Search results for: heavyweight concrete
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The Influence of Silica Fume on the Mechanical and Thermal Parameters of Portland Cement Concretes
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Evaluation of thermal cracking probability for asphalt concretes with high percentage of RAP
PublicationThe paper presents determination of the probability of thermal cracking of asphalt mixtures with different reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content on the basis of laboratory tests and analytical evaluation using thermal stress development method. Probability was evaluated taking into consideration: the type and gradation of the mixture and the quality and content of RAP. Thermal stresses were determined using two models: elastic and...
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Retrofit analysis of florida beam-and-post reinforced concreta bridge barriers
PublicationTematem pracy jest analiza przebiegu kolizji drogowych w przypadku najechania rozpędzonego pojazdu na betonową barierę mostową typu "Florida beam-and-post". Przedstawiono podstawy konstruowania modelu obliczeniowego do komputerowej symulacji zderzenia przy wykorzystaniu systemu LS-Dyna. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników sformułowano zalecenia ewentualnych modyfikacji istniejących barier w celu poprawienia ich własności.
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Measurements of the heat of hydration released by concrete specimens cured under adiabatic conditions
Open Research DataThe DataSet contains measurements of heat of hydartion of concrete cubes (150 x 150 x 150 mm) cured under adiabatic conditions. The specimens were moulded from six types of concrete mixtures produced in the laboratory conditions. Mix #1: Portland cement CEM I 42.5R and gravel aggregate, mix #2: CEM I 42.5R and basalt aggregate, mix#3: Portland-composite...
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Influence of low-temperature physical hardening on stiffness and tensile strength of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt
PublicationThis paper presents laboratory testing of stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength of three asphalt concrete (AC) and three stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixes after isothermal storage at temperature of -20oC, at different time intervals up to 16 days. The tests under repeated dynamic loading showed physical hardening of all tested mixes which was manifested by an evident increase of their stiffness moduli after isothermal...
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Experimental validation of the use of energy transfer ratio (ETR) for damage diagnosis of steel-concrete composite beams
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Method of selective fading as a educational tool to study the behaviour of prestressed concrete elements under excess loading
PublicationPrestressed structures are a key to realization of the boldest architectural ideas, characteristic feature of prestressed structure is better use of concrete material properties by insertion of internal forces. Learning about pre-stressed reinforced concrete structures is an integral part of Graduate Studies Program in construction engineering. Know-how of geometry change patterns in prestressed concrete elements under certain...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-off adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by...
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Improving Thermal Insulation Properties for Prefabricated Wall Components Made of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete with Open Structure
PublicationPorous concrete is commonly used in civil engineering due to its good thermal insulation properties in comparison with normal concrete and high compression strength in comparison with other building materials. An extremely porous concrete, called ‘lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure’ (LAC), is used in some German plants to produce prefabricated wall components. They are used mainly in hall buildings, e.g. supermarkets....
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Composite Beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete - early stage of a theorethical and experimental analysis of a shear zone
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present a forgoing preparation for a theoretical and experimental analysis of a shear zone of a composite beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete. Authors present their current knowledge, achievements and predicted challenges in later stages of the research. Properties of component materials are presented in the context of compensating weaknesses of one material with strengths of the...
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Load-carrying capacity of axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns made of thin tubes
PublicationAn experimental investigation was conducted on 30 CFST columns. An influence of the following factors on load-carrying capacity of the investigated columns was analyzed: the column slenderness (l1 = 42, l2 = 27 and l3 = 15), the tube thickness (the reinforcement ratio was equal to 4% or 6%), the way of applying the load to CFST columns (through the concrete core or through the entire cross-section), the bond strength between a...
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Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars in experiments and according to aci ACI 440.1R guide
PublicationThe paper presents research conducted on two concrete slabs reinforced with the carbon composite bars and two other concrete slabs reinforced with basalt composite bars. The carbon bars were plain, while the basalt ones were ribbed. The slabs were experimentally investigated in the flexural state of effort with the concentrated forces applied. The results are compared with the analytical solution proposed in the guide ACI 440.1R-06...
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Prediction of cast-in-place concrete strength of the extradosed bridge deck based on temperature monitoring and numerical simulations
PublicationThe work is devoted to the implementation of a monitoring system for high performance concrete embedded in the span of an extradosed bridge deck using a modified maturity method augmented by numerical simulations conducted by the authors’ FEM code. The paper presents all research stages of bridge construction and considers the conclusions drawn from the results of laboratory tests, field measurements, and numerical calculations....
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Modeling, simulation, and validation of a TB41 crash test of the H2/W5/B concrete vehicle restraint system
PublicationThe paper addresses numerical simulations of a concrete vehicle restraint system. The model is described in detail. The advanced material law of the continuous surface cap model was used to analyze the damage locations in concrete barrier segments. The results were validated against the TB41 full-scale crash test. The test was conducted in compliance with European standard EN 1317, and the validation was performed in accordance...
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Detection of debonding in reinforced concrete beams using ultrasonic transmission tomography and hybrid ray tracing technique
PublicationThis paper concerns inspection of reinforced concrete elements, with particular emphasis on assessing the quality of the adhesive connection between steel and concrete. A novel theoretical model was developed to determine the paths of transmitted, refracted and reflected elastic waves as well as a creeping wave propagated along the inclusion surface. Imaging the internal structure of tested beams was based on wave propagation measurements...
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Electrochemical investigations on the corrosion behaviour of reinforcing steel in diatomite- and zeolite-containing concrete exposed to sulphuric acid
PublicationCorrosion is a major concern for most structural applications. Its detrimental effect significantly reduces the life of metallic components. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of corrosion in the steel reinforcement of concrete samples having three different substituents: 20% diatomite, 20% zeolite, and a reference without zeolite or diatomite. All concrete specimens were subjected to a solution of...
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The use of a two-phase Monte Carlo material model to reflect the dispersion of asphalt concrete fracture parameters
PublicationThe work covers comprehensive laboratory tests of semi-circular bending (SCB) of asphalt concrete samples. The results of two test series, including four and 32 SCB specimens, indicate a substantial scatter of force–deflection (F-d) histories. The numerical analysis is aimed to reflect the maximum breaking load and fracture energy of the samples, pointing out their random character. The original simulation-based fictitious Monte...
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Examination of advanced isotropic constitutive laws under complex stress states in plain and reinforced concrete specimens
PublicationThe performance of advanced isotropic constitutive laws under complex stress states in plain and reinforced concrete specimens is investigated. Three different formulations are chosen: original Mazars model, Mazars mi model and model proposed by Pereira and coworkers. The degradation of the material in all formulations is described via a single variable, but a strain/stress state is taken into account via quite sophisticated relationships....
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Textile reinforced concrete members subjected to tension, bending, and in-plane loads: Experimental study and numerical analyses
PublicationTextile reinforced concrete has raised increasing research interest during the last years, mainly due to its potential to be used for freeform shell structures involving complex load situations. Yet, most experimental work has focused on test setups with primarily uniaxial loading. In the current work, such setups are complemented with a novel test setup of deep beams, including in-plane bending and shear. Further, nonlinear finite...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four Different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-of adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by cyclic...
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A study on microcrack monitoring in concrete: discrete element method simulations of acoustic emission for non-destructive diagnostics
PublicationThe research is focused on the monitoring of fracture evolution in concrete beams under three-point bending using the acoustic emission technique and the discrete element method. The main objective of the study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanism behind the generation of elastic waves during acoustic emission events and their interaction with micro- and macro-cracking in concrete beams under monotonic...
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Chained machine learning model for predicting load capacity and ductility of steel fiber–reinforced concrete beams
PublicationOne of the main issues associated with steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams is the ability to anticipate their flexural response. With a comprehensive grid search, several stacked models (i.e., chained, parallel) consisting of various machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed to predict the flexural response of SFRC beams. The flexural performance of SFRC beams under bending was...
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Prediction of fracture toughness in fibre-reinforced concrete, mortar, and rocks using various Machine learning techniques
PublicationMachine Learning (ML) method is widely used in engineering applications such as fracture mechanics. In this study, twenty different ML algorithms were employed and compared for the prediction of the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) of various materials, including fibre-reinforced concrete, cement mortar, sandstone, white travertine, marble, and granite. A set of 401 specimens of “Brazilian...
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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties
PublicationThe huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in...
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A pin-on-disc study of airborne wear particle emissions from studded tyre on concrete road contacts
PublicationStudded tyres wear surfaces of winter roads, generating inhalable airborne particles. In this study, four concrete road materials and two stud geometries were investigated in terms of wear, road material hardness and airborne particle concentration. The sliding contact between studded tyres and road materials was studied using a pin-on-disc machine in a clean chamber. The results show that the normal load and the stud size have...
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Investigations of size effect in concrete at aggregate level - experiments and calculations results using discrete element method
PublicationSize effect is a fundamental phenomenon in concrete. It is characterised by decreasing strength and increasing brittleness of concrete with increasing size. The thesis includes experimental and theoretical elements. The main goal of the thesis were investigations of a size effect at the aggregate level by taking fracture into account with the discrete element method (DEM) for various failure modes. Comprehensive experiments on...
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Accuracy improvement of the prestressed concrete structures precise geometry assessment by use of bubble micro-sampling algorithm
PublicationPrestressed concrete structures are well-known technology for a vast period, but nevertheless, this very technology is a leading solution, currently used in construction industry. Prestressed concrete structures have a huge advantage over conventional methods because it uses the properties of concrete in a very efficient way. The main idea behind this technology is to introduce into the cross-section of the structure, the internal...
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Assessment of Failure Occurrence Rate for Concrete Machine Foundations Used in Gas and Oil Industry by Machine Learning
PublicationConcrete machine foundations are structures that transfer loads from machines in operation to the ground. The design of such foundations requires a careful analysis of the static and dynamic effects caused by machine exploitation. There are also other substantial differences between ordinary concrete foundations and machine foundations, of which the main one is that machine foundations are separated from the building structure....
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Characterization of fracture process in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete using ultrasonic waves and digital image correlation
PublicationThis study explores the monitoring of the fracture process in concrete beams and aims to characterize the evolution of damage in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete beams by utilizing the integrated application of two measurement techniques, digital image correlation and ultrasonic testing. The interpretation of registered wave time histories data was provided by the calculation of the magnitude-phase-composite metrics. An efficient...
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Non-Destructive Diagnostics of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Steel Plates Using Modal Analysis and Wavelet Transform
PublicationExternally bonded reinforcements are commonly and widely used in civil engineering objects made of concrete to increase the structure load capacity or to minimize the negative effects of long-term operation and possible defects. The quality of adhesive bonding between a strengthened structure and steel or composite elements is essential for effective reinforcement; therefore, there is a need for non-destructive diagnostics of adhesive...
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Badania eksploatacyjne żelbetonu podczas realizacji ochrony katodowej. Investigations of cathodic protection of exposed reinforced concrete
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań realizacji ochrony katodowej stalowego zbrojenia betonu. Jako anodę zastosowano powłokę ochronną charakteryzującą się wysokim przewodnictwem elektrycznym. Podczas ekspozycji wykonywano pomiary potencjału powłok, który odzwierciedla zmiany rezystancji elektrycznej. Powłoki zawierające niskie zawartości grafitu charakteryzują się wysokimi rezystancjami rosnącymi podczas realizacji ochrony, ponadto w stosunku...
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Modelling of reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublicationW artykule omówiono wyniki modelowania numerycznego MES zachowania się wysokich belek żelbetowych podczas zniszczenia mieszanego ścinanie-rozciąganie. Obliczenia wykonano stosując różne modele dla betonu rozszerzone o długość charakterystyczną mikrostruktury w oparciu o teorie nielokalna. Otrzymano dobrą zgodność z wynikami doświadczalnymi.
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Parametric FE studies on a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in plain concrete beams under bending
PublicationW artykule omówiono wyniki połączonego deterministyczno-statystycznego efektu skali w betonowych belkach podczas zginania. Obliczenia wykonano stosując MES w zakresie sprężysto-plastyczności z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Obliczenia wykonano dla różnych długości korelacji i współczynnika zmienności.
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Calculations of fracture process zones on meso-scale in notched concrete beams subjected to three-point bending.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numeryczne MES modelowanie belek betonowych z nacięciem na poziomie skali mezo. Beton został opisany na poziomie skali mezo jako stochastyczny materiał 3-składnikowy złożony z kruszywa, zaczynu cementowego oraz stref kontaktu. Obliczenia wykonano przy wykorzystaniu modelu degradacji sztywności z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Zbadano wpływ stochastycznego rozkładu kruszywa, średnicy, kształtu oraz zagęszczenia...
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Application of enhanced elasto-plastic damage models to concrete under quasi-static and dynamic cyclic loading
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki symulacji zachowania sie elementów betonowych poddanych zginaniu w czasie cyklicznego obciążenia. Do symulacji zastosowano 3 połączone modele sprężysto-plastyczne z degradacją sztywności i z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki symulacji porównano bezpośrednio z doświadczeniami.
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Analysis of concrete behaviour under cycling within coupled elasto-plastic-damage with non-local softening
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki symulacji zachowania sie elementów betonowych poddanych cyklicznemu obciążeniu. Do symulacji zastosowano 3 połączone modele sprężysto-plastyczne z degradacją sztywności i z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki symulacji porównano z doświadczeniami laboratoryjnymi..
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FE-analysis of the beaviour of concrete elements with coupled elasto-plastic-damage models with non-local softening
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki symulacji zachowania sie elementów betonowych poddanych cyklicznemu obciążeniu. Do symulacji zastosowano połączone modele sprężysto-plastyczne z degradacją sztywności i z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki symulacji porównano z doswiadczeniami.
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FE-modelling of concrete behaviour under mixed mode conditions with non-local and cohesive constitutive models.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji rys zaokrąglonych w elementach betonowych w warunkach mieszanego sposobu obciążenia. Symulacje wykonano przy zastosowaniu modelu rys kohezyjnych i modeli mechaniki ośrodka ciągłego z nielokalnym osłabieniem.. Wyniki symulacji porównano z doświadczeniami.
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Finite element analysis on failure of reinforced concrete corner in sewage tank under opening bending moment
PublicationW artykule omówiono mechanizm uszkodzenia żelbetowego zbiornika ściekowego w narożniku ściany, który uległ uszkodzeniu podczas próby wypełnienia na skutek nadmiernych przemieszczeń poziomych ścian pod wpływem otwierającego momentu zginającego. Aby wyjaśnić przyczyny awarii, przeprowadzono kompleksowe obliczenia metodą elementów skończonych (MES) żelbetowego zbiornika w warunkach odkształcenia płaskiego. Beton zamodelowano za pomocą...
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Coupled DEM/CFD analysis of impact of free water on the static and dynamic response of concrete in tension regime
PublicationW tym artykule zbadano numerycznie quasi-statyczne i dynamiczne zachowanie częściowo nasyconego płynem betonu w warunkach dwuwymiarowego (2D) jednoosiowego rozciągania w mezoskali. Obliczono, jaki wpływ ma zawartość wolnego płynu porowego (gazu i wody) na proces pękania i wytrzymałość betonu w rozciąganiu. Do symulacji zachowania betonu całkowicie i częściowo nasyconego płynem w warunkach quasi-statycznych i dynamicznych wykorzystano...
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Modelling of Capillary Pressure-driven Water Flow in Unsaturated Concrete Using Coupled DEM/CFD Approach.
PublicationSformułowano nowatorskie, połączone podejście do modelowania dwufazowego przepływu wody napędzanego kapilarami w nienasyconym betonie. Dzięki połączeniu metody elementów dyskretnych (DEM) z obliczeniową dynamiką płynów (CFD) w warunkach izotermicznych proces został zbadany numerycznie w mezoskali w warunkach dwuwymiarowych. Niewielkie próbki betonu o uproszczonej mezostrukturze cząstek poddano w pełni sprzężonym hydromechanicznym...
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Modelling reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublicationThe paper presents quasi-static numerical simulations of the behaviour of short reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement under mixed shear-tension failure using the FEM and four various constitutive continuum models for concrete. First, an isotropic elasto-plastic model with a Drucker-Prager criterion defined in compression and with a Rankine criterion defined in tension was used. Next, an anisotropic smeared crack...
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Comparison of continuous and discontinuous constitutive models to simulate concrete behaviour under mixed mode failure conditions
PublicationW artykule porównano modele MES ciągłe i nieciągłe do symulacji zachowania betonu w warunkach mieszanego zniszczenia. W ramach modeli ciągłych zastosowano modele sprężysto-plastyczne oraz modele z redukcją sztywności sprężystej i nielokalnym osłabieniem. W ramach modeli nieciągłych zastosowano XFEM. Przedmiotem obliczeń były strefy lokalizacji i rysy w warunkach mieszanego zniszczenia wg testu doświadczalnego Nooru-Mohameda.
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FE analysis of a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in plain concrete beams with varying material properties.
PublicationThe numerical FE investigations of a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in unnotched concrete beams of similar geometry under quasi-static three point bending were performed within elasto-plasticity with non-local softening. The stochastic FE analyses were carried out with three different beam sizes. Deterministic calculations were performed with the uniform distribution of a uniaxial tensile strength. In statistical calculations...
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Investigations on fracture in reinforced concrete beams in 3-point bending using continuous micro-CT scanning
PublicationThis study explores a fracture process in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. RC beams were short and long with included longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a steel or basalt bar. The ratio of the shear span to the effective depth was 1.5 and 0.75. The focus was on the load–deflection diagram and crack formation. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses of the size and distribution...
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Limits of enhanced of macro- and meso-scale continuum models for studying size effect in concrete under tension
PublicationThe paper investigates a mechanical quasi-static size effect in concrete during splitting tension at the macro- and meso-level. In experiments, five different diameters of cylindrical concrete specimens were tested. Twodimensional plane strain finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to reproduce the experimental size effect. The size effect in experiments by Carmona et al. was also simulated. Two enhanced continuum concrete...
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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concretes (LWCs) with Various Aggregates
PublicationHigh requirements for the properties of construction materials and activities directed at environment protection are reasons to look for new solutions in concrete technology. This research was directed at solutions affecting the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The use of lightweight concretes (LWCs) allows one to meet both conditions at the same time. The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to...
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Concrete temperature measurements of cubic specimens cured under isothermal and semi-adiabatic conditions
Open Research DataThe DataSet contains temperature measurements of concrete cubes (150 x 150 x 150 mm) cured under isothermal and semi-adiabatic conditions. The specimens were moulded from six types of concrete mixtures produced in the laboratory conditions. Mix #1: Portland cement CEM I 42.5R and gravel aggregate, mix #2: CEM I 42.5R and basalt aggregate, mix#3: Portland-composite...
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Load-carrying capacity and state of effort of tubes made of glass and basalt fibre reinforced polymer filled with concrete
PublicationOpisano badania eksperymentalne słupów wykonanych z rur polimerowych zbrojonych włóknami szklanymi i bazaltowymi. Część rur wypełniano wewnątrz betonem. Słupy z wypełnieniem niszczyły się w sposób powolny, wykazując wysoką nośność pokrytyczną, podczas gdy słupy z rur pustych niszczyły się w sposób gwałtowny, niesygnalizowany. Nośności uzyskane eksperymentalnie porównano do nośności obliczonych teoretycznie na podstawie procedur...
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Investigation of low-temperature cracking in newly constructed high-modulus asphalt concrete base course of a motorway pavement
PublicationThe paper presents the issue of low-temperature transverse cracks which have developed in newly constructed base courses made of high-modulus asphalt concrete mix (HMAC). Numerous transverse cracks developed in the analysed HMAC base during the winter season before the pavement was actually completed, both at the transverse joint locations and in the areas between them. This had not happened so far on such a scale during road construction...