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wszystkich: 238
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: HARD CARBON
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Wpływ współczynnika promienia walca i stosunku grubości warstw na odkształ- cenie warstwy twardej. The influence of radius of rolls coefficient and re-lations of thickness layers at the deformation of hard layers of bimetalic plate
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono analizę numeryczną walcowania blachy platerowanej 18 G2A i 0H18N10T. Wytwarzanie blach dwuwarstwowych jest procesem trudnym do rozwiązania na drodze teoretycznej. Do analizy procesu wykorzystano program Forge 2 oparty na teorii elementów skończonych. Artykuł przedstawia wpływ wartości współczynnika promienia walcaH/R i stosunku grubości warstw HT/HM na charakter rozkładu odkształceń blachy dwuwarstwowej.
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"Raport z wstępnych badań własności stali trudnościeralnej 460HB",. ang "Report on preliminary tests of the properties of wear-resistant steel 460HB"
PublikacjaMikrostrukturę badanej stali trudnościeralnej 460HB stanowi drobnoziarnisty martenzyt odpuszczony, który jest właściwy dla stali konstrukcyjnych niskowęglowych, niskostopowych ulepszonych cieplnie. W przypadku blach grubych, do których zalicza się badana stal, struktura może ulec zaburzeniu, jeżeli w hutniczym procesie wytwórczym wystąpiła niejednorodność odkształcenia plastycznego i w konsekwencji tworzenie się pasm segregacyjnych,...
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Tilting pad thrust bearing with novel material selection - experimental comparison of low and medium speed operation
PublikacjaThe advances in material engineering led to the development of hard carbon based coatings applied in numerous applications in order to prevent or minimize wear of the parts in contact. With Triondur® coatings, the bearing company Schaeffler has succeeded in halving the friction losses in the valve trains of passenger cars. The coatings are optimized for high abrasive wear protection and low sliding friction moments. Altogether...
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Experimental study on the feasibility of alternative materials for tilting pad thrust bearings operating in transition to mixed friction
PublikacjaIn hydrodynamic bearings traditional bearing alloys: Babbitts and bronzes are most frequently utilized. Polymer sliding layers are sometimes applied as a valuable alternative. Hard diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, which are also considered for certain applications may show some advantages, as well. Although material selection is of secondary importance in a full film lubrication regime it becomes important in mixed friction...
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The Impact of Isocyanate Index and Filler Functionalities on the Performance of Flexible Foamed Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites
PublikacjaThe structure and performance of polyurethane (PU) foams are strongly driven by the stoichiometry of the polyaddition reaction, quantitatively described by the isocyanate index. It determines the balance between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups in the reacting system and is affected by the introduction of additional functionalities originated, e.g., from applied fillers. Nevertheless, this issue is hardly taken into account in research...
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Dedicated scheduling of tasks to minimize mean flow time
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the complexity of scheduling biprocessor tasks on dedicated processors to minimize mean flow time. Since the general problem is strongly NP-hard, we assume some restrictions on task lengths and the structure of associated scheduling graphs. Of particular interest are acyclic graphs. In this way we identify a borderline between NP-hard and polynomially solvable special cases.
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Cement kiln dust
PublikacjaThe volume of cement production in the world has remained at the level of approxi mately 4.1 billion tons/year. The cement production process is energy intensive and is the world’s leading emitter of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the main activities cement plants are aimed at introducing technologies changes in production of clinkier.The construction industry is responsible for the majority of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere: the...
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Effect of Soft Handover on the Capacity of WCMDA/FDD Interfece Using MRC RAKE Receiver in Uplink
PublikacjaIn the paper the mechanism of soft and hard hanover in UMTS is presented. Simulation tests for different services having various performance requirements and transmission rates have beeen made. Simulation results showing effect of soft handover in comparison with hard handover on the capacity of WCMDA/FDD radio interfaceare described, when the RAKE receiver with Maximal Ratio Combining has been implemented in RNC.
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Degradable poly(ester-ether) urethanes of improved surface calcium deposition developed as novel biomaterials
PublikacjaBones, which are considered as hard tissues, work as scaffold for human body. They provide physical support for muscles and protect intestinal organs. Percentage of hard tissues in human body depends on age, weight, and gender. Human skeleton consists of 206 connected bones. Therefore, it is natural that the hard-tissue damage such as fractures, osteoporosis, and congenital lack of bone may appear. The innovative way of bone healing...
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Logistyka twarda HL jako element przewagi konkurencyjnej w sferze dystrybucji
PublikacjaLogistyka została zdefiniowana jako dwuskładnikowa: miękka SL (Soft Logist) oraz twarda HL (Hard Logist). Przedstawiono zakres kompetencyjny oraz podano przykłady.
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A green route for high-performance bio-based polyurethanes synthesized from modified bio-based isocyanates
PublikacjaThe need for sustainability and a circular economy leads to the development of innovative greener materials and technologies. This paper is focused on a novel class of bio-based polyurethanes (PUs) synthesized with the use of bio-monomers including bio-based isocyanates. The novelty of this work is related to the usage of bio-based modified isocyanate via a two-step solvent-free synthesis of novel cast bio-based poly(ester-urethanes)...
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Paired domination versus domination and packing number in graphs
PublikacjaGiven a graph G = (V(G), E(G)), the size of a minimum dominating set, minimum paired dominating set, and a minimum total dominating set of a graph G are denoted by γ (G), γpr(G), and γt(G), respectively. For a positive integer k, a k-packing in G is a set S ⊆ V(G) such that for every pair of distinct vertices u and v in S, the distance between u and v is at least k + 1. The k-packing number is the order of a largest kpacking and...
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Preparation and some properties of multiblock copoly(amide-b-amide)s
PublikacjaThe paper concerns the polymers built of oligoamide hard blocks and oligoamide soft blocks (KPAA, formula I). Oligo(laurolactam) (PA12) was used as hard block and the product of reaction of dimerized fatty acid and hexamethylene diamine (PA6,36) was used as a soft one. Effects of molar ratio of these blocks on the following properties of KPAA have been investigated: limiting viscosity number ([2]), degrees of swelling in water...
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The Roughness of the Hardened Steel Surface Created by the Rolling-Burnishing Process
PublikacjaBurnishing hard materials can be used as an alternative finishing process. this paper presents the results of burnishing hardened steel. The article discusses surface deformation that occurs during this process and depends on the selected parameters of the geometric structure of the force applied for surface burnishing.
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Edge and Pair Queries-Random Graphs and Complexity
PublikacjaWe investigate two types of query games played on a graph, pair queries and edge queries. We concentrate on investigating the two associated graph parameters for binomial random graphs, and showing that determining any of the two parameters is NP-hard for bounded degree graphs.
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Thermoplastic polyurethanes derived from petrochemical or renewable resources: A comprehensive review
PublikacjaThermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) materials are obtained by the reaction of polyol (ether-, ester-, and carbonate-based diols with average molecular weight in the range from 1,000 to 3,000 g/mol) with aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates. Synthesized materials consist of the hard and soft segments which are separated in different level. All mechanical and thermal properties of TPUs depend on the chemical structure of used monomers,...
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Surface Texture Analysis of Hardened Shafts after Ceramic Ball Burnishing
PublikacjaThis article represents the results of testing the surface condition of shafts manufactured by the burnishing process. The shafts with a hardness of approximately 62 HRC (Rockwell C). were burnished with a ceramic ball (Si3N4), where the force range was controlled by the means of a hydraulic system. The machining process consisted of hard turning shafts with cubic boron nitride (CBN) inserts, followed by burnishing with the use...
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Pounding between high-rise buildings founded on different soil types
PublikacjaEarthquake-induced pounding is a phenomenon that has been often experienced in previous earthquakes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the soil type on high-rise buildings experiencing earthquake induced-pounding. Pounding between 7-storey and 9-storey buildings is examined under five soil types defined in the ASCE 7-10 code which are hard rock, rock, very dense soil and soft rock, stiff soil and soft clay soil....
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Sharp bounds for the complexity of semi-equitable coloring of cubic and subcubic graphs
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the complexity of semi-equitable k-coloring of the vertices of a cubic or subcubic graph. We show that, given n-vertex subcubic graph G, a semi-equitable k-coloring of G is NP-hard if s >= 7n/20 and polynomially solvable if s <= 7n/21, where s is the size of maximum color class of the coloring.
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Equitable coloring of graphs. Recent theoretical results and new practical algorithms
PublikacjaIn this paper we survey recent theoretical results concerning conditions for equitable colorability of some graphs and recent theoretical results concerning the complexity of equitable coloring problem. Next, since the general coloring problem is strongly NP-hard, we report on practical experiments with some efficient polynomial-time algorithms for approximate equitable coloring of general graphs.
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The influence of drying parameters on wood properties
PublikacjaThe influence of drying conditions on wood properties is presented. The classical approach was used to determine energetic effects (cutting forces and cutting power) of wood sawing process on the basis of the wood specific cutting resistance, material constant. Before mashining wood material (soft and hard) was dryied at various conditions using air at 25oC, air-steam meaxture at 80oC and steam at 110oC.
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Just look at to open it up: A biometric verification facility for password autofill to protect electronic documents
PublikacjaElectronic documents constitute specific units of information, and protecting them against unauthorized access is a challenging task. This is because a password protected document may be stolen from its host computer or intercepted while on transfer and exposed to unlimited offline attacks. The key issue is, therefore, making document passwords hard to crack. We propose to augment a common text password authentication interface...
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Research Platform for Monitoring, Control and Security of Critical Infrastructure Systems
PublikacjaSustainable operation of Critical Infrastructure Systems (CISs) is of a major concern to modern societies. Monitoring, control and security of such systems plays a key role in guaranteeing continuous, reliable and above all secure access to the resources provided by these systems. Development of adequate software and hardware structures, as well as algorithms to perform such functions cannot be done apart from the operational conditions...
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Arctic as a reservoir for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls- water samples from Foxfonna glacier
PublikacjaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls are groups of stable compounds, hard to biodegrade, potentially toxic. Their presence in Arctic environment may have a big impact on natural balance, fauna and flora. Although Arctic areas should be unpolluted, some amounts of pollutants are transferred from lower latitudes with sea currents and air masses. This paper presents the amounts of selected persistent organic...
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Affective reactions to playing digital games
PublikacjaThe paper presents a study of emotional states during a gameplay. An experiment of two-player Tetris game is reported, followed by the analysis of the results - self-reported emotional states as well as physiological signals measurements interpretation. The study reveals the diversity of emotional reactions and concludes, that a representative player's emotional model is hard to define. Instead, an adaptive approach to emotion...
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Scheduling of unit-length jobs with cubic incompatibility graphs on three uniform machines
PublikacjaWe consider the problem of scheduling n identical jobs on 3 uniform machines with speeds s1, s2, and s3 to minimize the schedule length. We assume that jobs are subject to some kind of mutual exclusion constraints, modeled by a cubic incompatibility graph. We how that if the graph is 2-chromatic then the problem can be solved in O(n^2) time. If the graph is 3-chromatic, the problem becomes NP-hard even if s1>s2=s3.
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The sources of contamination and reasons of damage of the flow part of the marine turbine engine in operation
PublikacjaThe aim of this paperis to show particular sensitivity of the flow part of the marine turbine engine to the presence of contaminations in the intake air. The contaminations form hard-to-remove deposits in the intervene channels that result in a reduced efficiency and performance of the engine. The paper classifies the contaminants according the source of their formation and their destructive force. The performed analyses and syntheses...
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S&YP + Mentors + Peace + Love = Science and Growing
PublikacjaIn this extraordinarily difficult time, we understand better that only peace, love, and cooperation are the keys to growing in technology for humanity. Let us learn from our mentors how they grow from their hard work and international cooperation. Thanks to Prof. Giuseppe Buja and Prof. Zbigniew Krzemiński, we have unique schools of adjustable speed drives that are helping people convert electrical to mechanical power and vice...
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Torsional earthquake-induced pounding between adjacent buildings founded on different soil types
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the effect of the soil type on the torsional response of build- ings experiencing torsional pounding due to earthquake excitations. Six buildings (one 4-storey building and five 6-storey buildings) with different configurations have been considered. First, pounding between different structures has been analysed for a specified soil type and the effect of the torsional pounding and the contact asymmetry on...
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GreedyMAX-type Algorithms for the Maximum Independent Set Problem
PublikacjaA maximum independent set problem for a simple graph G = (V,E) is to find the largest subset of pairwise nonadjacent vertices. The problem is known to be NP-hard and it is also hard to approximate. Within this article we introduce a non-negative integer valued functionp defined on the vertex set V(G) and called a potential function of agraph G, while P(G) = max{vinV(G)| p(v)} is called a potential of G. For any graph P(G) <= D(G),...
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A palatal prosthesis from archaeological research in the St Francis of Assisi church in Cracow (Poland)
PublikacjaThe hard palate is a septum that not only prevents food from entering between the oral and nasal cavity, but also plays an important role during breathing or speech. The presence of cavities within it negatively affects the comfort of life of people with this type of impairment. Hence, in the literature one can find examples of the use of hard palate prostheses to restore the separation between the nasal and oral cavity. During...
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A Critical Reanalysis of Uncontrollable Washboarding Phenomenon in Metal Band Sawing
PublikacjaThe article analyzes the cutting process of hard bars. Investigations conducted in industrial conditions demonstrated the presence of surface errors in the machined workpieces in the form of washboard patterns. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of cutting on band sawing machines with different band saw blades. The cutting processes were conducted on three different horizontal band sawing machine types. Analyzed...
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Fuzzy Methods and Models for a Team-Building Process
PublikacjaThis chapter contains an introduction to fuzzy-logic model-based approaches for a team-building process. Such appraches allow extending typical recruiting practice and selection processes to enable a wider and more precise assessment of a new team and/or existing team members, taking into account both their hard and soft skills. Moreover, as effectiveness of teams depends on the interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence...
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Application of Majority Voting Protocols to Supporting Trading Decisions
PublikacjaA broad spectrum of analysis and prediction indicators and methods exists to support trading decisions, but no hard knowledge exist to tell in advance which of them will fit best in a given timeframe. To support trading decisions, a multi-agent self-organizing system has been proposed. The system is based on history based dynamic weight voting and selects the right indicators based on their past performance. The formal analysis...
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APPLICATION OF MAJORITY VOTING PROTOCOLS TO SUPPORTING TRADING DECISIONS
PublikacjaA broad spectrum of analysis and prediction indicators and methods exists to support trading decisions, but no hard knowledge exist to tell in advance which of them will fit best in a given timeframe. To support trading decisions, a multi-agent self-organizing system has been proposed. The system is based on history based dynamic weight voting and selects the right indicators based on their past performance. The formal analysis...
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Efficient quadrature for fast oscillating integralof paraxial optics
PublikacjaThe study concerns the determination of quadrature for the integral solutionof the paraxial wave equation. The difficulty in computation of the integral isassociated with the rapid change of the integrand phase. The developed quadraturetakes into account the fast oscillating character of the integrand. The presentedmethod is an alternative to the commonly used methods based on the use of theFourier transform. The determination...
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The influence of chemical composition of amide block on the thermal properties and structure of terpoly(ester-b-ether-b-amide) elastomers
PublikacjaMultiblock terpolymers-(PBT-b-PTMO-b-PA12,10)(n)- constituting the polymer systems, in which one of the three blocks (PBT) does not dissolve in PA12,10 block (hard phase) and, depending on its molecular weight is slightly soluble in PTMO block (soft phase), have been obtained. The DSC method was applied to investigate the thermal properties of these polymers and it was found that PBT block acts as an element that produces stiffness...
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Chromatic cost coloring of weighted bipartite graphs
PublikacjaGiven a graph G and a sequence of color costs C, the Cost Coloring optimization problem consists in finding a coloring of G with the smallest total cost with respect to C. We present an analysis of this problem with respect to weighted bipartite graphs. We specify for which finite sequences of color costs the problem is NP-hard and we present an exact polynomial algorithm for the other finite sequences. These results are then extended...
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The methodology for determining of the value of cutting power for cross cutting on optimizing sawing machine
PublikacjaIn the article the methodology of forecasting the energy effects of the cross-cutting process using the classical method, which takes into account the specific cutting resistance, is presented. The values of cutting power for the cross-cutting process of two types of wood (softwood and hardwood) were forecasted for the optimizing sawing machine with using presented methodology. The cross-cutting process with high values of feed...
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Approximation Strategies for Generalized Binary Search in Weighted Trees
PublikacjaWe consider the following generalization of the binary search problem. A search strategy is required to locate an unknown target node t in a given tree T. Upon querying a node v of the tree, the strategy receives as a reply an indication of the connected component of T\{v} containing the target t. The cost of querying each node is given by a known non-negative weight function, and the considered objective is to minimize the total...
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Incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment of buildings founded on different soil types experiencing structural pounding during earthquakes
PublikacjaThe effect of the soil type on buildings experiencing pounding during earthquakes is investigated in this study using the incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment methods. Three 3-D structures with different number of storeys (4, 6 and 8) were considered in this study. Three pounding scenarios between these three buildings were taken into account, i.e. pounding between 4-storey and 6-storey buildings, between 4-storey...
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Progress on Roman and Weakly Connected Roman Graphs
PublikacjaA graph G for which γR(G)=2γ(G) is the Roman graph, and if γwcR(G)=2γwc(G), then G is the weakly connected Roman graph. In this paper, we show that the decision problem of whether a bipartite graph is Roman is a co-NP-hard problem. Next, we prove similar results for weakly connected Roman graphs. We also study Roman trees improving the result of M.A. Henning’s A characterization of Roman trees, Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 22 (2002)....
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A graph coloring approach to scheduling of multiprocessor tasks on dedicated machines with availability constraints
PublikacjaWe address a generalization of the classical 1- and 2-processor unit execution time scheduling problem on dedicated machines. In our chromatic model of scheduling machines have non-simultaneous availability times and tasks have arbitrary release times and due dates. Also, the versatility of our approach makes it possible to generalize all known classical criteria of optimality. Under these stipulations we show that the problem...
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Weldability of S500MC Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublikacjaWet welding with the use of covered electrodes is one of the methods of underwater welding. This method is the oldest, the most economic and the most versatile. The main difficulties during underwater wet welding are: high cooling rates of the joint, the presence of hydrogen in the arc area and formation of hard martensitic structure in the weld. These phenomena are often accompanied by porosity of welds and large number of spatters,...
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Scheduling of unit-length jobs with bipartite incompatibility graphs on four uniform machines
PublikacjaThe problem of scheduling n identical jobs on 4 uniform machines with speeds s1>=s2>=s3>=s4 is considered.The aim is to find a schedule with minimum possible length. We assume that jobs are subject to mutual exclusion constraints modeled by a bipartite incompatibility graph of degree delta. We show that the general problem is NP-hard even if s1=s2=s3. If, however, delta<5 and s1>12s2 s2=s3=s4, then the problem can be solved to...
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Weighted 2-sections and hypergraph reconstruction
PublikacjaIn the paper we introduce the notion of weighted 2-sections of hypergraphs with integer weights and study the following hypergraph reconstruction problems: (1) Given a weighted graph , is there a hypergraph H such that is its weighted 2-section? (2) Given a weighted 2-section , find a hypergraph H such that is its weighted 2-section. We show that (1) is NP-hard even if G is a complete graph or integer weights w does not exceed...
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Scheduling of identical jobs with bipartite incompatibility graphs on uniform machines. Computational experiments
PublikacjaWe consider the problem of scheduling unit-length jobs on three or four uniform parallel machines to minimize the schedule length or total completion time. We assume that the jobs are subject to some types of mutual exclusion constraints, modeled by a bipartite graph of a bounded degree. The edges of the graph correspond to the pairs of jobs that cannot be processed on the same machine. Although the problem is generally NP-hard,...
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A FPTAS for minimizing total completion time in a single machine time-dependent scheduling problem
PublikacjaIn this paper a single machine time-dependent scheduling problem with total completion time criterion is considered. There are given n jobs J1,…,Jn and the processing time pi of the ith job is given by pi=a+bisi, where si is the starting time of the ith job (i=1,…,n),bi is its deterioration rate and a is the common base processing time. If all jobs have deterioration rates different and not smaller than a certain constant u>0,...
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Analysis of the dynamic influences on the Lowland Gate in Gdańsk
PublikacjaThe Lowland Gate has been built in 1626. It is one of the best-preserved historical buildings in Gdansk. The structure is still of the city's infrastructural importance as through it goes a road connecting two districts. The Gate is now so neglected that it is hard to appreciate its value. The main purpose of the investigation carried out was to determine the harmfulness of the traffic on the structure as well as the reasons of...
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Thermoplastic polyurethane/(organically modified montmorillonite) nanocomposites produced by in situ polymerization
PublikacjaA series of polyurethane nanocomposites were synthesized from thermoplastic polyurethanes (with different hard segment ratios) and two types of organically modified montmorillonites (OMMT) - Cloisite® 10A and Cloisite® 20A. The thermal behavior was examined by non-isothermal thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic-Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). The results of X-ray analyses showed that...