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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES OF ELECTRICAL AND NON-ELECTRICAL VALUES
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On the Nonlinear Effects of Magnetoacoustic Perturbations in a Perfectly Conducting Viscous and Thermoconducting Gas
PublikacjaNonlinear effects of planar and quasi-planar magnetosound perturbations are discussed. The plasma is as- sumed to be a Newtonian thermoconducting gas with infinite electrical conductivity permeated by a magnetic field orthogonal to the trajectories of gas particles. Generation of the non-wave modes (magnetoacoustic heating and streaming) in the field of periodic and aperiodic magnetoacoustic perturbations is discussed. The results...
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Electrical Simulations of the SIS100 Superconducting Dipole and Quadrupole Circuits: Transients, Earthing and Failure Modes
PublikacjaThe 100 Tm superconducting synchrotron SIS100 is the main accelerator of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) currently under advanced construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The SIS100 dipole circuit which creates the magnetic field required to bend the beam, consists of 108 dipoles distributed over six arc sections of the ring. The magnetic field for the beam focusing is generated by three individual...
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Fiber-optic sensors based on microspheres with nanocoatings (Zastosowanie mikrosfer optycznych z cienkowarstwowymi pokryciami w czujnikach światłowodowych)
PublikacjaTemperature is one of the most important physical quantities. Temperature measurements are used in every field of life, especially electronics, electrical engineering, energy-related fields, including energy source and storage devices. The goal of this dissertation is to design and optimize the microsphere-based fiber-optic sensors construction for measurement of the sensor surrounding medium temperature, including selection of...
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Implementation of Extended Kalman Filter with Optimized Execution Time for Sensorless Control of a PMSM Using ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontroller
PublikacjaThis paper addresses the implementation and optimization of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) sensorless control using an ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. A various optimization levels based on arithmetic calculation reduction was implemented in ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The execution time of EKF estimator was reduced from 260.4 μs to 37.7 μs without loss of accuracy. To further...
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MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ALUMINA AND TITANIA THERMAL OIL NANOFLUIDS
PublikacjaIn this study results of simultaneous measurements of dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH of two nanofluids, i.e. thermal oil/Al2O3 and thermal oil/TiO2 are presented. Thermal oil is selected as a base liquid because of possible application in ORC systems as an intermediate heating agent. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.1%, 1% and 5% by weight within temperature range from...
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High-temperature oxidation of the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel with Mn1.45Co1.45Fe0.1O4 and Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel coatings under thermal cycling conditions and its properties
PublikacjaThe aim of the presented study was to deposit protective-conducting Mn1.45Co1.45Fe0.1O4 and Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel coatings on the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel by means of electrophoresis and to evaluate their physicochemical properties after high-temperature oxidation under thermal cycling conditions. When the Crofer 22 H steel – whether uncoated or coated with the two spinels – was oxidized in 48-h cycles involving a temperature of...
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Influence of vacuum sublimation deposited metal layer thickness on metrological parameters of the amperometric gas sensor with Nafion membrane
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of investigation on an influence of vacuum sublimation deposited platinum layer thickness on the signal, sensitivity and response time of a prototype of sulphur dioxide sensor with Nafion membrane. The working electrode was made by vacuum sublimation deposition of platinum on a surface of Nafion membrane. Pt layers deposited changed an initial structure of Nafion membrane and that phenomenon was utilized...
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The effect of boron concentration on the electrical, morphological and optical properties of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond sheets: Tuning the diamond-on-graphene vertical junction
PublikacjaIn this paper, the effect of boron doping on the electrical, morphological and structural properties of free-standing nanocrystalline diamond sheets (thickness ~ 1 μm) was investigated. For this purpose, we used diamond films delaminated from a mirror-polished tantalum substrate following a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process, each grown with a different [B]/[C] ratio (up to 20,000 ppm) in the gas phase....
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Time-current tripping characteristics of RCDs for sinusoidal testing current
PublikacjaLow-voltage electrical installations are verified initially – before being put into operation, as well as periodically – during their utilization. According to the IEC standards, the scope of the verification includes measurements of both the tripping current and the disconnection time of residual current devices (RCDs). Experiences in RCDs testing show that disconnection times of two or more similar RCDs can be quite different....
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Analysis of electricity generation variability in 2019 with special consideration of electrical energy generation from wind sources.
PublikacjaThis article presents issues related to the broadly understood development of wind energy. The state of the art of wind energy in the world has been discussed. This paper also shows issues related to factors affecting the development of renewable energy sources and their impact on the natural environment on the basis of available research. The focus is, however, on the critical analysis of phenomena in the data of the Transmission...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for High-Frequency Residual Currents
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are apparatus commonly used for protection against electric shock in low-voltage electrical installations. They protect people in the case of an earth fault or even in the case of direct contact with the live parts. However, to be effective protective devices, RCDs have to detect residual currents of various waveform shapes which appear in modern electrical installations. For this purpose, RCDs...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for high-frequency residual currents
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are apparatus commonly used for protection against electric shock in low-voltage electrical installations. They protect people in the case of an earth fault or even in the case of direct contact with the live parts. However, to be effective protective devices, RCDs have to detect residual currents of various waveform shapes which appear in modern electrical installations. For this purpose, RCDs are...
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Koncepcja i modelowanie wysokoobrotowego napędu elektrycznego turbosprężarki. Zastosowanie w ogniwach paliwowych pojazdów samochodowych
PublikacjaAbstract: Electrical vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells become a potential alternative to conventional vehicles. The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) are typical fuel cells used in fuel cell vehicle (FCV). The global efficiency of a PEM fuel cell stack is greatly impacted by the use of a motorized compressor for the air supply system. The motor-compressor set-up may consume up to 19 % of the energy supplied by the PEM fuel...
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Problems of Measuring Gas Content in Oil in a Two-Phase Flow: A Review
PublikacjaIn view of the necessity of measuring the air content in oil in two-phase flows in the context of general industry, a review of the most popular methods of measuring the air content in oil was carried out. This review includes an assessment of their advantages and disadvantages and of whether they meet criteria such as the degree of filling, the size and number of bubbles, verification, the absence of additional pressure drops,...
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Temperature distribution of supercapacitors prepared by various technologies
PublikacjaSupercapacitors, also known by different names such as electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or ultra-capacitors, are electrical storage devices still in development. These devices require fast and reliable methods of assessing their state-of-health. Thermographic imaging is a method which can be applied with this aim due to its popularity, and the high negative impact of overheating on a supercapacitor’s parameters. Moreover,...
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Reliable computationally-efficient behavioral modeling of microwave passives using deep learning surrogates in confined domains
PublikacjaThe importance of surrogate modeling techniques has been steadily growing over the recent years in high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering. Fast metamodels are employed to speedup design processes, especially those conducted at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The surrogates enable massive system evaluations at nearly EM accuracy and negligible costs, which is invaluable in parameter...
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Detection of inter-turn faults in transformer winding using the capacitor discharge method
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of an analysis of inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current waveforms of a capacitor discharge through transformer windings. The research was conducted in the frame of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research project which goal is to build a new international accelerator facility that utilizes superconducting magnets. For the sake of electrical quality assurance of the superconducting magnet...
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Assessment of the factors influencing on the formation of energy-oriented modes of electric power consumption by water-drainage installations of the mines
PublikacjaPurpose. Performing the analysis to determine energy-efficient modes and assess the characteristics of the main indicators of electric power consumption by mine water-drainage installations based on the developed research mathematical model. Methods. To achieve the purpose set, a methodology is used to develop the multiple multifactor correlation-regression modeling with respect to the modes of electric power consumption by electrical...
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The σ-phase superconductors Nb20.4Rh5.7Ge3.9 and Nb20.4Rh5.7Si3.9
PublikacjaWe show that the previously unreported ternary σ phases Nb20.4Rh5.7Ge3.9 and Nb20.4Rh5.7Si3.9 are both superconductors with Tc values of approximately 1.9 K. The superconducting transitions were characterized through temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistance, and specific heat measurements. The Sommerfeld constants, γ, for Nb20.4Rh5.7Ge3.9 and Nb20.4Rh5.7Si3.9 are 89(1) mJ mol-f.u.−1K−2 and 86(1) mJ mol-f.u.−1K−2...
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DC and AC Conductivity, Biosolubility and Thermal Properties of Mg-Doped Na2O–CaO–P2O5 Glasses
PublikacjaBioactive glasses have recently been extensively used to replace, regenerate, and repair hard tissues in the human body because of their ability to bond with living tissue. In this work, the effects of replacing Na2O with MgO on the electrical, biosolubility, and thermal properties of the target glass 10Na2O–60P2O5–30CaO (in mol%) were investigated. The electrical properties of the glasses were studied with the impedance spectroscopy...
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Increasing the conductivity of V2O5-TeO2 glass by crystallization: structure and charge transfer studies
PublikacjaIn the present paper, V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass was prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Crystallization of glass with a vanadium content higher than 35%mol results in an increase in electrical conductivity by a few orders of magnitude and a decrease in activation energy from ~0.40 to ~0.12 eV. In this work, a critical review of existing charge transfer models was presented on the example of V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass and glass–ceramics....
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Physicochemical properties of Mn1.45Co1.45Cu0.1O4 spinel coating deposited on the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel and exposed to high-temperature oxidation under thermal cycling conditions
PublikacjaThe Crofer 22 H ferritic steel substrate was coated with an Mn1.45Co1.45Cu0.1O4 spinel by means of electrophoresis. After high-temperature oxidation under thermal cycling conditions, the physicochemical properties of the obtained system were evaluated. During 48-h cycles that involved heating the samples up to temperatures of either 750 or 800 °C, the oxidation kinetics of both coated and unmodified steel approximately obeyed...
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Non-Contact Monitoring of ECG in the Home Environment—Selecting Optimal Electrode Configuration
PublikacjaCapacitive electrocardiography (cECG) is most often used in wearable or embedded measurement systems. The latter is considered in the paper. An optimal electrocardiographic lead, as an individual feature, was determined based on model studies. It was defined as the possibly highest value of the R-wave amplitude measured on the back of the examined person. The lead configuration was also analyzed in terms of minimizing its susceptibility...
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Evaluation of Praseodymium and Gadolinium Doped Ceria as a Possible Barrier Layer Material for Solid Oxide Cells
PublikacjaIn this work, nanocrystalline layers based on the Pr, Gd co-doped CeO2 were investigated. For the preparation of thin layers, lowtemperature spray pyrolysis technique was used. Different stoichiometries of the layers were produced for comparison on polished sapphire substrates. The microstructure of the prepared thin layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD)....
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Low temperature deposition of dense MnCo 2 O 4 protective coatings for steel interconnects of solid oxide cells
PublikacjaIn this work manganese cobalt spinel (MnCo2O4) coatings were deposited on steel substrates by spray pyrolysis at 390 °C. This is at much lower temperatures than previously reported (typically in excess of 900 °C). It was possible to produce coatings with well controlled thickness (2-5-10 μm). The as-deposited coatings were evaluated for their microstructural changes and electrical conductivity up to 800 °C. Results confirm the...
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Multispectral impedance quality testing of coil-coating system using principal component analysis
PublikacjaThe task of quality checking of the coil-coated system was undertaken using impedance spectroscopy. In order to properly characterize the system the new impedance spectrum was calculated as an averaged result of 12 experimental spectra obtained from 12 different places of the sample at the same time of immersion in 3% of NaCl. The experimental spectra were recorded for a 24-h period at 1 h intervals between starting points of each...
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The Influence of Iron Doping on Performance of SrTi1-XFexO3-δ Perovskite Oxygen Electrode for SOFC
PublikacjaSolid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are based on electrolytes and mixed ionic and electronic conductivity (MIEC) materials. The need to reduce costs causes an increase in interest of new compounds suitable for operating temperatures between 600 °C and 800 °C. The SrTi1-xFexO3 (STF) perovskite material is a perspective material that could be used for the oxygen electrodes. In this work STF materials with different content of iron (x =...
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The properties of reduced Bi-Ge-O glasses for thermoelectric devices
PublikacjaThe bismuth-germanate glasses have been investigated to examine their applicability for thermoelectric devices. In order to increase their electrical conductivity, the 25Bi2O3–75GeO2 glass samples have been reduced at 340-380°C for 10 hours in hydrogen. It has been shown that such heat treatment in H2 leads to the reduction of metal ions Bi3+ and Ge4+ into neutral atoms and the formation of metal grains both in an amorphous glass...
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The comparison of SrTi0.98Nb0.02O3–δ-CeO2 and SrTi0.98Nb0.02O3–δ-YSZ composites for use in SOFC anodes
PublikacjaComposites of Nb-doped strontium titanate mixed with yttria-stabilized zirconia or cerium oxide in 50:50, 70:30 and 85:15 weight ratios were evaluated as possible anode/electrolyte interface materials for solid oxide fuel cells in terms of chemical compatibility, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. It has been shown that composite samples prepared by typical powder-mixing methods remain single-phase up to 1400°C....
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Integration of Fluorescent, NV-Rich Nanodiamond Particles with AFM Cantilevers by Focused Ion Beam for Hybrid Optical and Micromechanical Devices
PublikacjaIn this paper, a novel fabrication technology of atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes integrating cantilever tips with an NV-rich diamond particle is presented. Nanomanipulation techniques combined with the focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) procedure were applied to position the NV-rich diamond particle on an AFM cantilever tip. Ultrasonic treatment of nanodiamond suspension was applied to reduce the size of diamond...
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Performance of acicular grindable thermocouples for temperature measurements at sliding contacts
PublikacjaThe present study investigates the performance of acicular grindable thermocouples based on a constantan wire / steel hollow cylinder construction. The experiments showed that the measuring junction electrical resistance, temperature–voltage characteristic, measuring junction rise time and signal noise standard deviation of the acicular thermocouples are comparable to those of conventional J-type thermocouples with bare wire diameter...
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Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond-coated MEMS probes
PublikacjaFabrication processes of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) films on silicon-based micro- and nano-electromechanical structures have been investigated. Nanocrystalline boron doped -diamond (B-NCD) films were deposited using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (MW PA CVD) method. The variation of B-NCD morphology, structure and optical parameters were particularly investigated. The use of truncated...
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Polarization-dependent optical absorption in phosphorene flakes
PublikacjaThe interest of 2D materials is constantly increasing because of their very attractive mechanical, electrical and optical parameters. They have been used in many applications, e.g. photodetectors, sensors, modulators, insulators. One of the recently discovered 2D materials is phosphorene. In contrast to graphene, phosphorene has a direct bandgap tuned by numbers of layers in the 2D structure. The phosphorene flakes are strongly...
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On analog comparators for CMOS digital pixel applications. A comparative study
PublikacjaVoltage comparator is the only – apart from the light-to-voltage converter – analog component in the digital CMOS pixel. In this work, the influence of the analog comparator nonidealities on the performance of the digital pixel has been investigated. In particular, two versions of the digital pixel have been designed in 0.35 μm CMOS technology, each using a different type of analog comparator. The properties of both versions have...
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RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS DOPING OF BARIUM CERATE AND ZIRCONATE SOLID SOLUTION
PublikacjaThe properties of doped barium cerate barium zirconate solid solution are presented in presented work. It was found that doping of solid solution of barium cerate and zirconate by rare-earth elements have an influence on microstructure and electrical properties of the samples.
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Cardiovascular data analysis using electronic wearable eyeglasses-preliminary study
Publikacjahe paper presents an alternative approach to the monitoring of the cardiovascular system. The study depicts configurations of the utilized system and preliminary results of electrical and mechanical parameters of the cardiac system which can be measured using a head-worn device.
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Corrosion Study of Ceria Protective Layer Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis on Steel Interconnects
PublikacjaSingle fuel cells and electrolysis cells are assembled into stacks using interconnects in order to increase power and gas production capacity. The most common choice for the interconnect material is stainless steel. It has good electrical and mechanical properties and is also cost effective. One of the problems when using steel is the formation of a thermally grown oxide scale during use which has a lower electrical conductivity...
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Remarks on the Subject of Back-Up Protection of Residual Current Devices
PublikacjaResidual current devices without integral overcurrent protection (RCCBs) are back-up protected by fuses or miniature circuit-breakers (MCBs). If the latter are used, special attention must be given to the coordination between an RCCB and an MCB. This paper indicates probable cases of the aforementioned devices coordination, in which back-up protection of the RCCB is not adequate. A laboratory test has shown that depending on the...
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Cleaner energy for sustainable future using hybrid photovoltaics-thermoelectric generators system under non-static conditions using machine learning based control technique
PublikacjaIn addition to the load demand, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) module determines the output power for thermoelectric generator systems. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is needed to track the optimal global power point as operating conditions change. The growing use of electricity and the decline in the use of fossil fuels have sparked interest in photovoltaic-TEG...
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APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL FEATURES AND MULTILAYER NEURAL NETWORK TO AUTOMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF ARRHYTHMIA BY ECG SIGNALS
PublikacjaAbnormal electrical activity of heart can produce a cardiac arrhythmia. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive technique which is used as a diagnostic tool for cardiac diseases. Non-stationarity and irregu- larity of heartbeat signal imposes many difficulties to clinicians (e.g., in the case of myocardial infarction arrhythmia). Fortunately, signal processing algorithms can expose hidden information within ECG signal contaminated...
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Gigantic electro-chemo-mechanical properties of nanostructured praseodymium doped ceria
PublikacjaSome oxygen defective fluorites are non-Newnham electrostrictors, i.e., the electromechanical response does not depend on their dielectric properties. Here, we show gigantic electrostriction in nanocrystalline 25 mol% praseodymium doped ceria (PCO) bulk ceramics. The material was fabricated with a fieldassisted spark plasma sintering (SPS) process from high-purity nanoscale PCO powders (<20 nm). The SPS process consolidates the...
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Mixed ionic-electronic conductivity and structural properties of strontium-borate glass containing nanocrystallites of Bi2 VO5.5
PublikacjaSamples of strontium borate glass containing bismuth vanadate nanocrystallites were prepared. Nanocomposites containing up to 45mol% of the Bi2VO5.5 phase exhibit electrical properties closer to the strontium-borate glass than to the ferroelectric Bi2VO5.5 ceramic. The glass matrix still may contain some part of bismuth and vanadium ions even after crystallization process and there is too little of crystalline phase to observe...
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Synthesis and properties of porous Sr 0.96 Y 0.04 Ti 1−x Nb x O 3
PublikacjaA series of porous, single phase Sr0.96Y0.04Ti1-xNbxO3 samples was obtained using a wet synthesis method (modified citrate sol-gel) method. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) measurements have shown high stability of the obtained material in variable (oxidizing/reducing) atmospheres. All samples exhibit high conductivity in hydrogen atmosphere with the highest value (around 1S/cm)...
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Copper and cobalt co-doped ceria as an anode catalyst for DIR-SOFCs fueled by biogas
PublikacjaThe nanocrystalline compounds of Co and Cu co-doped ceria (with up to 20 mol.% of dopants) were fabricated by the reverse microemulsion synthesis method. They were deposited in a form of layers on the surface of SOFC anode in an aim to act as electrochemically active materials for biogas reforming process. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy was used to analyze a composition of outlet gases simultaneously with the tests of...
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The effect of current signal filtering method on the value of cutting power while sawing wood
PublikacjaThe goal of this work was to investigate an effect of various signal pre-processings on the outline of the electrical power curve and its influence on the measured cutting force estimation. Two signal processing methods were selected for the needs of the experiment, including digital filter and wavelet transform. The filter used was Butterworth, 3rd order band-stop with the cut-out band from 45 Hz to 55 Hz. The second approach...
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Electrolytic deposition of reactive element thin films on Crofer 22 APU and evaluation of the resulting high-temperature corrosion protection properties at 700 °C–900 °C
PublikacjaThis article presents electrolytic deposition of thin Rare Earth (RE) coatings on Crofer 22 APU stainless steel substrates for high temperature applications, such as interconnects in solid oxide cell stacks. The deposition of coatings based on yttrium-, gadolinium-, lanthanum-, and cerium nitrates is discussed. The high temperature corrosion properties of surface-modified steels were examined using thermogravimetry and electrical...
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Properties of Barium Cerate-Zirconate Thin Films
PublikacjaIn this work, we review several experimental results showing the electrical properties of barium cerate-zirconate thin films and discuss them in view of the possible influence of various factors on their properties. Most of the presented Ba(Ce, Zr, Y)O3 thin films were formed by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, however thin films prepared using other methods, like RF magnetron sputtering, electron-beam deposition, powder...
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Dynamic analysis of the railway bridge span under moving loads
PublikacjaThe first part of this paper provides a review of the state of knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of railway bridges under moving loads. Particular attention is paid to developments in modelling railway bridge loading and dynamic vehicle-span (structure) interaction. The most important aspects determining the advancements in this area of knowledge are identified. The contemporary techniques for defining bridge span finite element...
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Polynomial analysis as a new way of describing dynamic impedance spectra – Differential and relative impedance spectra
PublikacjaModel measurements of an equivalent electrical system were carried out using the technique of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The measurement took the form of potentiodynamic changes imposed on the tested system. Using the possibility of continuous impedance measurements, an attempt was made to develop an original and innovative method of analyzing impedance spectrograms, which is termed polynomial analysis. As...
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Enhanced susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD protein assay targeted by cellular receptors ACE2 and CD147: Multivariate data analysis of multisine impedimetric response
PublikacjaSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells through the binding of spike protein to the host cell surface-expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or by endocytosis mediated by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147). We present extended statistical studies of the multisine dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) revealing interactions between Spike RBD and...