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Search results for: WHEAT STRAW · CHEMICAL-TREATED TORREFACTION · ENERGY DENSITY · OPTIMIZATION · RSM
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Nanostructure and dielectric behavior of vanadate glasses containing BaTiO3
PublicationThe ac and dc electrical conductivity of barium titanate doped bismuth-vanadate as-quenched and heat-treated materials was measured in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from 153 K to 423 K with the impedance spectroscopy method. The microstructure was investigated by means of XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy. The obtained results showed...
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Complex multidisciplinary optimization of turbine blading systems
PublicationThe paper describes the methods and results of direct optimization of turbine blading systems using a software package Opti_turb. The final shape of the blading is obtained from minimizing the objective function, which is the total energy loss of the stage, including the leaving energy. The current values of the objective function are found from 3D RANS computations (from a code FlowER) of geometries changed during the process...
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon Part I - concept of the model
PublicationIn this paper, which inaugurates a series of papers on this subject, a concept is proposed of a power system development model with regard to the technological structure of electricity generation in Poland, in the long-term time perspective – until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. The paper presents a brief description of the tool used in the model research. In addition,...
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From polymer waste to potential main industrial products: Actual state of recycling and recovering
Publicationlastics have become widely used materials in everyday life due to their special properties such as durability, easy processing, light-weight and low-cost of production. However, because of their stable and non-biodegradable nature, postconsumer plastics become an issue to the environment. The growing amounts of waste are generated, as plastic products are commonly used only once before disposal. The alternatives of practical techniques...
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Możliwości ograniczenia zużycia energii napędowej urządzeń przez optymalizację doboru wymienników ciepła, właściwą konfigurację i kontrolę przepływu płynów roboczych
PublicationArtykuł poświęcony możliwości ograniczenia zużycia energii napędowej urządzeń na drodze optymalizacji doboru wymienników ciepła, właściwej konfiguracji i kontroli przepływu płynów roboczych. Przedstawiono w nim ocenę zużycia energii w systemach energetycznych o największej energochłonności w realiach Polski. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwość wykorzystania wymienników ciepła o wysokiej efektywności dla zmniejszenia oporu przenoszenia...
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Multi-objective optimization of tool wear, surface roughness, and material removal rate in finishing honing processes using adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems
PublicationHoning processes are usually employed to manufacture combustion engine cylinders and hydraulic cylinders. A crosshatch pattern is obtained that favors the oil flow. In this paper, Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models were obtained for tool wear, average roughness Ra, cylindricity and material removal rate in finish honing processes. In addition, multi-objective optimization with the desirability function method...
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Local material symmetry group for first- and second-order strain gradient fluids
PublicationUsing an unified approach based on the local material symmetry group introduced for general first- and second-order strain gradient elastic media, we analyze the constitutive equations of strain gradient fluids. For the strain gradient medium there exists a strain energy density dependent on first- and higher-order gradients of placement vector, whereas for fluids a strain energy depends on a current mass density and its gradients....
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Non-Coaxially Rotating Motion in Casson Martial along with Temperature and Concentration Gradients via First-Order Chemical Reaction
PublicationThe effect of non-coaxial rotation on the transport of mass subjected to first-order chemical reaction is studied analytically. The effects of thermal radiation, buoyancy, constructive and destructive chemical reactions along with Casson fluid in rotating frame are discussed. Time evolution of primary and secondary velocities, energy and solute particles are analyzed. The behavior of flow under the variation of intensity of magnetic...
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Studies of Nonlinear Sound Dynamics in Fluids Based on the Caloric Equation of State
PublicationThe sound speed and parameters of nonlinearity B/A, C/A in a fluid are expressed in terms of coefficients in the Taylor series expansion of an excess internal energy, in powers of excess pressure and density. That allows to conclude about features of the sound propagation in fluids, the internal energy of which is known as a function of pressure and density. The sound speed and parameters of nonlinearity in the mixture consisting...
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Chemical, thermal and laser processes in recycling of photovoltaic silicon solar cells and modules
PublicationIn recent years, photovoltaic power generation systems have been gaining unprecedented attention as an environmentally beneficial method to solve the energy problem. From the economic point of view the pure silicon, which can be recapture from the used cells, is the most important material due to its cost and shortage. In the paper selected methods of used or damaged module and cells recycling and experimental results are presented....
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Chaotic Dynamics and Bifurcations in Impact Systems
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Diaryl Sulfide Derivatives as Potential Iron Corrosion Inhibitors: A Computational Study
PublicationThe present work aimed to assess six diaryl sulfide derivatives as potential corrosion inhibitors. These derivatives were compared with dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), a common leprosy antibiotic that has been shown to resist the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media with a corrosion efficiency exceeding 90%. Since all the studied compounds possess a common molecular backbone (diphenyl sulfide), dapsone was taken as the...
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Assessment of the Feasibility of Energy Transformation Processes in European Union Member States
PublicationThe energy transition is now treated in most countries as a necessary condition for their long-term development. The process of energy transformation assumes the simultaneous implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, which are a major challenge for modern economies and introduce significant restrictions in their functioning. Our study aims to group EU member states according to their ability to achieve energy transition...
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Surface Treatment of Rubber Waste
PublicationThis chapter deals with the study of different approaches to improve the compatibility of waste rubber with polymeric matrixes of high density polyethylene (HDPE) by using surface treatments to increase adhesion. Different surface treatments such as etching with sulphuric and nitric acids, the use of a silane as a coupling agent and chlorination with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) have been applied. The modification of waste rubber...
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Low-Power WSN System for Honey Bee Monitoring
PublicationThe paper presents a universal low-power system for biosensory data acquisition in scope of bees monitoring. We describe the architecture of the system, energy-saving components as well as we discuss the selection of used sensors. The work focuses on energy optimization in a scope of wireless communication. A custom protocol was implemented, which is the basis for presented energy-efficient devices. Data exchange process during...
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Effects of n-butanol presence, inlet loading, empty bed residence time and starvation periods on the performance of a biotrickling filter removing cyclohexane vapors from air
PublicationThis paper presents the results of investigations on the removal of cyclohexane vapors from air using a peat-perlite packed biotrickling filter. Effects of basic process parameters i.e. IL (inlet loading) and EBRT (empty bed residence time) as well as introduction of n-butanol to the treated air stream and starvation periods on the process performance were evaluated. The results show that the introduction of hydrophilic n-butanol...
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Easy formation of acyl-Meldrum's acid anhydride
PublicationAcyl Meldrum's acid are usually a good source of ketenes upon definite thermal composition. However we treated acyl-Meldrum's acid with the Lewis acid and we observed formation of 5[[(2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan 5 ylidene)(acyl/arylamino)mathoxy](acyl/arylamino)methylene]-2,2dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6 dione which means acyl-Meldrum's acid anhydride. The chemical properities of acyl-Meldrum's acid anhydride were explored.
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The study on application of biopolyols obtained by cellulose biomass liquefaction performed with crude glycerol for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane foams
PublicationIn this work rigid polyurethane foams (PUR) were obtained by replacement of 0–70 wt% of petrochemical polyol with bio-polyol obtained via cellulose liquefaction in presence of crude glycerol. The foams with different content of a bio-polyol were prepared by single step method for NCO/OH ratio equals 1.5. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability and basic physical and...
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Losses and power balance in hydraulic satellite motor supplied with oil and HFA-E emulsion
PublicationMineral oil and HFA-E emulsion are liquids which differ in viscosity, density and lubricant properties. Therefore, supplying hydraulic satellite motor with these liquids, differences between quantity of hydraulic, volumetric and mechanical losses are observed. These losses influence efficiency of conversion of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and thereby power balance of motor. The research of satellite motor has been conducted...
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Selection of energy storage units by genetic algorithm for mitigating voltage deviations
PublicationIn recent years, energy storage units have become very popular. They are applied both for economic and technical purposes. Unfortunately, the cost of such devices is still high and selecting their proper location and rated power have to be performed precisely. In this paper, a Genetic-Algorithm-based optimization method for selecting the best configuration of energy storage units in the power network is proposed. The presented...
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Chemically Selective Alternatives to Photoferroelectrics for Polarization-Enhanced Photocatalysis: The Untapped Potential of Hybrid Inorganic Nanotubes
PublicationLinear-scaling density functional theory simulation of methylated imogolite nanotubes (NTs) elucidates the interplay between wall-polarization, bands separation, charge-transfer excitation, and tunable electrostatics inside and outside the NT-cavity. The results suggest that integration of polarization-enhanced selective photocatalysis and chemical separation into one overall dipole-free material should be possible.
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On the peculiarities of anti-plane surface waves propagation for media with microstructured coating
PublicationWe discuss new type of surface waves which exist in elastic media with surface energy. Here we present the model of a coating made of polymeric brush. From the physical point of view the considered model of surface elasticity describes a highly anisotropic surface coating. Here the surface energy model could be treated as 2D reduced strain gradient continuum as surface strain energy depends on few second spatial derivatives of...
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Tailoring properties of reduced graphene oxide by oxygen plasma treatment
PublicationWe report an easily controllable, eco-friendly method for tailoring the properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by means of oxygen plasma. The effect of oxygen plasma treatment time (1, 5 and 10 minutes) on the surface properties of rGO was evaluated. Physicochemical characterization using microscopic, spectroscopic and thermal techniques was performed. The results revealed that different oxygen-containing groups (e.g. carboxyl,...
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Topology, Size, and Shape Optimization in Civil Engineering Structures: A Review
PublicationThe optimization of civil engineering structures is critical for enhancing structural performance and material efficiency in engineering applications. Structural optimization approaches seek to determine the optimal design, by considering material performance, cost, and structural safety. The design approaches aim to reduce the built environment’s energy use and carbon emissions. This comprehensive review examines optimization...
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Application of mechanistic and data-driven models for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems
PublicationIn this dissertation, the application of mechanistic and data-driven models in nitrogen removal systems including nitrification and deammonification processes was evaluated. In particular, the influential parameters on the activity of the Nitrospira activity were assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). Various long-term biomass washout experiments were operated in two parallel sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a different...
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Hydrogen Production from Energy Poplar Preceded by MEA Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
PublicationThe need to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass prior to dark fermentation results primarily from the composition of lignocellulose because lignin hinders the processing of hard wood towards useful products. Hence, in this work a two-step approach for the pre-treatment of energy poplar, including alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic saccharification followed by fermentation has been studied. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as the...
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Local Dye Concentration and Spectroscopic Properties of Monomer−Aggregate Systems in Hybrid Porous Nanolayers
PublicationAnalysis of absorption, fluorescence, and time-resolved emission spectra of rhodamine 6G in hybrid porous nanolayers at high dye concentration allowed identification of two fluorescent species: monomers and fluorescent aggregates. The method of determination of mean local concentration of aggregates in matrices is proposed based on the energy transfer process between monomers and fluorescent aggregates. Evaluation of aggregate...
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On the crack front curvature in bonded joints
PublicationStandard tests of adhesively bonded specimens are likely to produce heterogeneous stress distribution along the crack front and its vicinity. High separation rate mode I dominated fracture test is performed.Observation of post mortem fractured surfaces with an optical microscope reveals characteristic features of mixed mode I/III fracture near the sides of the specimen but not in the middle. At first, finite elements calculations...
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Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
PublicationThe rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative...
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Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
PublicationThe rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative...
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Effect of kenaf fibre modification on morphology and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane materials
PublicationThe presented study examined the morphology and mechanical properties of biocomposites obtained from kenaf natural fibre and thermoplastic polyurethane. Kenaf was modified using various methods, namely: acetylation, blocked isocyanate, maleic anhydride and permanganate treatment. Those methods and ways of carrying out of surface modifications were not studied before on kenaf/thermoplastic polyurethane composites. Different fibre...
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Reliability and efficiency of pollution removal during long-term operation of a one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a study of the reliability and efficiency of pollutant removal during long term operation of a one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow. The flow rate of the wastewater treatment plant was 1.2 m3·d-1 during the research period. Physical and chemical analyses of raw wastewater and treated effluent were carried out in the years 1997–2010 (14 years). During this study period, 56 series...
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From flow to jamming: Lattice Gas Automaton simulations in granular materials
PublicationWe introduce the first extension of a Lattice Gas Automaton (LGA) model to accurately replicate observed emergent phenomena in granular materials with a special focus on previously unexplored jamming transitions by incorporating gravitational effects, energy dissipation in particle collisions, and wall friction. We successfully reproduce flow rate evolution, density wave formation, and jamming transition observed in experiments....
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Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review
PublicationThe following paper presents an overview of methods for improving the storage stability at high temperature of rubber modified bitumen. The storage stability of the rubber modified bitumen can be improved by using a various types of modifiers that form the bonds between the components of these binders. The increase in stability can also be achieved by using crumbrubber surface-activated by furaldehyde or ground tire rubber (GTR)...
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3D porous graphene-based structures- synthesis and applications
PublicationPorous carbon-based materials are of the great industrial and academic interest due to their high surface area, low density, good electrical conductivity, chemical inertness and low cost of fabrication. Up to now, the main approach to obtain porous carbon structures has involved the pyrolysis of carbonaceous natural or synthetic precursors. After the isolation of graphene, the interest in 3D porous graphene-based structures (called...
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At what temperature should the tire rolling resistance be measured?
PublicationThe climate crisis is already an indisputable fact and therefore, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption, and especially energy wasting. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption of motor vehicles is to decrease vehicle movement resistance, including rolling resistance. In order for the optimization of tire rolling resistance to be efficient, it is necessary to apply appropriate optimization criteria that are closely related...
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Application of chemometric modeling for ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: Analysis of fosetyl-aluminum in fruit and vegetable samples
PublicationThis manuscript presents a new method for selective extraction and determination of fosetyl-aluminum in fruits and vegetable samples based on ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using ionic liquids (IL-UA-DLLME). A UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used for detection and quantification. Plants used for sample collection were grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Central composite design...
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STEROWNIK MIKROSIECI ELEKTROENERGETYCZNEJ
PublicationW artykule rozpatruje się konstrukcję sterownika mikrosieci elektroenergetycznej. Sterownik zarządza zasobamienergii elektrycznej w celu pokrycia zapotrzebowania lokalnych gospodarstw domowych z uwzględnieniem kwestii ekonomicznych. Przedstawiono strukturę sterowania, zdefiniowano zadanie optymalizacji, dokonano badań symulacyjnych dla przykładowej mikrosieci o zróżnicowanych sposobach generowania i magazynowania. Zaproponowano...
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Method of identification of the slide tribological system top layer condition by assessment of the t-02 four-ball tester friction node operation
Publicationa method is proposed of the assessment of t-02 four-ball tester friction node operation during extreme unit loads on the tribological system for identification of the top layer condition in that system lubricated with the tested lubricating oil. by identification of the friction node with a thermodynamic system, that operation is treated as an energy generating process of the created servo-layer structure. the friction node operation...
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Determination of Local Dye Concentration in Hybrid Porous Silica Thin Films
PublicationThe idea of determination of local dye concentration in a nanoporous matrix is proposed based on donor − acceptor energy transfer. The method was tested for a Rhodamine 110 − Rhodamine 101 system in silica and methylated silica nanolayers. Evaluation of acceptor (Rhodamine 101) local concentration was carried out by comparing the results of Monte Carlo simulation of energy transfer from donor (Rhodamine 110) to acceptor (Rhodamine...
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Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over the European Sector During the Geomagnetic Storm on March 23–24, 2023: Energy Deposition in the Source Regions and the Propagation Characteristics
PublicationMultiple Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) are observed in the European sector in both day-time and night-time during the magnetic storm on March 23–24, 2023. The Total Electron Content (TEC) observation from a network of GNSS receivers shows the propagation of LSTIDs with amplitudes between around 0.5 and 1 TECU originating from auroral and polar cusp regions down to southern Europe (35°N) with velocities...
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Assessment of protective properties of rubber lining in absorbers of flue gas desulphurization systems.
PublicationResults of research on degradation of rubber lining which is the main protection of absorbers in flue gas desulphurization (FGD) systems were presented. The power plant where the system operated is lignite-fired. Owing to measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric determination of water content in the lining, the areas of the system which are most exposed to degradation were shown. The results obtained...
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Electronic structure of intertwined kagome, honeycomb, and triangular sublattices of the intermetallics MCo2Al9 ( M = Sr, Ba)
PublicationIntermetallics are an important playground to stabilize a large variety of physical phenomena, arising from their complex crystal structure. The ease of their chemical tunabilty makes them suitable platforms to realize targeted electronic properties starting from the symmetries hidden in their unit cell. Here, we investigate the family of the recently discovered intermetallics MCo2Al9 (M=Sr, Ba) and we unveil their electronic structure....
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Optimizing the parameters of a small standalone hybrid power system
PublicationA hybrid power plant consists of renewable energy resources, an energy storage, a discharge load and an emergency power supply. Power plant parameters are tailored to meet the requirements of continuity of supply, cost minimization, return on investment period and system capacity utilization. The papaer presents the methodology for selecting power plant parameters with a larger number of decision criteria. The task is solved...
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Physical Chemistry_GTM_20_21_winter
e-Learning CoursesThe aim of the subject is to familarize the student with fundamental physico-chemical laws in chemical thermodynamics, phase equilibria and chemical equilibria together with ability of solving relevant text problems involving calculations, as well as teachnig him/her effective and safe carrying out simple experiments/measurements of physico-chemical quantities and proper presentation and interpretation of their results. LECTURES Chemical...
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Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland
PublicationPrzedstawiono sytuacje energetyczną kraju. Omówiono poszczególne sektory wytwarzania energii oraz zapotrzebowania na energię i paliwa. Omówiono przekształcenia sektorów energetycznych w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 1990-2002. Na tym tle przedstawiono techniczne, ekonomiczne, społeczne i prawne aspekty rozwoju energetyki źródeł odnawialnych a w szczególności opartych o bioenergię. Przedstawiono wnioski dla Polski płynące z dotychczasowych...
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Sustainable energy system combined biogas-feedSolid Oxide Fuel Cell and Microalgae technology
PublicationIn the new frontier of energy and environmental safety, new efficient and clean safe energy conversion systems are required. In this sense, the present work is framed within the context of Circular Economy and proposes a multidisciplinary study for the development of more efficient, economically viable and non-polluting energy conversion systems, based on the synergetic combination of different technologies: fuel cells, biofuels,...
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Dynamics of Chains as a Tool to Study Thermomechanical Properties of Proteins.
PublicationPolymer dynamics can be formulated on different levels of detail. One approach eliminates microscopic degrees of freedom and a polymer molecule is represented by a simplified structure—a chain. In the simplest case monomers of ideal chain have fixed length, and their orientation is independent of the orientations and positions of neighbouring monomers. This is reason that two monomers can co-exist at the same place. Ideal chain...
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Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis
PublicationThe issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming the key area of interest. By improving of driving techniques and the implementation of eco-driving, it is possible to save electric energy. Systems that help to decrease energy consumption and to reduce fuel emissions are becoming popular in vehicles powered by diesel engines. However, these methods have not yet gained popularity in electric vehicles. Therefore,...
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Nucleation and growth of CVD diamond on fused silica optical fibres with titanium dioxide interlayer
PublicationNucleation and growth processes of thin diamond films on fused silica optical fibres have been investigated. Fibres were coated with diamond film using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (µPE CVD) system. Since the growth of diamond on the fused silica glass requires high seeding density, two types of glass pre-treatment were applied: titanium dioxide (TiO2) interlayer deposition and sonication in nanodiamond...