAN FINANCIAL MARKETS
PublicationThe article presents the main features of one category of innovative financial products – exchange traded commodities (ETCs) and results of the analysis of the European market for ETCs. ETCs are products listed and traded on the stock exchanges and they offer investors returns based on various assets (commodities or currencies). In contrast with the most widely recognized exchange traded funds (ETFs), ETCs are structured as debt...
-
The Opening of Central and Eastern European Countries to Free Trade: A Critical Assessment
PublicationThree decades after the fall of the Berlin wall and one and a half decades after the Big Bang enlargement of the European Union (2004-2007), we revisit contrasting narratives about the benefit of both free trade and the EU enlargement for Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. We distinguish old, pre-2004 EU countries from CEE countries that joined the EU in 2004-2007, as well as from the CEE countries that have not become...
-
Conditions and capacity for implementing Poland’s vision zero
PublicationSince 1991 Poland has been systematically reducing its traffic hazard. Despite considerable progress Poland is still among the most dangerous countries in the European Union. The key types of actions that help to reduce fatalities include enhancement of pedestrian safety, reducing the number of speeding drivers and eliminating or reducing hazard on the road. The paper presents a brief diagnosis of the state of road safety in Poland...
-
Falling accident risk in Poland.
PublicationFor the last few years we observe optimistic tendencies in traffic risk development in Poland - the number of fatalities decreases about 10% per year, bringing Poland closer to European Union standards. Nevertheless in 2001 we observed the unexpected, and bigger than forecasted, fatality reduction. The reason was the economic downturn suffered across the country, resulting in reduced demand for transportation. The danger lies in...
-
METHODOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SPECIALISATION IN POMERANIAN VOIVODESHIP IN POLAND
PublicationThe subject of the presented research was projects co financed with European Union funds realised in years 2007–2013 in small towns of Pomeranian Voivodship. Projects which were included belong to 3 programmes: Innovative Economy Programme, Infrastructure and Environment Programme and Regional Operational Programme. The aim of the researches was study of the structure of projects according to its kind and town division. The other...
-
Falling accident risk in Poland.
PublicationFor the last few years we observe optimistic tendencies in traffic risk development in Poland the number of fatalities decreases about 10% per year, bringing Poland closer to European Union standards. Nevertheless in 2001 we observed the unexpected, and bigger than forecasted, casualty reduction. The reason was the economic downturn suffered across the country, resulting in reduced demand for transportation. The danger lies in...
-
Comparison of the tests for equivalence of the measurement methods for measurement of PM10 dust in ambient air
PublicationThe paper presents the motives for conducting the equivalence tests and the reasons of discrepancies between the results of PM10 dust concentration obtained via the reference method and the methods based on 'on-site' measurement. The reference and non-reference methods of measurement of PM10 dust concentration in air have been discussed. Field tests for equivalence, following the Polish standard and the European Union (EU) guidelines,...
-
Gaseous products from scrap tires pyrolisis
PublicationIn European Union 75% of used tires should be recycled. The most common method of used tires disposal, is burning in cement kilns, which does not solve the problem. Pyrolysis process can be an alternative way of utilization of tires. The aim of the researches was to check the influence of pyrolysis products (gas and oil fractions) on environment. Samples from pyrolysis process, like light oil fractions or pyrolysis gases were analyzed...
-
The Implementation of the Taxonomic Spatial Measure of Development in the Analysis of Convergence in the Standard of Living
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to analyse the existence of the social convergence in the European Union between 19952012. The social convergence refers to a reduction in the dispersion of the standard of living across countries. A taxonomic spatial measure of development was used as the standard of living approximation. The use of the new approach proposed by E. Antczak allowed for an explanation of the disparities in the analysed...
-
One Europe, one product, two prices - the price disparity in the EU
PublicationThe price dispersion in the European Union in the last fifteen years (1990-2005) is analysed. The analysis of price convergence is examined on aggregate and disaggregate levels. The macro approach is based on Comparative Price Level index calculated as the ratio between PPPs and exchange rate. The disaggregate analysis utilizesactual prices of 148 individual products sold in the 15 capital cities of the EU. The calculations comprise...
-
The content of high-intensity sweeteners in different categories of foods available on the Polish market
PublicationThe objective of this study was to measure the concentrations of nine high-intensity sweeteners (acesulfame-K, aspartame, alitame, cyclamate, dulcin, neohesperidin DC, neotame, saccharin and sucralose) in different categories of food available on the Polish market. Over 170 samples of different brands of beverages, yoghurts, fruit preparations, vegetable preserves and fish products were analysed using an analytical procedure based...
-
Safety PL - a support tool for Road Safety Impact Assessment
PublicationPublished on 19 November 2008, the European Union's Directive 2008/96/EC is one of the most important EU documents setting out a road safety orientation, in particular, road infrastructure safety management. It identifies four main areas of activity: road safety impact assessment, road safety audit, ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking and road infrastructure safety inspection. The Directive...
-
Digital data and tools in transformative education to preserve architecture and cultural heritage: case studies from Italy and Poland
PublicationIn this article, the authors present the findings and results of a recent study focused on various collaborative activities mostly between Italy and Poland, and digital teaching platforms aimed at educating future architects. These architects are envisioned as curators of digital data and experts in using digital tools in the field of architecture and architectural heritage. The investigation had two main objectives. Firstly, it...
-
Modelling of the Polish Electricity Generation Subsystem in MARKAL Program with Emphasis on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
PublicationThis paper addresses issues related to greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union and measures to reduce them, in particular the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). A model of the Polish electricity generation subsystem, taking into account EU ETS mechanisms, has been developed using the MARKAL optimization package. Data collected on the basis of available projects, regulations and statistics were entered into the model....
-
Abstract class method use on common characteristics of UE regions for better road safety management in these regions.
PublicationRoad Safety is the significant problem requiring still a lot of attention. Despite lots of actions for road fatalities reduction, in many countries or regions situation doesn't improve as good as in the other cases. Even if these actions are very similar. It is so difficult issue, that the answer why is that happens hasn't been found yet. In this paper authors focused on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS...
-
Understanding the Ukrainian Migrants Challenges in the EU: A Topic Modeling Approach
PublicationConfronted with the aggression against Ukraine in 2022, Europe faces one of the most important humanitarian challenges - the migration of war refugees from Ukraine, most of them women with children and the elderly. Both international institutions such as the European Union and the United Nations, but also national governments and, above all, local governments, which are the main providers of services and resources for refugees,...
-
Voltage control in a power system with renewable sources of energy
PublicationIntensive development of distributed generation in power systems, caused by the European Union energy policy, gives possibility for improving safety in power delivery as well as optimizing the costs of the systems functioning. In this context, distributed generation can be used for voltage control in power systems – it can be performed by the control of reactive power of each source of energy or a group of energy sources. This...
-
First Outcomes of an Investigation about Daylighting Knowledge and Education in Europe
PublicationDAYKE (Daylighting Knowledge in Europe) is a project to investigate the daylighting knowledge and skills of Architecture students and practitioners from different countries within the European Union. This paper introduces the first stage of the research and provides results from a direct survey taken by 161 students from seven schools of Architecture: two in Italy, one in The Netherlands, two in Poland and two in Spain. The results...
-
Process of Emergence of Smart Specialisation in Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland
PublicationThe European Commission puts a growing emphasis on the smart specialization as a tool of regional development. This term is present in a number of strategic development documents in the European Union, including Europe 2020, published by the European Commission in 2010. It implies the need for countries and regions to specialize as well as focus the development of innovation on areas that are consistent with their endogenous potentials. Objectives...
-
Current Status, Barriers and Development Perspectives for Circular Bioeconomy in Polish South Baltic Area
PublicationThe following article presents the current legal situation in Poland as well as in the European Union. Data on biomass production in the Polish South Baltic area were analyzed, along with an indication of the key sectors for the development of bioeconomy. Presentation of the current state of biomass management was made and areas necessary for development were indicated to facilitate the sustainable management of biomass and waste...
-
Application of chiral chromatography for enantiomeric separation of currently used pesticides from various chemical groups
PublicationChiral pesticides account for more than 25 % of currently used pesticides and this ratio is still increasing. According to the number of chiral centers in the structure, a pesticide may consist of two or multiple enantiomers or stereoisomers. Studies into the stereoselective behaviour of pesticides started in the early 1990s and most research efforts focused on understanding the environmental fate and effects of these pesticides....
-
Do new EU members have any chance of earning as much as Westerns do?
PublicationThis article examines the wage dispersion in the European Union in the last ten years (1996-2006). The research is motivated by the fact that New Members States (NMS) expected that wage convergence would occurred after their accession to the EU. At the same time Old Member States (OMS) have been increasingly concerned with the possibility that the EU enlargement could influence their local labor markets and wages through new channels...
-
Does one currency mean one price?
PublicationEuropean Monetary Union was expected to have many consequences for the economies of participant countries. Theory suggested that through a higher volume of trade and stronger competition in the Eurozone, a single currency would lead to a reduction in price dispersion. As far as prices are concerned, two effects were expected: an immediate effect due to the technical characteristics of the changeover process, and a long-term one...
-
Side Effects of National Immunization Program: E-Governance Support Toward Elders' Digital Inclusion
PublicationIn response to the coronavirus pandemic, the European Union (EU) governments develop policies to regulate exclusive health protection actions that consider societal needs with the emphasis on elders. Given that the EU vaccination strategy uses a centralized ICT-based approach, there is little guidance on how seniors are included in national immunization programs (NIP). In this paper, we addressed a knowledge gap of the side effects...
-
Sektor usług wiedzochłonnych oraz jego dynamika i struktura zatrudnienia w krajach Unii Europejskiej
PublicationNiniejszy artykuł dotyczy sektora usług wiedzochłonnych oraz jego dynamiki i struktury zatrudnienia. W części teoretycznej opracowania przedstawiono zagadnienia definicyjne oraz klasyfikacyjne związane z sektorem usług wiedzochłonnych, a także omówiono kwestie wiedzochłonności tego sektora. W części badawczej zaprezentowano analizę dynamiki i struktury zatrudnienia w sektorach usług wiedzochłonnych krajów należących do Unii Europejskiej....
-
Europe, between Mandatory and Voluntary Approach to CSR: Some New Evidence from the Polish Listed Companies
PublicationThis paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate governance rules and application of CSR practices into operations of the top 30 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Since in Poland, so far, there is no obligation to follow any specific CSR standards or to make disclosures of non-financial, social and environmental information, this is still a fully voluntary approach. At the moment, only some of the companies...
-
Civil liability for artificial intelligence products versus the sustainable development of CEECs: which institutions matter?
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to conduct a meta-analysis of the EU and CEECs civil liability institutions in order to find out if they are ready for the Artificial Intelligence (AI) race. Particular focus is placed on ascertaining whether civil liability institutions such as the Product Liability Directive (EU) or civil codes (CEECs) will protect consumers and entrepreneurs, as well as ensure undistorted competition. In line with the...
-
Economic crisis in Croatia
PublicationCroatia is becoming the 28th member of the European Union on July 1st, 2013. Croatia has gone a long way from a socialistic republic to an independent country recognized as one of the economic tigers of the Western Balkans in the first decade of the 21st century. Croatia has been hit by a global crisis which turned out to be a huge external shock for the region of the Western Balkans. Although it does not enter the economy through...