Search results for: clearances
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Pressure pulsations in turbine blade seal clearance
PublicationThe paper presents the results of numerical and experimental investigations into pressure forces generated in a turbine labyrinth seal. The experiments were performed on a single-stage air model turbine of the impulse type, while the numerical results were obtained by means of CFD Fluent Code. The performed experimental research and numerical calculations prove that in a shroud clearance the pressure pulsates and the effects of...
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Theoretical investigations into flows in rotor blade shroud clearance
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki obliczeń programem Fluent przepływów w uszczelnieniu nadbandażowym stopnia turbinowego przy różnym mimośrodowym położeniu osi wirnika względem osi korpusu. Wyznaczone numerycznie rozkłady ciśnienia w uszczelnieniu i generowane tam siły aerodynamiczne porównano z rezultatem badań przeprowadzonych na powietrznej turbinie modelowej.
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Influence of water and mineral oil on the leaks in satellite motor commutation unit clearances
PublicationThe article describes the flow rates of mineral oil and water flowing, as working media, through the commutation unit of a hydraulic satellite motor. It is demonstrated that geometrical dimensions of commutation unit clearances change as a function of the machine shaft rotation angle. Methods for measuring the rate of this flow and the pressure in the working chamber are presented. The results of pressure measurements in the working...
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The methodology of design of axial clearances compensation unit in hydraulic satellite displacement machine and their experimental verification
PublicationA new methodology of calculating the dimensions of the axial clearance compensation unit in the hydraulic satellite displacement machine is described in this paper. The methods of shaping the compensation unit were also proposed and described. These methods were used to calculate the geometrical dimensions of the compensation field in an innovative prototype of a satellite hydraulic motor. This motor is characterized by the fact...
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Vibration-Based Diagnostics of Radial Clearances and Bolts Loosening in the Bearing Supports of the Heavy-Duty Gearboxes
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Aerodynamic excitations generated in turbine shroud clearance determined bymeans of neural networks
PublicationSiły aerodynamiczne generowane w uszczelnieniach turbinowych z reguły opisywane są modelem liniowym. Przy dużych drganiach wirnika sposób ten daje niezbyt dokładne wyniki. Zaproponowano wykorzystanie sieci neuronowych do określania sił ciśnieniowych powstających w uszczelnieniu. Wyniki porównano z badaniami eksperymentalnymi.
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DESIGN AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A PROTOTYPE TILTING-PAD RADIAL BEARING WITH ADJUSTABLE CLEARANCE
PublicationThe article introduces a design and analysis results of a prototype ORC (organic Rankine cycle) turbo generator rotor assembly of 300kW power, supported by tilting-pad bearings of original design. The calculations were performed for a prototype turbo generator rotor. The shaft of this machine is supported with two radial bearings, lubricated with an unusual lubricant – a low-boiling-point agent. The main objective of the presented...
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A PROPOSAL FOR ONE-IMAGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE CLEARANCE DISTANCE. CASE STUDY
PublicationMeasurement of the clearance distance (both in the context of the rail and road) is one of the current and increasingly discussed topics in the context of photogrammetric and image processing (computer vision) methods. The article presents a description of a simple and rapid method of measure the clearance distance between the obstacles by using one-image photogrammetry. The proposed method was tested for the railway, tram and...
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Experimental and theoretical investigation into pressure field in a shroud clearance. Part I: Experimental research
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych rozkładu ciśnienia w uszczelnieniu nadbandażowym stopnia powietrznej turbiny modelowej. Badania przeprowadzono dla różnej częstości obrotowej wirnika i różnego obciążenia turbiny. Wyniki porównano z rezultatami obliczeń teoretycznych w II części artykułu.
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Badania kompensacji luzów osiowych w hydraulicznych silnikach satelitowych = Researcg of axial clearances compensation in hydraulic satellite motors
PublicationW pracy doktorskiej przedstawiono koncepcje silnika z mechanizmem satelitowym III typu. Istotną nowością w koncepcji tego typu silnika satelitowego jest zastosowanie nowego specjalnego rozwiązania kompensacji luzów osiowych dla zmniejszania przecieków przez szczeliny czołowe mechanizmu. Ma to zapewnić ich eksploatację również z cieczami roboczymi o bardzo małych lepkościach i możliwość uzyskania małych prętkości obrotowych.
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Research of new two-speed planet type gear hydraulic motors with axial clearance compensation.
PublicationOpisano sposoby realizacji napędu dwubiegowego na przykładzie silnika satelitowego HS 3,2 [dm3/obr.] oraz przedstawiono zalety i przykłady zastosowań napędów wielobiegowych. Zaprezentowano porównanie metody analitycznej oraz eksperymentalnej wyznaczania nierównomierności chłonności hydraulicznego silnika satelitowego w celu zweryfikowania własności eksploatacyjnych silnika dwubiegowego HS 3,2/0,8 [dm3/obr] wyprodukowanego przez...
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ANALYSIS OF BEARING CLEARANCE AND WIDTH OF OIL GROOVE ON CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUID FILM IN HYDRODYNAMIC MAIN CRANKSHAFT BEARINGS
PublicationAbstract Paper represents analysis of influence of oil groove width and bearing clearance on characteristics of oil film in hydrodynamic journal main crankshaft bearing. Analysis was performed in purpose to define influence of bearing clearance and dimensions of oil groove on static characteristics and manufacturability of half shelf bearings in industrial high-volume production. Computer simulations was made using ARTbear program...
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JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG
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The influence of rotor-stator axial gap on the aerodynamic forces generatedin the shroud clearance of a turbine stage. Part I: Pressure field
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych wpływu zmiany luzu osiowego na rozkład ciśnienia w uszczelnieniu nadbandażowym stopnia powietrznej turbiny modelowej. Wykazano, że w przypadku uszczelnienia promieniowego zmiana luzu osiowego nieznacznie zmienia rozkład ciśnienia w szczelinie nadbandażowej w porównaniu ze zmianą mimośrodowości czy skośnego ustawienia osi wirnika względem osi korpusu.
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The influence of rotor-stator axial gap on the aerodynamic forces generatedin the shroud clearance of a turbine stage. Part II: Forces and moments
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych wpływu zmiany luzu osiowego na wymuszenia aerodynamiczne powstające w uszczelnieniu nadbandażowym stopnia powietrznej turbiny modelowej. Wykazano, że w przypadku uszczelnienia promieniowego zmiana luzu osiowego odgrywa niewielką rolę w generowaniu sił i momentów aerodynamicznych w szczelinie nadbandażowej w porównaniu ze zmianą mimośrodowości czy skośnego ustawienia osi wirnika względem...
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Application of neural networks for identification of forcedness having effect on magnitude of turbine rotor vibration using pressure distribution in blade tip clearance.
PublicationW pracy sprawdzono, czy zastosowanie sieci neuronowych umożliwia identyfikację wymuszeń powstających w wyniku funkcjonowania maszyny jak i zależnych od jej stanu mechanicznego przy zastosowaniu rozkładu ciśnienia w uszczelnieniu nadbandażowym. Przeprowadzono pomiary rozkładu ciśnienia dla różnych warunków pracy, uwzględniając zmianę mimośrodu oraz zmianę skośnego ustawienia osi wirnika względem osi korpusu. Dokonano analiz przy...
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The basics of design and experimental tests of the commutation unit of a hydraulic satellite motor
Publicationhe article presents an analytical method to design the commutation unit in a hydraulic satellite motor. It is shown that the size of the holes feeding the working chambers and their location on the plates closing those chambers depends on the geometrical dimensions of the working mechanism. The overlap in the commutation unit depends on the rotational speed range. It is demonstrated that the geometrical dimensions of the commutation...
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS FLOW EXTRACTION ON THE CHANGE OF PARAMETERS IN A LABYRINTH SEAL USING THE STODOLA METHOD
PublicationLabyrinth seals are an important element of a steam turbine set design. The use of diagnostic extraction makes it possible to control the operation of a seal by providing information on the thermodynamic parameters along the length of the seal. Diagnostic extraction has a considerable impact on the change of the parameters, the amount of the extracted mass. This article describes the dependence of pressure in the clearance downstream...
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS FLOW EXTRACTION ON THE CHANGE OF PARAMETERS IN A LABYRINTH SEAL USING THE STODOLA METHOD
PublicationLabyrinth seals are an important element of a steam turbine set design. The use of diagnostic extraction makes it possible to control the operation of a seal by providing information on the thermodynamic parameters along the length of the seal. Diagnostic extraction has a considerable impact on the change of the parameters, the amount of the extracted mass. This article describes the dependence of pressure in the clearance downstream...
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Calculations of labyrinth seals with and without diagnostic extraction in fluid-flow machines
PublicationLabyrinth seals are essential components of steam turbine unit constructions. Two types of labyrinth seals can be named, the first of which is the seal without diagnostic steam extraction, and the second – with extraction. The distribution of flow parameters along the packing is affected remarkably by the average seal clearance. The presence of diagnostic extraction leads to the equation system which is determinable and can be...
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NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF GAP FLOW ABOVE ROTATING DISK
PublicationA rotating disk can be considered a basic configuration for the investigati ons of the impact of various conditions on the flow through the clearance between the s hrouded turbine blade and the casing. Numerical calculations using Fine/Turbo Numeca were conducted to examine the influence of the rotational velocity and the pressure differ ence across the disk on the flow conditions, especially the mass flow through the clearance....
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PROBLEMS OF THE STARTING AND OPERATING OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (PART V) METHODS ENSURING CORRECT START-UP OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS OF SHIP’S ONBOARD DEVICES IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
PublicationA large number of hydraulic devices and systems are started in low ambient temperatures. A good example of such a device is the hoisting winch on the ship. Starting hydraulic drive units in thermal shock conditions (rapid supply of hot oil to the cold unit) may lead to incorrect operation of the actuating system, for instance, due to the loss of clearance between cooperating elements. The article presents methods to prevent the...
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A pilot study to assess an in-process inspection method for small diameter holes produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering
PublicationPurpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate the geometric quality of small diameter holes in parts printed by DMLS technology. An in-process optical inspection method is proposed and assessed during a pilot study. The influence of the theoretical hole diameter assumed in a CAD system and the sample thickness (hole length) on the hole clearance was analysed. Design/methodology/approach The samples made of two different...
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RESEARCH OF HYDRAULIC PISTON PUMPS’ START-UP IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
PublicationStarting hydraulic pumps in low ambient temperatures may cause: decreased hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, larger vibration of hydraulic installation, faster wear and more frequent damage to the elements of pumps, change of material properties of elements, increase of pressure drop. As a result of increase of resistance of cold oil flow in the suction pipe, large underpressure may be experienced, causing incomplete filling of pump...
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Comparison of Mathematical Models of Torque Transmitted by Multi-disc Wet Clutch with Experimental Results
PublicationIn this article was described the methodology for the experimental study of flows in the prototype of a satellite hydraulic motor with a rotating body. The experimental tests of the motor were carried out at a low constant rotational speed in a wide range of pressure drop in this motor. The constant rotational speed of the motor was kept by a worm gear. Based on the test results, the leakage characteristics in the flat gaps of...
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Experimental Study of Flow Rate in Hydraulic Satellite Motor with the Rotating Case at a Low Constant Rotational Speed
PublicationIn this article was described the methodology for the experimental study of flows in the prototype of a satellite hydraulic motor with a rotating body. The experimental tests of the motor were carried out at a low constant rotational speed in a wide range of pressure drop in this motor. The constant rotational speed of the motor was kept by a worm gear. Based on the test results, the leakage characteristics in the flat gaps of...
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Pressure Pulsations in Turbine Blade Seal
PublicationThe paper presents the results of experimental investigations into pressure forces generated in a turbine labyrinth seal. The experiments were performed on a single-stage air model turbine of the impulse type. The performed experimental research proved that in a shroud clearance the pressure pulsates and the effects of the nozzle trailing edge thickness as well as the influence of the rotor blades are observed. The exemplary results...
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ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MINERAL OIL WITH ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE LUBRICANTS IN A STERN TUBE BEARING: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEARING PERFORMANCE
PublicationT his study compares the performance of a plain bearing, with a similar structure to a tail shaft stern bearing, lubricated with either mineral oil or an environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL). The main characteristic of the bearing is its length/diameter ratio of <1. Measurements are carried out with the bearing operating under loads from 0.5 to 1 MPa and seven speeds ranging from 1 to 11 rev/s. The bearing lubricated...
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Satellite pump and motor
PublicationThe article describe the design and operation of a prototype of satellite pump and a prototype of satellite motor. In both machines, the operating mechanism consists of a non-circular gear with external teeth (rotor), non-circular gear with internal teeth (curvature), and ten gear wheels which cooperate with the rotor and the curvature. The differences between the commutation unit in the pump and the commutation unit in the motor...
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THE INFLUENCE OF HOUSING ARRANGEMENT AND INTERFERENCE ON PRELOAD AND THEORETICAL LIFETIME OF A SYSTEM OF TAPER ROLLER BEARINGS OF A HIGH SPEED SHAFT OF A WIND TURBINE GEARBOX
PublicationA system of two taper roller bearings can carry loads with a high ratio of axial load to radial load. Such a system was proposed for a wind turbine gearbox following the poor durability of original bearing design with the aim of increasing durability. Because of size limits, a proposed system is composed of two different taper roller bearings. Standard manufacturers’ catalogues do not provide information on recommended preload...
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Funkcjonowanie zespołów napędu hydraulicznego maszyn w niskich temperaturach otoczenia
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono cztery warianty klasyfikacji rozruchów oziębionego napędu hydraulicznego. Pierwsza sytuacja dotyczy zagadnienia, w którym wszystkie zespoły układu napędowego wraz z olejem mają taką samą niską temperaturę podczas rozruchu. Pozostałe warianty odnoszą się do rozruchu w warunkach szoku termicznego wywołanych zasilaniem ciepłym czynnikiem roboczym oziębionych zespołów hydraulicznych. Rozruch zespołów...
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The efficiency of turbomachinery in the zero-and three-dimensional approaches
PublicationEfficiency of turbomachinery is usually defined using an isentropic process. This approach provides a reliable reference point only when pressure and temperature measurements are available, e.g. at the casing inlet and outlet. In the case of a single stage internal efficiency determination the reference point is difficult. Computational fluid dynamics allows for an exact calculation of values of losses occurring in a turbine...
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Influence of type of material on performance of hydraulic components in thermal shock conditions
PublicationDuring the start-up of a hydraulic system in low ambient temperatures an incorrect operation may occur. The principles and conditions of safely operating hydraulic driven machines and devices are essential to designers and operators. For this reason the author of this article has conducted a series of tests on hydraulic components and systems in thermal shock conditions (cooled-down components were supplied with hot working medium)....
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Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Microbiological Etiology, Potential Genetic Markers, and Diagnosis
PublicationChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant public health problem. Bacterial colonization and impaired mucociliary clearance play a significant role in the inflammatory process. Several inflammatory pathways and host defense elements are altered in CRS, which may contribute to observed differences in the microbiome. To date, researching CRS has been difficult due to limited access to the studied tissue and a lack of available...
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Qualification of brazing procedure for furnace brazing of austenitic steel according to requirements of the ASME BPVC section IX
PublicationThe article presents the procedure for qualifying brazing technology in a vacuum furnace on the example of stainless steel elements joined with copper filler material from the F-No group. 105, in accordance with the ASME Sec. IX, part QB (ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Qualification Standard for Welding, Brazing and Fusing; Procedures; Welders; Brazers; and Welding, Brazing and Fusing Operators). The essential variables...
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OPERATING CONDITIONS OF SLIDE BEARINGS OF MILLS USED IN KGHM POLSKA MIEDŹ S.A.
PublicationThe paper contains the results from a tec hnical analysis of the conditions of the operation of hydrodynamic bearings supporting the drums of ore processing mills at KGHM Polska Mied ź S.A. A theoretical analysis was performed on the grounds of onsite examination and measurem ents of principal dimensions of the bearings of interest. The computer simulation covered the characteristics of the oil film in the bearings...
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Metodyka badań rozwojowych nowego typu silników i pomp satelitowych
PublicationResearch and development of new type satellite motors and satellite pumps SM with small geometrical displacement, from 5 to 73 cm3/rev, has been conducted in cooperation with Stosowanie Maszyn company from Katowice (manufacturer of motors and pump SM). The improvement of construction of those machines, especially construction of axial compensation and construction of fluid distribution channels have been the main problem of research...
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Explanation of Reduction of Pressure Forces in Turbine Chamber Seals
PublicationThe paper describes a chamber seal reducing the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. Asymmetrical pressure distribution (due to rotor-stator eccentricity) in the blade tip clearance leads to the creation of pressure forces acting on the blade shroud. By increasing the volume above the shroud, the pressure distribution becomes more uniform on the whole shroud circumference and the effect of rotor eccentricity is reduced....
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Explanation of Reduction of Pressure Forces in Turbine Chamber Seals
PublicationThe paper describes a chamber seal reducing the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. Asymmetrical pressure distribution (due to rotor-stator eccentricity) in the blade tip clearance leads to the creation of pressure forces acting on the blade shroud. By increasing the volume above the shroud, the pressure distribution becomes more uniform on the whole shroud circumference and the effect of rotor eccentricity is reduced....
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Influence of the low ambient temperature on the start-up process of hydraulic pumps
PublicationStarting hydraulic pumps in low ambient temperatures may cause: decreased hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, larger vibration of hydraulic installation, faster wear and more frequent damage to the elements of pumps, change of material properties of elements, increase of pressure drop. As a result of pressure drop in the suction pipe, large underpressure may be experienced, causing incomplete filling of pump working chambers with...
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Analysis of the Dynamic Height Distribution at the Estuary of the Odra River Based on Gravimetric Measurements Acquired with the Use of a Light Survey Boat—A Case Study
PublicationLaCoste) for determining the dynamic height along the Odra River, in northwest Poland. The gravity measurement campaign described in this article was conducted on a small, hybrid-powered survey vessel (overall length: 9.5 m). We discuss a method for processing the results of gravimetric measurements performed on a mobile platform affected by strong external disturbances. Because measurement noise in most cases consists of signals...
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PROBLEMS OF THE STARTING AND OPERATING OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (PART IV) MODELLING THE HEATING PROCESS AND DETERMINING THE SERVICEABILITY OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS DURING THE STARTING-UP IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
PublicationDesigners of hydraulically driven machines and devices are obliged to ensure during design process their high service life with taking into account their operational conditions. Some of the machines may be started in low ambient temperature and even in thermal shock conditions (due to delivering hot working medium to cold components). In order to put such devices into operation appropriate investigations, including experimental...
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ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА И ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА
PublicationПосле получения независимости в начале 90-х годов XX в. Республика Азербайджан подписала более пятидесяти договоров с международными организациями. В 1991 г. государство установило контакты с Европейским союзом в ходе реализации проектов в рамках программы TACIS, предназначенной для стран СНГ. Экономические контакты между партнерами активизировались, благодаря подписанию и вступлению в силу в 1999 г. Соглашения о партнерстве и...
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Synthesis, Chemical Characterization and Multiscale Biological Evaluation of a dimericcRGD Peptide for Targeted Imaging of αVβ3 Integrin Activity
PublicationCyclic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence have been shown to specifically bind the angiogenesis biomarker α V β3 integrin. We report the synthesis, chemical characterization, and biological evaluation of two novel dimeric cyclic RGD-based molecular probes for the targeted imaging of α V β3 activity (a radiolabeled version, 64Cu-NOTA-PEG4-cRGD2, for PET imaging, and a fluorescent version, FITC-PEG4-cRGD2, for in...
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Big Beautiful Buildings: Eine Schönheit, viele Maßstäbe - urbane Landschaften der Nachkriegsmoderne in Europa / Big Beautiful Buildings: one beauty, many scales - urban landscapes of the post-war modernism across Europe
PublicationMassive urbanization in Europe is not a phenomenon that began only in the 20th century. The roots of this process can be traced back two centuries. With the end of the Second World War the specific conjunction of powerful forces together changed the landscape of European cities. Urbanization was undoubtedly one of them. Among other factors, Musterd and van Kempen (2005) correctly itemized not only objective processes that can be...
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Novel insights into conjugation of antitumor-active unsymmetrical bisacridine C-2028 with glutathione: characteristics of non-enzymatic and glutathione S-transferase-mediated reactions
PublicationUnsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) are a novel potent class of antitumor-active therapeutics. A significant route of phase II drug metabolism is conjugation with glutathione (GSH), which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyzed by GSH-dependent enzymes. The aim of this work was to investigate the GSH-mediated metabolic pathway of a representative UA, C 2028. GSH supplemented incubations of C-2028 with rat, but not with human, liver...
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The effect of road restraint systems on the level of road safety - Polish experience
PublicationRoadside accidents happen when a vehicle runs off the road. The majority of these accidents are very severe because leaving the road is usually followed by hitting a solid obstacle (tree, pole, support, culvert front wall, barrier). Roadsides are some of the most important issues of road safety. They have been studied for years to identify roadside hazards and the effectiveness of road safety measures such as restraint systems....
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Computer controlled systems - 2022/2023
e-Learning Coursesmateriały wspierające wykład na studiach II stopnia na kierunku ACR pod tytułem komputerowe systemy automatyki 1. Computer system – controlled plant interfacing technique; simple interfacing and with both side acknowledgement; ideas, algorithms, acknowledge passing. 2. Methods of acknowledgement passing: software checking and passing, using interrupt techniques, using readiness checking (ready – wait lines). The best solution...
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CCS-lecture-2023-2024
e-Learning Coursesmateriały wspierające wykład na studiach II stopnia na kierunku ACR pod tytułem komputerowe systemy automatyki 1. Computer system – controlled plant interfacing technique; simple interfacing and with both side acknowledgement; ideas, algorithms, acknowledge passing. 2. Methods of acknowledgement passing: software checking and passing, using interrupt techniques, using readiness checking (ready – wait lines). The best solution optimization...