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Search results for: DRY/WET CYCLE
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublicationW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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Pomiar wartości opóźnienia hamowania dla sprawnego i niesprawnego układu hamulcowego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań: sprawny układ hamulcowy i niesprawny układ hamulcowy. Pomiary opóźnienia hamowania przeprowadzono na suchej nawierzchni asfaltowej. Wykonano układ, który rozszczelnia przewód hamulcowy przy przednim prawym kole w czasie jazdy. Wykonano symulację wycieku płynu hamulcowego
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The Influence of Sulfate on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublicationAnaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a more comprehensive metabolism than expected - there may be other electron acceptors that oxidize ammonium nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, in addition to the well-known nitrite nitrogen, one of which is sulfate in the sulfammox process. Sulfate-containing compounds are part of the medium for the anammox process, but their concentrations are not particularly high (0.2 g MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O/dm3...
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Selected aspects of performance of organic Rankine cycles incorporated into bioenergy with carbon capture and storage using gasification of sewage sludge
PublicationThe study aims to investigate the application of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in the bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) using gasification of sewage sludge. The tool used in the investigation is the Aspen Plus software with REFPROP property methods for calculating fluid properties. The reason for this study is that a detailed analysis of the proposed BECCS process flow diagram indicates that a certain amount of...
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Hydrogen Production via Biomethane Reforming in DBD Reactor
PublicationProduction of hydrogen from CH4:CO2 (70%:30%) mixture simulating dry biogas in a DBD reactor supplied with AC of 1.0-2.0 kHz or nanosecond negative pulses is presented. We have found that hydrogen production and methane conversion degree increase linearly with discharge power in the range of up to 50 W. Nanosecond voltage pulses are much more efficient in hydrogen production than sine AC voltage
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High-temperature heat pumps – new devices for heat recovery and production of technological steam
PublicationIn the paper, the original high temperature compressor based heat pump with a dry working fluid, i.e. the one in which the slope of saturated vapour line is positive, was presented. The objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of preparation of technological steam with tempperature 120 C from the waste heat resource at temperature of 50 C. Single comppression cycles as well as cascade systems have been considered...
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Synthesis and Testing of BCZY/LNZ Mixed Proton–electron Conducting Composites for Fuel Cell Applications
PublicationA composite of BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3–δ and Li2O:NiO:ZnO was investigated for fuel cell applications. The composite was successfully synthesized and its phase stability was confirmed at temperatures up to 900 °C. The influence of sintering and pressing aids on density was also investigated. Electrical properties were measured. DC electrical conductivity was about 8•10-4 S/m at 845 K. Open circuit voltage measurements in wet hydrogen...
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Entrained Flow Plasma Gasification of Sewage Sludge–Proof-of-Concept and Fate of Inorganics
PublicationSewage sludge is a residue of wastewater processing that is biologically active and consists of water, organic matter, including dead and living pathogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. Landfilling is on the decline, giving way to more environmentally friendly utilisation routes. This paper presents the results of a two-stage gasification–vitrification system, using...
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ANALIZA PORÓWNAWCZA DROGI HAMOWANIA MOTOCYKLA Z WŁĄCZONYM I WYŁĄCZONYM UKŁADEM ABS
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiaru drogi hamowania motocykla przy użyciu hamulca koła przedniego, koła tylnego oraz kombinacji obu tych hamulców. Próby intensywnego hamowania motocykla przeprowadzono na suchej nawierzchni asfaltowej z włączonym i wyłączonym układem ABS. Na podstawie zmierzonej drogi hamowania dokonano obliczenia średniego opóźnienia hamowania.
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PROBLEMS WITH CORROSION PROTECTION STEEL STACKS IN FGD SYSTEMS
PublicationThis paper presents problems associated with corrosion of steel stacks and changes in philosophy of corrosion protection when implemented into flue gas desulphurization systems. In-situ tests were taken by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at a stack which discharges flue gas before wet lime/limestone desulphurization. A very rapid soaking of spherical infill vinylester coating with electrolyte has been observed....
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Derivation of motor mean phase currents in PMSM drives operating with low switching-to-fundamental frequency ratio
PublicationPulse width modulation (PWM) of inverter output voltage causes the waveforms of motor phase cur-rents to consist of distinctive ripples. In order to provide suitable feedback for the motor current con-trollers, the mean value must be extracted from the currents’ waveforms in every PWM cycle. A com-mon solution to derive the mean phase currents is to sample their value at the midpoint of a symmetrical PWM cycle. Using an assumption...
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Ocena kosztu cyklu życia szyn kolejowych w modernizacji układów geometrycznych
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono uwarunkowania historyczne, które doprowadziły do opracowania metod szacowania kosztu życia inwestycji. Opisano podstawowe założenia LCC według modelu przedstawionego w Normach oraz opracowanego w projekcie INNOTRACK. Zaproponowano połączenie powyższych metod i dostosowanie ich do oceny kosztu życia szyn kolejowych w Polce. Przedstawiono elementy wpływające na koszt utrzymania nawierzchni szynowej oraz metody...
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NUMERYCZNY MODEL OBLICZENIOWY OBIEGU TURBINY KLASY 300 MW
PublicationNiniejszy artykuł stanowi opis modelu obiegu cieplnego turbiny o mocy 360MW, utworzonego w preprocesorze numerycznego programu obliczeniowego onazwie DIAGAR. Zadaniem opisywanego modelu jest odtwarzanie zjawisk fizycznych zachodzących w poszczególnych urządzeniach składowych obiegu, zarówno podczas poprawnej (sprawnej) pracy bloku energetycznego, jak i w przypadku pojawienia się niesprawności. Utworzony...
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Optimized photodegradation of palm oil agroindustry waste effluent using multivalent manganese–modified black titanium dioxide
PublicationThis article presents a methodological approach to use manganese (Mn3+Mn7+)-modified black titanium dioxide (Mn/BTiO2) as a photocatalyst to optimize and improve visible-light-driven photodegradation of treated agro-industrial effluent (TPOME). A modified wet chemical process was used to prepare BTiO2. The BTiO2 was then wet impregnated with Mn and calcined at 300 °C for 1 h to produce Mn/BTiO2. The activity of Mn/BTiO2 was investigated...
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Influence of magnetic field on wear in high frequency reciprocatingsliding contacts
PublicationResults of experimental studies concerning the influence of permanent magnetic field on wear of dry sliding contact operating at short stroke and high frequency are presented. It was found that horizontal magnetic field with different orientations relative to the sliding direction is affecting performance of the contact. The increase in frequency of sliding reduces accumulated mass loss and lowers the surface roughness of the wear...
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Zagadnienia tribologiczne w hamulcu silnika hydraulicznego
PublicationPrzedmiotem badań był prototypowy hamulec cierny wielopłytkowy do silnika satelitowego SM-0,6 o teoretycznej objętości roboczej 16,7 cm3/obr. Hamulec ten zbudowany był z 27 tarcz ciernych wykonanych z materiału TOLOX oraz z pakietu sprężyn talerzowych zamontowanych w układzie X. Zablokowanie hamulca następuje w skutek siły docisku pakietu sprężyn talerzowych płytek ciernych co następuje w chwili spadku ciśnienia w komorze tłoka...
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Model obliczania kosztu cyklu życia obiektu na przykładzie budynku mieszkalnego jednorodzinnego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono model obliczania kosztu cyklu życia budynku mieszkalnego jednorodzinnego oraz wskazano możliwości ograniczenia wydatków związanych z jego użytkowaniem w okresie trzydziestu lat. Celem prezentowanej analizy rachunku kosztu cyklu życia jest porównanie i ocena kosztów nabycia i użytkowania domu realizowanego według alternatywnych technologii z uwzględnieniem przyjętych rozwiązań w zakresie pozyskania energii,...
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Slurry Surfacing Mixes on the Basis of Bitumen Modified with Phenol-Cresol-Formaldehyde Resin
PublicationSlow-breaking monophase cationic bitumen emulsions have been produced on the basis of bitumen modified with phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resin (PhCR-F). Bitumen emulsions were used as a binder for thin-layer coatings with slurry surfacing mixes (SSM). Physical and technical parameters of modified and unmodified emulsions were determined and analyzed. The optimal compositions of SSM were selected according to the breaking criterion....
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Feasibility of combined diesel engine - steam turbine in power station operating in the maritime
PublicationCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. Currently, the efficiency of such engines amounts to 45-50%. With such a large power unit, exhaust gases leaving the engine contain very large quantities of heat available for further treatment. Exhaust gases from the piston engine contain about 25% of the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel. Using the...
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Exergy analysis of a negative CO2 emission gas power plant based on water oxy-combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification and CCS
PublicationA power cycle with water-injected oxy-combustion (water cycle) is investigated by exergy analysis. It is fueled with syngas (aka. producer gas) from gasification of sewage sludge. The cycle is equipped with a spray-ejector condenser (SEC). CO2 is separated and compressed for transportation and storage. The net delivered electric power is 31% of the fuel exergy. The task efficiency is 39% when the flue gas bleed to gasification...
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Framework for RIDM within functional safety management process
PublicationThe functional safety management in life cycle is a complex process starting with identifying hazards and defining safety-related functions (SRFs) with risk assessment oriented at determining the safety integrity level. Another element of such life cycle is a verification of required SIL for designed safety-related system which implements safety function. Due to complexity of the problem, to overcome difficulties in safety-related...
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WSPÓŁPRACA BLOKU GAZOWO-PAROWEGO Z OBIEGIEM ORC = Combinded power plant in cooperation with ORC
PublicationIn the paper presented is the idea of a combined gas and steam power plant cooperation with a low temperature organic Rankine cycle ORC unit. Considerations presented in the paper are accomplished for the Gorzów CHP. The intention of present analysis is heat recovery of low temperature energy and its further use in ORC cycle in order to produce electricity, without increase in fuel consumption. Waste energy is recovered from the...
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Development of a spray-ejector condenser for the use in a negative CO2 emission gas power plant
PublicationOne promising solution for developing low-emission power technologies is using gaseous fuel combustion in pure oxygen when the exhaust gas mixture is composed of H2O and CO2, and where CO2 is separated after steam condensation. The paper presents the results of computational analyses providing to the Spray-Ejector Condenser (SEC) development, which is one of the crucial components of the negative CO2 gas power plant (nCO2PP) cycle...
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The innovative experimental rig for wood steam drying at atmospheric pressure
PublicationThe high cost of fossil fuel and soaring consumer interest have encouraged people in the wood industry to look for faster and more energy-efficient methods to dry lumber. The air-steam mixture as medium of drying process was used in a laboratory kiln especially arranged for that reason. Experimental rig is based on automatic control system. At the time of drying measurements of the internal temperature, wood temperature, moisture...
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MICROPROPAGATION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLICS AND FLAVONOIDS CONTENT OF GARDENIA JASMINOIDES ELLIS AS AFFECTED BY GROWTH REGULATORS
PublicationThis investigation has been carried out to study Micropropagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis shootlet,induction and growth of callus and enhancement of antioxidant, total phenolics and flavonoids content in shootlet andcalli. The results revealed that for shooting stage adding 2 or 3 mg/l BAP gave the highest shootlet number/explant. Butadding 3 mg/l 2iP produced the longest shootlet and leaves number. The...
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Enhanced acceptor concentration, proton conductivity, and hydration in multicomponent rare‐earth ortho‐niobates
PublicationThe structural properties of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Eu0.2)1−xCaxNbO4−δ (x = 0–0.05) series have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetry, from which the concentration of proton defects was determined. Additionally, dilatometry studies were carried out, from which the thermal expansion coefficients and the phase transition temperature between low-...
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KOMPOZYTOWY MOST PIESZO - ROWEROWY
PublicationPaper presents the composite foot and cycle bridge developed in FOBRIDGE grant cofinanced by The National Centre for Research and Development and realized by consortium of Gdansk University of Technology (leader), Military University of Technology in Warsaw and ROMA Sp. z o.o. in Toruń. The purpose of the grant was to design a shell type single span foot and cycle bridge made of composite materials, with the assumption of manufacturing...
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Analysis of soundscape recordings in close proximity to the road in changeable wather conditions
PublicationThe acoustic vehicle sensing is the least invasive type of traffic detection. Also, acoustic-based vehicle detection technology is insensitive to precipitation and can operate in low light level. Therefore, this kind of method may be used for automatic detection of the vehicle passage events. It can also be employed for measurements of a vehicle speed and the vehicle assignment to the particular category. In this paper the results...
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Degradation of protective coatings in steel chimneys of flue gas desulfurisation system
PublicationThis paper presents problems associated with corrosion of steel stacks and changes in philosophy of corrosion protection when implemented into flue gas desulphurization systems. In-situ tests were taken by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the stack which discharges flue gas before wet lime/limestone desulphurization. A very quick electrolyte absorption by the spherical infill vinylester coating was found using...
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Design Analysis of Micro Gas Turbines in Closed Cycles
PublicationThe problems faced by designers of micro-turbines are connected with a very small volume flow rate of working media which leads to small blades’ height and high rotor speed. In the case of gas turbines this limitation can be overcome by the application of a closed cycle with very low pressure at the compressor inlet (lower than atmospheric pressure). In this way we may apply a micro gas turbine unit of accepted efficiency to work...
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A stochastic approach for the solution of single and multi – objective optimisation problems of biological processes in sequencing batch reactor
PublicationThis paper investigates the impact of implementing single and multi-optimisation solutions on the biological treatment process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The research is based on a case study of the water resource recovery facility (WRRF) in Swarzewo, Northern Poland. The paper introduces the adaptive extremum seeking control (ESC) method for dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration control and places it in a layered control structure....
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The Dilemmas of Choosing a Suitable Technology for Low Energy and Passive Houses in the Context of their Overheating Issues
PublicationIn compliance with European Union directives, numerous countries are introducing increasingly stricter legal limits on the estimated energy consumption of newly designed residential buildings. However, the fact, that regulations and designers' efforts are focused on decreasing energy consumption (and consequently carbon dioxide emissions) only at the post-occupancy stage, may lead to a significant increase in the carbon footprint...
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The Sustainable Link - the Haze of the Past in the Future
PublicationThe aim of the topic is to explore the site by focusing on historical elements and life cycle thinking. The history and sustainability will thereby be the core approach and method during the ongoing design process. These themes will encourage the interdisciplinary and iterative design process.
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Influence of iron content on water uptake and charge transport in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ triple-conducting oxides
PublicationIn this work, we studied the BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ system which belongs to the triple-conducting oxides (TCOs) group. The electrochemical properties of BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the water uptake was analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG). All investigated materials exhibited water uptake, with proton concentration increasing with decreasing iron content....
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Impact of Cyclist Facility Availability at Work on the Number of Bike Commuters
PublicationThe article describes the results of research designed to establish whether cycle provision can influence the number of employees commuting by bike. To that end, employee surveys were conducted in three IT companies in 2012 and 2016. The questionnaire asked about travel behaviour and what the staff thought about their company’s provision of cyclist facilities. Since 2012 each of the companies has moved its head office and the...
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The use of Acoustic Emission to identification damages bearings the main and crank engines about the automatic ignition
PublicationThe article describes the laboratory tests, which make the first stage of the study concerning the use of the AE method to determine the technical state of the slide bearings in engines with self-ignition. The aim of the present tests was to compare the recorded signals in relation to the technical state of the material of the bearing bush and to check the possibility of using the AE method in determining the transition moment...
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Modelowanie współpracy odbieraka prądu z siecią trakcyjną
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono aspekty oceny współpracy odbieraka prądu z górną siecią trakcyjną na podstawie porównania modeli matematycznych. Zaprezentowano modele odbieraków prądu i sieci jezdnej wskazując na ich użyteczność do oceny siły stykowej i uniesienia przewodów jezdnych. Wykonano szereg symulacji stanów dynamicznych interakcji górnej sieci trakcyjnej i odbieraka prądu dla różnych parametrów. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę...
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Study the impact of design method preference on the usefulness of concrete and on CO2 emissions
PublicationPurpose – The research investigates the impact of concrete design methods on performance, emphasizing environmental sustainability. The study compares the modified Bolomey method and Abrams’ law in designing concretes. Significant differences in cement consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions are revealed. The research advocates for a comprehensive life cycle assessment, considering factors like compressive strength, carbonation...
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Enhancing nitrogen removal in the partial denitrification/anammox processes for SO4− - Rich wastewater treatment: Insights into autotrophic and mixotrophic strategies
PublicationThe investigation of partial denitrification/anammox (PD/anammox) processes was conducted under autotrophic (N–S cycle) and mixotrophic (N–S–C cycle) conditions over 180 days. Key findings revealed the remarkable capability of SO42--dependent systems to produce NO2− effectively, supporting anaerobic NH4+ oxidation. Additionally, SO42− served as an additional electron acceptor in sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation (SRAO). Increasing...
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HIERARCHICAL CYCLES IN MODERN POWER SYSTEMS – EXERGY ANALYSIS UNDER PART LOADS
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to investigate thermodynamic efficiency of advanced hierarchic power cyclesunder partial loads by using of exergy analyze. Advanced hierarchical power systems arecomposed of few energy conversion cycles, most common are steam and gas cycles in various configurations, but they may contain fuel cells, ORC, lithium bromide absorption chillers and others. Moreover hierarchical cycles can be powered by several...
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TIRE/ROAD NOISE AND TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE ON PROTOTYPE PERS SURFACE
PublicationPoroelastic road surfaces are characterized by low noise of tires running on them.Road pavements of this type are promising solution to problems related to traffic noise in cities and on rural roads. Some technical problems still have to be solved, in particular regarding durability and skid resistance on wet surface. Ongoing and planned works are to contribute to create a quiet, durable and safe road surface, which will become...
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Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow's gas turbine by steam injection - thermodynamic overview
PublicationThe impact of steam injection upon a gas turbine and a combined power plant performance has been investigated. This article describes and summarizes possibilities of modification for current gas turbine in PGE Gorzow power plant into the Cheng cycle. Our modification deals with a thermal cycle, in which steam produced in a heat recovery steam generator is injected into the gas turbine's combustion chamber. It has been proved that...
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Kompozytowy most dla pieszych. Badania doświadczalne i przygotowanie do projektowania
PublicationDysertacja powstała w ramach grantu badawczego NCBiR, pt. „Opracowanie kompozytowych przęseł mostów dla pieszych do zastosowania nad drogami GP”, nr PBS1/B2/6/2013. Głównym celem pracy było wsparcie procesu projektowania kompozytowego mostu pieszo-rowerowego. Zakres pracy obejmuje badania doświadczalne elementów kompozytowych GFRP, walidację modeli obliczeniowych oraz wykorzystanie aparatu analizy wrażliwości do procesu projektowego....
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Hat problem on odd cycles
PublicationThe topic is the hat problem in which each of n players is randomly fitted with a blue or red hat. Then everybody can try to guess simultaneously his own hat color by looking at the hat colors of the other players. The team wins if at least one player guesses his hat color correctly, and no one guesses his hat color wrong; otherwise the team loses. The aim is to maximize the probability of a win. In this version every player can...
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Assessment of diversity and composition of bacterial community in Sludge Treatment Reed Bed systems
PublicationDue to their low emission of odours and lack of the need to apply additional chemical agents, sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs) constitute an economically feasible and eco-friendly approach to sewage sludge management. Correctly designed and operated STRBs ensure effective reduction of the dry matter content coupled with the mineralisation of organic compounds. Successful operation of STRBs relies on complex interactions between...
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Dynamic mechanical properties and flexing fatigue resistance of tire sidewall rubber as function of waste tire rubber reclaiming degree
PublicationA stepwise downsizing method of gel particles in reclaimed rubber to a micro-nano scale and its excellent dynamic performance in tire sidewall were introduced by this work. The results showed that the size of gel particles decreased from several micrometers to micro-nanometers with the increase of reclaiming degree, accompanied by reduced molecular weight and widened molecular weight distribution of sol fraction. The addition of...
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Runoff Water
PublicationThis entry summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role of atmospheric pollutants' transport to the surface and transformations of wet deposition on contact with various surfaces. Runoff waters are one of the forms in which precipitation reaches the groundwater and surface water. They are formed when rain or melting snow washes the surfaces of roofs, highways, agricultural areas, or tree canopies. Pollutants present in...
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A Direct Modulation for Matrix Converters based on the Onecycle Atomic operation developed in Verilog HDL.
PublicationThis paper presents a fast direct Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) algorithm for the Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) developed in Verilog Hardware Description language (HDL). All PWM duty cycle calculations are performed in one cycle by an atomic operation designed as a digital module using FPGA basic blocks. The algorithm can be extended to any number of output phase. The improved version of the discontinuous Direct Analytic...
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STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TURBINE CONDENSER AIR EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING HYDRO EJECTORS
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the 18K380 steam turbine condenser air extraction system using hydro ejectors. Motivation for the analysis is a need of improvement of the energy conversion ratio of the power plant. To achieve this goal it is necessary to establish efficiency of each subsystem of the energy cycle. The air extraction system is not a highly power consuming system but it has great impact...
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Operation of reed systems used to stabilization of sewage sludge
PublicationThe aim of this research was to determine the parameters of property operation of reed systems. It was also checked the possibility to use sludge in agriculture for the sake of heavy metal concentrations.The research was conducted in four Danish objects utilized sludge located in Helsinge, Vallo, Rudkobing and Nakskov near Copenhagen.It was found that correct operation of reed basins requires the determination of optimal doses...