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Search results for: gelatin
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Analyzing the Geometry of the Turnouts and Their Adjustment Basing on the Tacheometer Measurements
PublicationThe article presents the results of tacheometric measurements of a station throat, as well as the method of data preparation and analysis. The calculations covered the verification of the geometry and the location of railway turnouts and crossings. The analyses were performed for the selected parameters of the turnout geometry, including their lengths and track gauge in main sections. In addition, the data were analyzed to confirm...
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS FLOW EXTRACTION ON THE CHANGE OF PARAMETERS IN A LABYRINTH SEAL USING THE STODOLA METHOD
PublicationLabyrinth seals are an important element of a steam turbine set design. The use of diagnostic extraction makes it possible to control the operation of a seal by providing information on the thermodynamic parameters along the length of the seal. Diagnostic extraction has a considerable impact on the change of the parameters, the amount of the extracted mass. This article describes the dependence of pressure in the clearance downstream...
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Forecasted climate changes and their influence on cities and regions in 2050 in terms of extreme hydrological events
PublicationGlobal climate change is a problem which arises numerous theories and uncertainties, especially in terms of speculated human impact. Independent from the fact, what is the main driver for the changes, some of the climate shifts are visible already nowadays. Both contemporary and future cities will have to face such problems. Although climate change may cause numerous effects on different fields, a special stress in this article...
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In Search for Answers: Light4Health Online Course of Health Research for Interior Lighting Design
PublicationThree years ago, when I wrote an article in arc called: Human Centric Lighting. The New X Factor? (arc no. 108 Feb/Mar 2019), my intention was to raise questions in relation to the new topic and to find solid, research-based answers in the years to come. Today, I am happy to report that the lighting community, with the Light4Health Online Course of Health Research for Interior Lighting Design, has a useful tool, and consortium...
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A Visual Method of Measuring Railway-Track Weed Infestation Level
PublicationThis paper concerns the assessment of railway track surface conditions in relation to the degree of weed infestation. The paper conceptually describes the proposed method using a visual system to analyse weed infestation level. The use of image analysis software for weed detection is also proposed. This new measurement method allows for a mobile assessment of the track’s weed infestation status. Validation of the assessment method...
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Changes in Manufacturing Industries- an Empirical Verifiction of the Kaldor-Verdoorn Laws
PublicationThis paper focus on showing the importance of manufacturing industry for the growth of selected european countries from a kaldorian perspective. the author discusses and testes two (the first and the second) kaldor-verdoorn laws, which state that manufacturing is the engine of growth (the first law) and that exist positive relation between labour productivity and output in manufacturing industries because of increasing returns...
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Thermal self-action effects of acoustic beam in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublicationThermal self-action of acoustic beam in a molecular gas with excited internal degrees of molecules’ freedom, is studied. This kind of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Heating or cooling of a medium takes place due to transfer of internal vibrational energy. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium gases, which may be acoustically active, are considered. A beam in an acoustically active gas is self-focusing unlike...
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Melody Harmonization with Interpolated Probabilistic Models
PublicationMost melody harmonization systems use the generative hidden Markov model (HMM), which model the relation between the hidden chords and the observed melody. Relations to other variables, such as the tonality or the metric structure, are handled by training multiple HMMs or are ignored. In this paper, we propose a discriminative means of combining multiple probabilistic models of various musical variables by means of model interpolation....
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Radionuclides activity and effective doses referred to geological formations
PublicationNaturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are present in Earth’s crust and they caused natural background radiation, variable in different regions. Liquid, gas and solid radionuclides emit three types of radiation – alpha, beta and gamma. Fluctuations of natural radioactivity in different geological formations in the world and in Poland were compared in relation to radiological hazard. Also drilling cuttings from boreholes...
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Wpływ procesu redukcji na właściwości strukturalne i mechaniczne szkieł tlenkowych z grupy (Pb,Bi)-(Si,Ge)-O = Influence of reduction process on the structural and mechanical properties of (Pb,Bi)-(Si,Ge)-O oxide glasses
PublicationThe effect of the reduction process in H2 at 380 °C on the microstructure and elemental composition of a glass Bi0.4Pb0.2Si0.4Ox has been investigated. It has been shown that after reduction a clearly separated top layer with a thickness of approx. 50 µm was formed on the surface of the sample. This layer is depleted of oxygen and has higher electrical conductivity than the interior of the glass. It has also been found that some...
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS FLOW EXTRACTION ON THE CHANGE OF PARAMETERS IN A LABYRINTH SEAL USING THE STODOLA METHOD
PublicationLabyrinth seals are an important element of a steam turbine set design. The use of diagnostic extraction makes it possible to control the operation of a seal by providing information on the thermodynamic parameters along the length of the seal. Diagnostic extraction has a considerable impact on the change of the parameters, the amount of the extracted mass. This article describes the dependence of pressure in the clearance downstream...
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Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells Based on 2-D Cosserat Constitutive Model
PublicationIn this paper geometrically nonlinear analysis of functionally graded shells in 6-parameter shell theory is presented. It is assumed that the shell consists of two constituents: ceramic and metal. The mechanical properties are graded through the thickness and are described by power law distribution. Formulation based on 2-D Cosserat constitutive model is used to derive constitutive relation for functionally graded shells. Numerical...
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Potential changes in an electric field and electrolytic corrosion.
PublicationSources have been described of corrosively hazardous electric fields and methods of determination of the corrosion hazard to metal structures caused by electrolytic corrosion. Results of potential and impedance investigations in the field of stray currents flowing out of a tram traction and in the presence of a defined electric field of low frequency have been presented. Uncertainties have been indicated relating to the generally...
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1,3-Di-<i>n</i>-butylthiourea
PublicationIn the title compound, C9H20N2S, the n-butyl groups are in syn and anti positions in relation to the C=S bond. In the crystal, two molecules are connected by two N-H···S=C hydrogen bonds into a centrosymmetric dimer. Another N-H···S=C hydrogen bond links the dimers, forming layers with a hydrophilic interior and a hydrophobic exterior, which spread across the (100) plane. Interlacing of the...
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Analysis of sloping brace stiffness influence on stability and load bearing capacity of a truss
PublicationThe paper is focused on the numerical study of stability and load bearing capacity of a truss with side elastic braces. The structure is made in reality. The rotational and sliding brace stiffnesses were taken into account. Linear buckling analysis and non-linear static analysis with geometric and material nonlinearity were performed for the beam and shell model of the truss with respect to the angle of sloping braces. As a result...
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Influence of reduction process on the structural and mechanical properties of (Pb,Bi)-(Si,Ge)-O oxide glasses
PublicationThe effect of the reduction process in H2 at 380 °C on the microstructure and elemental composition of a glass Bi0.4Pb0.2Si0.4Ox has been investigated. It has been shown that after reduction a clearly separated top layer with a thickness of approx. 50 µm was formed on the surface of the sample. This layer is depleted of oxygen and has higher electrical conductivity than the interior of the glass. It has also been found that some...
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Fundamenty palowe, obliczenia z zastosowaniem zasad Eurokodu 7 i doświadczeń krajowych
PublicationPrzedstawiono zagadnienia obliczania fundamentów palowych w nawiązaniu do zaleceń Eurokodu 7. Zwrócono uwagę, że zgodnie z założeniami Eurokodu 7, projektant i inżynier ma swobodę w wyborze metod obliczeniowych.Przytoczono i zarekomendowano metody i propozycje miedzy innymi obliczania statycznego układów palowych, określania nośności pali, prognozowania osiadań fundamentów palowych oraz charakterystyk obciążenie-osiadanie pali...
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Approximation algorithms for job scheduling with block-type conflict graphs
PublicationThe problem of scheduling jobs on parallel machines (identical, uniform, or unrelated), under incompatibility relation modeled as a block graph, under the makespan optimality criterion, is considered in this paper. No two jobs that are in the relation (equivalently in the same block) may be scheduled on the same machine in this model. The presented model stems from a well-established line of research combining scheduling theory...
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Celowe zanieczyszczanie pilotów w łączu w górę w interfejsie 5G NR
PublicationReferat poświęcono zagadnieniu zakłócania sygnałów pilotowych w interfejsie radiowym 5G NR. Przedstawiono charakterystykę sygnału referencyjnego DMRS oraz uwarunkowania możliwości jego selektywnego zakłócenia. Opisano schemat transmisji w kanale fizycznym PUSCH, zaimplementowany w oprogramowaniu Sionna. Zaprezen-towano model symulacyjny oraz założenia badań wpływu zanieczyszczenia pilotów na jakość transmisji. Przedsta-wiono wyniki...
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Problems of Railway Noise—A Case Study
PublicationUnder Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, all European countries are obliged to model their environmental noise levels in heavily populated areas. Some countries have their own national method, to predict noise but most have not created one yet. The recommendation for countries that do not have their own model is to use an interim method....
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Application of Multivariate Analysis Methods in Welding Engineering
PublicationPhenomena and processes taking place during welding are usually very complex and, for this reason, should be described using multivariate methods. The article discusses the methodological basis and selected application areas as regards the solving of welding problems using statistical multivariate methods. In addition, the article presents exemplary applications of the design of experiment, multiple regression analysis, cluster...
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On Anti-Plane Surface Waves Considering Highly Anisotropic Surface Elasticity Constitutive Relations
PublicationWithin the framework of highly anisotropic surface elasticity model we discuss the propagation of new type of surface waves that are anti-plane surface waves. By the highly anisotropic surface elasticity model we mean the model with a surface strain energy density which depends on incomplete set of second derivatives of displacements. From the physical point of view this model corresponds to a coating made of a family of parallel...
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ANALYSIS OF THE INCREASE OF CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN URBAN REGENERATION PROJECTS
PublicationThe subject of this paper is the analysis and evaluation of the reasons for construction costs increases in urban regeneration projects. The analysis considers major refurbishments of real estates’, as well as heavy repair and modernization of the road system. For the period mentioned, the costs from works and expenditure schedules were compared with the costs of additional works, which shows the percentage cost increase in relation...
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Assesment of operation of ship main diesel engine using the theory of semi-markovian and markov processes.
PublicationTo precisely determine the task it is necessary to specify also its duration time, apart from conditions in which it will be realized. When considering propulsion engine, i.e. the main element of ship propulsion system, especially important becomes not only the problem which amount of energy could be at one's disposal but also within which time interval it could be delivered. Therefore apart from applying the commonly used reliability...
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The ancient formula of master-apprentice relevance in contemporary architecture education.
PublicationThe universalization of the methodology for determining the quality of European higher education exposes the aspect of supporting the student in the education process, which takes the form of tutoring or supervising - a modern form of ancient master-apprentice relationship. The 'master' in architectural education has lawful building qualification and is a member in national architect association - a sine qua non with respect to...
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Comments on various extensions of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives : About the Leibniz and chain rule properties
PublicationStarting from the Riemann–Liouville derivative, many authors have built their own notion of fractional derivative in order to avoid some classical difficulties like a non zero derivative for a constant function or a rather complicated analogue of the Leibniz relation. Discussing in full generality the existence of such operator over continuous functions, we derive some obstruction Lemma which can be used to prove the triviality...
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Using multibeam echoes in seafloor characterisation and classification
PublicationThe method of seabed identification and classification from multibeam sonar echoes is presented. The proposed approach is based on calculation of a set of parameters of an echo envelope, similarly as in seafloor classification using single beam echosounder. These parameters are extracted for each consecutive beam allowing the estimation of their dependence on the seafloor incident angle. The relation between seabed type and calculated...
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Unusual streaming in chemically reacting gases
PublicationNonlinear stimulation of the vorticity mode caused by losses in the momentum of sound in the chemically reacting gas, is considered. The instantaneous dynamic equation which describes the nonlinear generation of the vorticity mode, is derived. It includes a quadratic nonlinear acoustic source. Both periodic and aperiodic sound may be considered as the origin of the vorticity flow. In the non-equilibrium regime of the chemical reaction,...
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Problems of Railway Noise-A Case Study
PublicationUnder Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, all European countries are obliged to model their environmental noise levels in heavily populated areas. Some countries have their own national method, to predict noise but most have not created one yet. The recommendation for countries that do not have their own model is to use an interim method. The Dutch SRM II scheme is suggested for...
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Electrical and mechanical characterization of two-phase alloys by means of scanning probe microscopy in dynamic impedance spectroscopy mode
PublicationDynamic impedance spectroscopy, evaluated for measuring non-stationary systems, was used in combination with scanning probe microscope. Using this approach, localized impedance measurements in the AFM contact mode could be carried out. Additionally, impedance–force curves were made at each phase of investigated materials to illustrate the relation between impedance and the force applied to a probe. Therefore, correlation of electrical...
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ANALYSIS OF BRACE STIFFNESS INFLUENCE ON STABILITY OF THE TRUSS
PublicationThe paper is devoted to the numerical and experimental research of stability of a truss with side elastic supports at the top chord. The structure is a model of a real roof truss scaled by factor ¼. The linear buckling analysis and non-linear static analysis were carried out. The buckling length factor for the compressed top chord was calculated and the limit load for the imperfect truss shell model with respect to brace stiffness...
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Contra Bellum: Bell's Theorem as a Confusion of Languages
PublicationBell's theorem is a conflict of mathematical predictions formulated within an infinite hierarchy of mathematical models. Inequalities formulated at level k ∈ Z are violated by probabilities at level k+1. We are inclined to think that k=0 corresponds to the classical world, while k=1 — to the quantum one. However, as the k=0 inequalities are violated by k=1 probabilities, the same relation holds between k=1 inequalities violated...
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Zróżnicowanie działań w zakresie zarządzania wiekiem
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy problematyki zarządzania wiekiem (ZW), a w szczególności zróżnicowania jego wdrażania w krajach o odmiennych uwarunkowaniach związanych z sytuacją osób starszych na rynku pracy to jest w Szwecji, Niemczech i Polsce. W części empirycznej przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych porównując je z wynikami badań przeprowadzonych w ramach Best Agers Lighthouses – Strategic Age Management for SME in The Baltic Sea Region. Pozwoliło...
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Mieszanie w klasie niejednorodnych łańcuchów Markowa i kwadratowych operatorów stochastycznych
PublicationRozprawa doktorska poświęcona jest zagadnieniu asymptotycznych własności w klasie nieskończenie wymiarowych niejednorodnych łańcuchów Markowa z czasem dyskretnym oraz w klasie kwadratowych operatorów stochastycznych. W pierwszej kolejności definiowane są różne rodzaje asymptotycznego zachowania (mieszania) niejednorodnych łańcuchów Markowa odpowiadające zbieżności w normowej i mocnej topologii operatorowej oraz omówione są relacje...
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Analog modelling in qualitative analysis of vibration propagation
PublicationThe theory of dynamic systems is usually used to model the real systems. The models are based on solving ordinary differential equations, partial or difference, which enable obtaining the relation between input signal and the system response (output signal). The analogy between those models and generalized dynamic systems or control systems can be practically used. Vibration propagation can be described in a similar way as the...
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An experimental study of high-hydrogen welding processes
PublicationThis paper presents investigation results of determination of the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal obtained by means of two most often used methods-the glycerin method and the mercury method. Relation has been defined between results of those methods in the area characteristic of low-hydrogen as well as high-hydrogen welding processes. Relations available in the literature do not include the diffusible hydrogen content...
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A mechanistic model for fate and removal of estrogens in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublicationTwo estrogen fate and transformation models were integrated with a comprehensive activated sludge model (ASM) to predict estrogen removal based on biomass and solids production. Model predictions were evaluated against published full-scale plant data as well as results from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed synthetic wastewater. The estrogen fate model relating the rate of total estrogen degradation to soluble...
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CSR and innovation or CSR as non-technological innovation
PublicationThis chapter investigates the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and innovation process. There is an ongoing discussion in the literature regarding this relationship, in particular on its one- or bidirectional nature and possible antecedents or mediating factors. This research addresses this gap and aims to provide more conceptual clarity and synthesize the different types of relationships between CSR and...
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Application of Pierson-Moskowitz wave spectrum to solution differential equations of multihull vessel
PublicationMotion of a dynamic system can be generated by different external or internal factors. At mathematical modelling external excitation factors of the most significant effect on the system, are selected. Such external factors are usually called excitations. Response of the system to given excitations is mathematically characterized by a definite transformation called operator of a system. For a broad class of dynamic systems the...
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A Novel Bitrate Adaptation Method for Heterogeneous Wireless Body Area Networks
PublicationIn the article, a novel bitrate adaptation method for data streams allocation in heterogeneous Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is presented. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was compared with other known algorithms of data stream allocation using computer simulation. A dedicated simulator has been developed using results of measurements in the real environment. The usage of the proposed adaptive data streams allocation...
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Allergic Reactions as a Defense of the Organism to the Influence of Implants Components Made of Stainless Steel
PublicationDue to the increasing number of cases of hypersensitivity caused by direct contact with metals, as well as the increasing demand for implants in humans all ages numerous studies on the effects of the impact of implant components are being carried out. The paper presents the phenomenon of etiology of allergy in general terms and in relation to the biomaterials used in medicine. There have been characterized in terms of impact on...
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Communication Networks in the Service of the Environmental Monitoring
PublicationIn the paper selected issues relating to communication networks in the services of the environmental monitoring (EM) have been described. It is divided into three main parts: introduction, wire and wireless networks. At the beginning of the basic definitions were explained. The wire part focuses on a plain old telephone service (POTS), an integrated services digital network (ISDN), a digital subscriber line (DSL) and a fiber-optic...
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INVESTIGATION OF JOURNAL SLIDE BEARINGS UNDER THE ANGLE OF THEIR FUNCTIONING
PublicationPaper presents the structure and principle of operation of a stand for measurements of influence of the lubrication method and process on functioning of journal slide bearings in their various technical states. Measurements performed on the stand make it possible to take advantage of the new method of evaluating the influence of physical and chemical properties of lubricating oil on the coefficient of friction in the mixed friction...
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The Crisis of Marketing Communication in the Era of Social Media
PublicationThe articles examines the widely discussed in literature the problem of marketing communication crisis resulting from the changes of the environment. These changes generate both new problems and also new solutions, e.g. social media. The practicioners are pursuing both effective and efficient solutions, in relation to the difficulties encountered while achieving market objectives via traditional methods and channels. In accordance...
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THE PROBLEM OF THE BANKING SYSTEM STABILITY IN THE LITERATURE
PublicationThe article is an overview of the literature output in the field of banking sector stability. In the literature a plethora of definitions of the term may be encountered. There is no universal definition of the term. Therefore, the article proposes a unique division of the existing explanations into the following groups: stability determined by the quality of the banking sector, stability in terms of its influence on the macroeconomic...
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A Novel Bitrate Adaptation Method for Heterogeneous Wireless Body Area Networks
PublicationIn the article, a novel bitrate adaptation method for data streams allocation in heterogeneous Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is presented. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was compared with other known algorithms of data stream allocation using computer simulation. A dedicated simulator has been developed using results of measurements in the real environment. The usage of the proposed adaptive data streams allocation...
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Allergic reactions as a defense of the organism to the influence of implants components made of stainless steel
PublicationDue to the increasing number of cases of hypersensitivity caused by direct contact with metals, as well as the increasing demand for implants in humans all ages numerous studies on the effects of the impact of implant components are being carried out. The paper presents the phenomenon of etiology of allergy in general terms and in relation to the biomaterials used in medicine. There have been characterized in terms of impact on...
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The Influence of Cooperation on the Operation of an MPC Controller Pair in a Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Generator Set
PublicationThe paper discusses the problem of cooperation between multiple model predictive control (MPC) systems. This approach aims at improving the control quality in electrical energy generation and forms the next step in a series of publications by the authors focusing on the optimization and control of electric power systems. Cooperation and cooperative object concepts in relation to a multi MPC system are defined and a cooperative control...
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NOWE ŻYCIE DWORCÓW KOLEJOWYCH - MOŻLIWOŚCI MODERNIZACJI OBIEKTÓW OBSŁUGI PASAŻERÓW
PublicationW aspekcie współcześnie zachodzących zmian demograficznych, rozwijających się technologii oraz poszukiwania rozwiązań proekologicznych wzrasta potencjał transportu kolejowego. Po okresie upadku znaczenia kolei jesteśmy świadkami jej postępującej transformacji w Europie. Do obsługi ruchu pasażerskiego służy w Polsce prawie 600 dworców kolejowych, z których większość nie jest jeszcze przystosowana do aktualnych potrzeb użytkownika...
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The chemistry of river–lake systems in the context of permafrost occurrence (Mongolia, Valley of the Lakes) Part II. Spatial trends and possible sources of organic composition
PublicationThe chemistry of river–lake systems located in Central Mongolia near the southern border of permafrost occurrence has not been well studied. The main aim of this paper is to summarize patterns in water chemistry in supply springs, rivers and lakes in relation to permafrost occurrence, as well as other natural and anthropogenic impacts. The analyses involved water samples taken from two river–lake systems: the Baydrag River–Böön...