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Search results for: LANDFILL BIOGAS
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Contrasting effects of operating conditions and biomass particle size on bulk characteristics and surface chemistry of rice husk derived-biochars
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Combustion characteristics and retention-emission of selenium during co-firing of torrefied biomass and its blends with high ash coal
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Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode
PublicationConventional fossil fuels are being substituted with alternative green fuels because of their greenhouse gas emissions and pollution problems, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Several studies have reported the usage of biodiesel and gaseous fuels in both single and dual-fuel modes. Gaseous fuels such as producer gas, biogas, syngas, and hydrogen produced from renewable biomass could potentially be used along with...
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Odour Perception Using a Sniffing Team at a Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plant: A Case Study
PublicationThe monitoring of odour intensity, generated by a landfill area, is a difficult activity since it is a multi-source problem with discontinuous odour emissions. A modified sniffing team method is described here and applied to determine the main odour sources in a landfill located in Pomerania, Poland. Four consecutive test sessions were performed during the following months: August, December, April, and June. It was found that the...
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The Application of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Indication of Directions of the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Energy Policy
PublicationThis paper presents the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for evaluating what technologies using renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity production have the chance to develop in Poland under the current socio-economic conditions. First, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the weights of the optimization criteria. Five main criteria and 30 sub-criteria were identified. Next,...
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Bias-Dependent Dynamics of Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Solar Cells
PublicationDegradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is often found to be partially or fully reversible when the cells are allowed to recover in the dark. Unlike the dynamics of degradation, knowledge about the dynamics of PSC cell recovery is very limited. Here, we demonstrate that the PSC recovery strongly depends on the electrical bias conditions during the light-induced degradation and that it can be manipulated by applying an external...
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APPLICATION OF ULTRAFAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TO RECOGNIZE ODOR NUISANCE
PublicationPotentialities of ultrafast gas chromatography applied to periodical monitoring of odor nuisance originating from a municipal landfill have been examined. The results of investigation on classification of the atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of the landfill during winter and summer season have been presented. The investigation was performed using ultrafast gas chromatography of Fast/Flash GC type HERACLES II by Alpha...
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Hostility bias or sadness bias in excluded individuals: Does anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of right VLPFC vs. left DLPFC have a mitigating effect?
PublicationExclusion has multiple adverse effects on individual’s well-being. It induces anger and hostile cognitions leading to aggressive behavior. The purpose of this study was to test whether exclusion would affect recognition of anger on ambivalent faces of the excluders. We hypothesized that exclusion would elicit more anger encoding (hostility bias) than inclusion, but this effect would be mitigated by anodal tDCS of right VLPFC...
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Microwave plasma treatment of simulated biomass syngas: Interactions between the permanent syngas compounds and their influence on the model tar compound conversion
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Analiza konwencjonalnych nośników energii z biomasą do celów grzewczych. Cz. 1. Charakterystyka problemu oraz metodyka badań
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono istotę problemu zastosowania konwencjonalnych źródeł energii (węgla kamiennego, gazu ziemnego, oleju opałowego oraz energii elektrycznej pozyskiwanej z krajowego systemu elektroenergetycznego – KSE) w odniesieniu do odnawialnego źródła energii – OZE (jakie stanowi biomasa). Przedstawiona w artykule metodyka stanowi podstawę ilościowej realizacji analizy ekonomicznej i ekologicznej ww. nośników energii,...
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New insights into modeling two-step nitrification in activated sludge systems – The effects of initial biomass concentrations, comammox and heterotrophic activities
PublicationIn this study, the conventional two-step nitrification model was extended with complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) and heterotrophic denitrification on soluble microbial products. The data for model calibration/validation were collected at four long-term washout experiments when the solid retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were progressively reduced from 4 d to 1 d, with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)...
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Characterization of Highly Filled Glass Fiber/Carbon Fiber Polyurethane Composites with the Addition of Bio-Polyol Obtained through Biomass Liquefaction
PublicationThis work aims to investigate the process of obtaining highly filled glass and carbon fiber composites. Composites were manufactured using previously obtained cellulose derived polyol, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). As a catalyst, dibutyltin dilaurate 95% and Dabco® 33-LV were used. It was found that the addition of carbon and glass fibers into the polymer matrix causes an increase in the mechanical properties...
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Systematic investigation on combustion characteristics and emission-reduction mechanism of potentially toxic elements in biomass- and biochar-coal co-combustion systems
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Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
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Overcoming gender bias in the digital economy. Empirical evidence for European countries
PublicationThis study aims to contribute to understanding the gender biases that emerge in the digital technology-related field. More specifically we concentrate on examining whether gender gaps are diminishing or are persistent in terms of women’s enrollment in technology-related programs at the tertiary level of education and for female STEM graduates. Next, this evidence is confronted with gender biases in the labor market regarding changing...
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Biomass estimation using a length-weight relationship in beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae) obtained from cow dung
PublicationThis research enabled the relationship between length and dry body mass to be determined for 158 beetle larvaetaken from cow dung in north-eastern Poland. The larvae were divided into three morphological types, for which the power and linear function of the body length-weight relationship were determined. The linear regression equation characterizes the relationship between body weight and...
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Synthesis and application of biomass-derived magnetic biochar catalyst for simultaneous esterification and trans-esterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel: modeling and optimization
PublicationThis work created, characterized, and used a magnetic biochar catalyst that is both eco-friendly and very effective. Sugarcane bagasse was selected as primary raw material for catalyst preparation, because it is renewable and ecofriendly biomass. Cata- lyst created by doping sugarcane bagasse biochar with magnetic material in the form of (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O). Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy...
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Towards sustainable catalyst-free biomass-based polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC): From valorization and liquefaction to future generation of biocomposites
PublicationA substantial aspect of materials engineering lies in the responsible process of designing polymer-based materials. Due to environmental pollution, excessive consumption of natural resources, and increasing environmental awareness of society, there is a massive need for polyurethane (PU) materials with reduced environmental impact. To date, research on catalyst-free polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) has demonstrated a huge potential...
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Wykorzystanie biomasy jako surowca energetycznego. W: Termodynamicne przet- wórstwo węgla i biomasy. Red. M. Ściążko, H. Zieliński. Zabrze: Ins. Chem. Przeróbki Węgla, Ins. Gosp. Surowcami Mineral. i Energią PAN**2003 s. 39-51 3 rys. bibliogr. 29 poz.
PublicationOmawia się zasoby energetyczne dotyczace biomasy w Polsce. Największe zasobyto słoma, drewno i odpady organiczne. Wskazuje się na istniejące w Polsceobiekty demonstracyjne o dużym potencjale replikacyjnym.
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Application of vertical flow cw for highly contaminated wastewater treatment
PublicationBasing on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of reject waters generated during digested sewage sludge dewatering on centrifuges in conventional WWTP (RWC) and municipal landfill leachate (LL), the pilot constructed wetlands for treatment of both types of highly contaminated wastewater were designed. In the paper the characteristics of the pilot plants and assumed treatment efficiencies are presented. According to the...
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A modern solid waste management strategy – the generation of new by-products
PublicationTo benefit the environment and society, EU legislation has introduced a ‘zero waste’ strategy, in which waste material should be converted to resources. Such legislation is supported by the solid waste hierarchy concept, which is a set of priorities in waste management. Under this concept, municipal solid waste plants (MSWPs) should be equipped with sorting and recycling facilities, composting/incineration units and landfill prisms...
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Modelling of SO2 and NOx Emissions from Coal and Biomass Combustion in Air-Firing, Oxyfuel, iG-CLC, and CLOU Conditions by Fuzzy Logic Approach
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Kapilarna chromatografia gazowa fazy nad-powierzchniowej – HS-CGC w badaniach składu lotnych produktów hydrolizy biomasy ligno-celulozowej – BMLC
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono sposoby obróbki biomasy ligno-celulozowej, których celem jest rozpulchnienie struktury surowca i zwiększenie dostępności struktur dla czynników hydrolizujących. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury wskazano na możliwe do zidentyfikowania związki obecne w hydrolizatach z biomasy ligno-celulozowej. Opracowano metodykę oraz zbadano możliwość oznaczania lotnych produktów hydrolizy chemicznej z wykorzystaniem techniki...
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Enhancement of PUR/PIR foam thermal stability after addition of Zostera marina biomass component investigated via thermal analysis and isoconversional kinetics
PublicationIn the present work, a thorough thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of bio-based polyurethane–polyisocyanurate (PUR–PIR) foams in both nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere is performed. A sustainable element of the foam is a biopolyol obtained via acid-catalyzed liquefaction of Zostera marina and Enteromorpha Algae biomass. Based on isoconversional analysis and apparent activation energies, several conclusions are obtained. In contradiction...
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Wpływ kofermentacji odpadów rolno-spożywczych z osadami ściekowymi na produkcję biogazu oraz na skład frakcji ciekłej osadu przefermentowanego
PublicationSamowystarczalność energetyczna jest aktualnym trendem w oczyszczalniach ścieków. Efekt ten można osiągnąć poprzez zwiększenie produkcji energii elektrycznej z biogazu oraz poprzez zmniejszenie zużycia energii na potrzeby procesów technologicznych. Jednym z pomysłów, zgodnym z koncepcją gospodarki cyrkularnej, jest wykorzystanie odpadów bogatych w materię organiczną jako kosubstratów w procesie fermentacji. Celem pracy było określenie...
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Badanie parametrów wewnętrznego reformingu biogazu w tlenkowych ogniwach paliwowych z anodowymi warstwami katalitycznymi Ce0,9Pr0,1O2-δ i Ce0,9Sm0,1O2-δ
PublicationOgniwa paliwowe są obiecującą alternatywą dla energetyki opartej na paliwach kopalnych. Tlenkowe ogniwo paliwowe to urządzenie elektrochemiczne, które pozwala na bezpośrednie przetwarzanie energii chemicznej paliwa na energię stałego prądu elektrycznego. Standardowo wykorzystywanym paliwem jest wodór, który podczas utleniania nie wytwarza zanieczyszczeń, a produktami reakcji są woda i ciepło. Jednakże składowanie i transport czystego...
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Będąc dla Boga - być dla innych. O Johnie Henrym Newmanie
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Exchange Bias in the [CoO/Co/Pd]10 Antidot Large Area Arrays
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Gender as a Moderator of the Double Bias of Mistakes – Knowledge Culture and Knowledge Sharing Effects
PublicationThere is no learning without mistakes. The essence of the double bias of mistakes is the contradiction between an often-declared positive attitude towards learning from mistakes, and negative experiences when mistakes occur. Financial and personal consequences, shame, and blame force desperate employees to hide their mistakes. These adverse outcomes are doubled in organizations by the common belief that managers never make mistakes,...
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Application of a stochastic compartmental model to approach the spread of environmental events with climatic bias
PublicationWildfires have significant impacts on both environment and economy, so understanding their behaviour is crucial for the planning and allocation of firefighting resources. Since forest fire management is of great concern, there has been an increasing demand for computationally efficient and accurate prediction models. In order to address this challenge, this work proposes applying a parameterised stochastic model to study the propagation...
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''Jak szybko biega współczesny Filipiades?'' czyli o prawie łączności elektronicznej w europejskim modelu społeczeństwa informacyjnego
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Identification of novel halogenated naturally occurring compounds in marine biota by high-resolution mass spectrometry and combined screening approaches
PublicationMarine animals, plants or bacteria are a source of bioactive naturally-occurring halogenated compounds (NHCs) such as bromophenols (BPs), bromoanisoles (BAs) and hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (HO-PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs) and bromobiphenyls (HO-BBs, MeO-BBs). This study applied a comprehensive screening approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and combining target,...
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Small wood waste fired combined heat and power plant. Possible use of wood biomass for the generation of electric and heat energy as an alternative to fossil fuels
PublicationThis article discusses the possibility of burning wood biomass instead of fossil fuels in boilers. It describes the properties of wood biomass, including the variation of its calorific value depending on the moisture content of wood. The article proposes several variants of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) system burning wood biomass for the generation of electric and heat energy, using the energy contained in exhaust gases...
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Ionic Liquid Assisted Dissolution of Dissolved Organic Matter and PAHs from Soil Below the Critical Micelle Concentration
PublicationIncreased use and production of ionic liquids (ILs) may result in emissions into the environment. Particularly vulnerable are industrial areas and landfills where ILs are utilized and ultimately disposed of. This study investigates how IL contamination can affect soil properties and the sorption of pre-existing contaminants. The commonly used IL 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium chloride ([OMIM][Cl]) was added at various quantities...
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Fermentacja metanowa kapusty białej oraz osadu nadmiernego
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań fermentacji metanowej biomasy kapusty białej i osadu nadmiernego pobranego z oczyszczalni ścieków Saur Neptun Gdańsk S.A. Proces fermentacji prowadzono w warunkach mokrych, w sposób quaziciągły, w temperaturze 37°C. Zaobserwowano, że poddając fermentacji beztlenowej wsad zawierający kapustę białą oraz osad nadmierny można uzyskać biogaz o średnim składzie 50% metanu i 50% ditlenku węgla. Podczas...
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TOWARDS EXPLAINABLE CLASSIFIERS USING THE COUNTERFACTUAL APPROACH - GLOBAL EXPLANATIONS FOR DISCOVERING BIAS IN DATA
PublicationThe paper proposes summarized attribution-based post-hoc explanations for the detection and identification of bias in data. A global explanation is proposed, and a step-by-step framework on how to detect and test bias is introduced. Since removing unwanted bias is often a complicated and tremendous task, it is automatically inserted, instead. Then, the bias is evaluated with the proposed counterfactual approach. The obtained results...
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An Adaptive Network Model for a Double Bias Perspective on Learning from Mistakes within Organizations
PublicationAlthough making mistakes is a crucial part of learning, it is still often being avoided in companies as it is considered as a shameful incident. This goes hand in hand with a mindset of a boss who dominantly believes that mistakes usually have negative consequences and therefore avoids them by only accepting simple tasks. Thus, there is no mechanism to learn from mistakes. Employees working for and being influenced by such a boss...
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Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis as a tool for monitoring methanogenic archaea changes in an anaerobic digester
PublicationThe applicability of a newly-designed PCR primer pair in examination of methanogenic Archaea in a digester treating plant biomass was evaluated by Ribosmal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA). To find a suitable approach, three variants of RISA were tested: (1) standard, polyacrylamide gel-based, (2) automated, utilized capillary electrophoresis (GA-ARISA), and (3) automated microfluidics-based (MF-ARISA). All three techniques yielded...
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Katalizatory reakcji elektrochemicznych w tlenkowych ogniwach paliwowych zasilanych biogazem
PublicationJednym z potencjalnych obszarów zastosowań tlenkowych ogniw paliwowych jest energetyka rozproszona, gdzie paliwem mógłby biogaz pochodzący z oczyszczalni ścieków, wysypisk, gospodarstw rolnych. Obecnie stosowane na skalę komercyjną rozwiązania technologiczne uniemożliwiają wykorzystanie paliwa w postaci biogazu m.in. ze względu na niską odporność anody na osadzanie węgla oraz niewystarczającą aktywność katalityczną dla elektrochemicznego...
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Balancing Energy Inputs/Outputs and GHG Emissions for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment – a Case Study
PublicationThe aim of the study is a model-based evaluation of the selected operating modes and technological upgrades on the energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a large wastewater treatment plant in the city of Slupsk (northern Poland). The considered scenarios focus on energy savings for aeration, increasing energy recovery via biogas cogeneration and reduction of the CO2 equivalent emission from both direct processes (related...
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Determination of SCFAs in water using GC-FID. Selection of the separation system
PublicationIn the present study, an analytical procedure was developed for the determination of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater employing injection of aqueous samples to gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Chromatographic conditions such as a separation system, injection volume, oven temperature program were investigated and selected. With two columns, one with a polar (polyethylene...
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WPŁYW FRAKCJI C IEKŁEJ POFERMENTU NA PROCES MEZOFILOWEJ FERMENTACJI METANOWEJ
PublicationBadano wpływ zawrotu frakcji ciekłej pofermentu na przebieg procesu fermentacji mezofilowej w bioreaktorach laboratoryjnych o pojemności całkowitej 10 dm3 w procesie quasi-ciągłym. Ba-dania prowadzono jednocześnie w dwu bliźniaczych reaktorach, z których pierwszy (R1) pełnił rolę układu referencyjnego a do drugiego (R2) podawano biomasę zawierającą frakcję ciekłą pofermentu. W trakcie prowadzonych badań nie zauważono istotnego...
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublicationThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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Zaawansowane utlenianie odcieków składowiskowych - przegląd metod
PublicationPrzedstawiono rozwiązania unieszkodliwiania odcieków składowiskowych metodami zaawansowanego utleniania, takimi jak: reakcja Fentona, utlenienie ozonem i nadtlenkiem wodoru, utlenienie elektrochemiczne, utlenienie w warunkach nadkrytycznych oraz mokre utlenienie powietrzem. Podstawy teoretyczne tych metod, ich efektywność oraz stosowane reagenty. Uwarunkowania stosowania poszczególnych metod.
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Ranking of Generation Source Locations by a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Method
PublicationThe paper presents a ranking of the locations of eight renewable energy sources (RES) made using a hybrid multi-criteria analysis method. The method is a combination of the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method and numerical taxonomy. The considered generating sources, i.e. solar plants, biogas plants, and wind farms are sources that will significantly contribute to implementing the provisions of the energy and climate package...
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Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan
PublicationMismatch between energy demand and supply from last two decades has been increasing because of the domination of expensive imported oil in energy mix of Pakistan. To import crude oil Government paid US $ 9 billion in 2008–2009 to meet the energy demands...
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Procesy i efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń z odcieków ze składowisk odpadów komunalnych w oczyszczalniach hydrofitowych
PublicationOczyszczanie odcieków z SOK jest jednym z najbardziej istotnych problemów ekologicznych na świecie. Odprowadzenie odcieków do oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych jest przeważnie niemożliwe, ze względu na ich zmienną ilość oraz skład, bardzo wysokie stężenia ChZT i azotu amonowego, a także obecność trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych (TZO) oraz metali ciężkich. Najlepszym rozwiązaniem jest oczyszczanie wód odciekowych na terenie składowiska....
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Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems
PublicationThe use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating...
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Analiza techniczno-ekonomiczna współspalania różnych rodzajów paliw w bloku energetycznym dużej mocy
PublicationPrzeanalizowano możliwości współspalania różnych rodzajów paliw w bloku energetycznym elektrowni cieplnej dużej mocy. Rozważono blok wyposażony w kocioł fluidalny ze złożem cyrkulacyjnym, jak również kocioł opalany biomasą oraz zespół z turbozespołem gazowym. Rozpatrzono wpływ udziału biomasy w łącznej ilości zużywanego paliwa, a także wpływ zastosowania zespołu z turbiną gazową na wskaźniki techniczno-ekonomiczne bloku energetycznego....
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Badania potencjału energetycznego pozostałości poprodukcyjnej z hodowli boczniaka
PublicationNiniejsze opracowanie dotyczy badań potencjału energetycznego biomasy, obecnie trzeciego co do wielkości naturalnego źródła energii na świecie. Energia zawarta w biomasie jest najmniej kapitałochłonnym źródłem energii odnawialnej. Jej pozyskiwanie nie wiąże się z wprowadzaniem zanieczyszczeń do środowiska, przy okazji istnieje możliwość pozbycia się kłopotliwych odpadów poprodukcyjnych. Jednak pozyskiwanie energii z biogazu jest...