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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: MOISTURE GRADIENT, HIGH-TEMPERATURE DRYING
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Troubleshooting of the determination of bisphenol A at ultra-trace levels by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaDetermination of trace amounts of bisphenol A (BPA) may cause problems mainly related to the presence of BPA in solvents (even in LC-MS grade), laboratory vessels, and plastic equipment used for sample preparation. Variable and sometimes significant amounts of BPA present in the background cause problems in obtaining good repeatability of measurements at the ultra-trace levels. Such observations (i.e., poor repeatability of results)...
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Thermoelectric properties of bismuth-antimony-telluride alloys obtained by reduction of oxide reagents
PublikacjaThe BieSbeTe alloys with different Bi/Sb/Te ratio were fabricated by an innovative method. For that purpose the oxide reagents were melted at high temperature, then quenched to form pellets, milled to a powder and finally reduced in hydrogen at various temperatures. Complex structures consisting of connected thin layers forming a continuous path between nano- and micrometer size grains have been obtained. The electrical conductivity,...
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Przygotowanie przemysłowego obiektu o stalowej konstrukcji nośnej do remontu po pożarze
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono warunki i sposób podejścia do naprawy stalowej konstrukcji nośnej kilkukondygnacyjnego obiektu przemysłowego, który uległ uszkodzeniu w wyniku oddziaływania wysokiej temperatury pożaru. Omówiono rodzaje badań i sprawdzeń oraz sposób przeprowadzenia kontroli konstrukcji, które stały się podstawą do wydania oceny technicznej o możliwości odbudowy i remontu obiektu, bez jego nadmiernej rozbiórki. Wskazany...
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Experimental and analytical thermal study of PTFE composite sliding against high carbon steel as a function of the surface roughness, sliding velocity and applied load
PublikacjaThis study investigates the contact temperatures caused by frictional heating of sliding parallel pairs. In this case the materials studied are a PTFE composite in contact with a high carbon steel plate. These materials are commonly used for industrial applications, in particular as the main contacting components within a scroll expander system. The expected contact temperature values are important to be quantified in order to...
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Generalized temperature dependence model for anammox process kinetics
PublikacjaTemperature is a key operational factor influencing the anammox process kinetics. In particular, at temperatures below 15 °C, the specific anammox activity (SAA) considerably decreases. This study aimed to describe the temperature dependence of the anammox process kinetics in the temperature range from 10 to 55 °C, including the specific characteristics of“cold anammox”. The commonly used Arrhenius and extended and modifiedRatkowsky...
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Rozpoznawanie oraz lokalizacja w obrazie przewodów linii wysokiego napięcia
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono opracowany algorytm rozpoznawania oraz lokalizacji przewodów linii wysokiego napięcia na podstawie obrazu horyzontalnego. Procedura detekcji przewodu została podzielona na trzy etapy. Pierwszy etap zawiera algorytm wykrywania krawędzi wykazujący największą czułość na krawędzie poziome, a jednocześnie brak czułości na krawędzie pionowe. Efektem jest znaczna redukcja liczby wykrytych krawędzi w porównaniu do...
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High-accuracy polarimetric studies on lead germanate single crystals
PublikacjaA high-accuracy polarimetric technique has been used for the characterization of a lead germanate ferroelectric single crystal. The measurement results of the linear and circular birefringence in the [010] direction at a wavelength of 633 nm under the influence of an electric field are presented. Gyration–electric field hysteresis loops at alternative crystal positions in the polarization system have been used to determine the...
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Study of the influence of thermal factors on the welding process of polyethylene gas pipelines,
PublikacjaA one-dimensional calculation scheme is proposed with the help of which it is possible to determine and set the technological parameters with the accuracy to be realized in production conditions: the temperature of the heating element and the heating time, which allows maximum mechanization of the technological operations of polyethylene gas pipelines welding. The numerical value of the coefficient of temperature for polyethylene...
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Computationally-efficient design optimisation of antennas by accelerated gradient search with sensitivity and design change monitoring
PublikacjaElectromagnetic (EM) simulation tools are of primary importance in the design of contemporary antennas. The necessity of accurate performance evaluation of complex structures is a reason why the final tuning of antenna dimensions, aimed at improvement of electrical and field characteristics, needs to be based on EM analysis. Design automation is highly desirable and can be achieved by coupling EM solvers with numerical optimisation...
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On thermal stability of piezo-flexomagnetic microbeams considering different temperature distributions
PublikacjaBy relying on the Euler–Bernoulli beam model and energy variational formula, we indicate critical temperature causes in the buckling of piezo-flexomagnetic microscale beams. The corresponding size-dependent approach is underlying as a second strain gradient theory. Small deformations of elastic solids are assessed, and the mathematical discussion is linear. Regardless of the pyromagnetic effects, the thermal loading of the thermal...
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Charakterystyka eksploatacyjna pomp ciepła zainstalowanych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę eksploatacyjną sprężarkowych pomp ciepła zainstalowanych w oczyszczalni komunalnej i wykorzystujących ścieki oczyszczone jako dolne źródło ciepła. Zastosowanie ścieków oczyszczonych jest uzasadnione ich dostępnością oraz stosunkowo wysoką temperaturą (10-25°C). Prawidłowa eksploatacja układu wymaga zastosowania pośredniego obiegu parowacza oraz regularnych zabiegów czyszczenia wymiennika...
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Centrally Pivoted Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing with Carbon-Based Coated Collar—Experimental Results of Low- and Medium-Speed Operation
PublikacjaExperimental results of the research on a tilting pad thrust bearing with symmetrical pad support in the conditions of high loads and low speeds are presented in the paper. As described in the literature review, experimental results of tilting pad bearings at low speed/high load regime and transient conditions are rare. Unusual material selection - steel pad against a DLC-type coating on the collar was utilized. Such material combination...
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Analysis of features of stainless steels in dissimilar welded joints in chloride inducted corrosion
PublikacjaStainless steels of femtic-austenitic microstructure that means the duplex Cr-Ni-Mo steels, in comparison with austenitic steel includes less expensive nickel and has much better mechanical properties with good formability and corrosion resistance, even in environments containing chloride ions. Similar share of high chromium ferrite and austenite, which is characterized by high ductility, determines that the duplex steels have...
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Revalorization of the Szewalski binary vapour cycle
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to revalorizate of the Szewalski binary vapour cycle by analysing thermodynamical and operational parameters of this cycle. This was carried by accessible numerical CFM (Computational Flow Mechanics) codes type, by step-by-step modeling of separates apparatus. The binary vapour cycle is providing steam as the working fluid in the high temperature part of the cycle, while another fluid - a low boiling point...
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Electrical conductivity and relaxation processes in V2O5 nanorods prepared by sol–gel method
PublikacjaProperties of high purity V2O5 nanorods prepared by a sol – gel method are presented. The studied materials were characterized by: X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical impedance was measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The obtained results show that the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The d.c. conductivity...
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Interactions between components of SrTi0.98 Nb0.02O3-δ-YSZ and SrTi0.98 Nb0.02O3-δ -CeO2 composites
PublikacjaComposites consisting of SrTiO3-based perovskite and either yttria-stabilized zirconia or ceria were investigated. The mechanical compatibility and possible inter-diffusion between phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A gradual disappearance of Ce-containing phases with an increase in the temperature of reduction in hydrogen was noticed. Moreover,...
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Effect of Semiconductor Element Substitution on the Electric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics
PublikacjaThe investigated ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction from simple oxides and carbonates with the use of a mixed oxide method (MOM). The morphology of BaTi0.96Si0.04O3 (BTSi04) ceramics was characterised by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that Si+4 ion substitution supported the grain growth process in BT-based ceramics. The EDS results confirmed the high purity and expected quantitative composition...
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Hunting for the Magnesium(I) Species: Formation, Structure, andReactivity of some Donor-Free Grignard Compounds
PublikacjaMagnesium bromide radicals have to be prepared as high-temperature molecules and trapped as a metastable solution because a seemingly simple reduction of donor-free Grignard compounds failed. However, the essential role of magnesium(I) species during the formation of Grignard compounds could be demonstrated experimentally.
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New insights on lithium storage in silicon oxycarbide/carbon composites: Impact of microstructure on electrochemical properties
PublikacjaIn this work, we study the impact of the preceramic precursor vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) on the electrochemical performance of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) glass/graphite composites. We apply an innovative approach based on high-power ultrasounds in order to obtain highly homogenous composites with a uniform distribution of small graphitic flakes. This procedure enhances gelation and drying of VTES-based preceramic polymer/graphite...
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Pyrolysis and Torrefaction—Thermal Treatment of Creosote-Impregnated Railroad Ties as a Method of Utilization
PublikacjaA fundamental issue of waste management and the rail transport industry is the problem of utilizing used railroad ties. Wooden railroad ties are treated with a preservative, usually creosote. Due to their high toxicity, railroad ties are considered hazardous waste and must be utilized under various directives. It is proposed to utilize the troublesome waste by using the pyrolysis and torrefaction process. The research proves that...
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The Influence of Workpiece Hardness on Plate Temperature during One Side Lapping
PublikacjaLapping leads to a surface with low roughness and high precision. Because of required parts accuracy tool flatness is the key to the successful machining. To avoid its excessive thermal expansion, plate temperature research was taken. The goal was to determine the correlation between the basic lapping conditions and wheel temperature. In work Bulsara et al. authors developed model to estimate the maximum and average temperature...
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Effect of electron count and chemical complexity in the Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor
PublikacjaHigh-entropy alloys are made from random mixtures of principal elements on simple lattices, stabilized by a high mixing entropy. The recently discovered body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor appears to display properties of both simple crystalline intermetallics and amorphous materials; e.g., it has a well-defined superconducting transition along with an exceptional robustness against disorder....
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A novel concept of H2/O2 steam generator
PublikacjaThis paper presents an idea of hydrogen utilization to steam generation to drive a turbine and produce electricity or to supply a condenser as an element of a heating system. Electrolysis process is considered as a source of hydrogen as well as oxygen. Hydrogen combustion with a stoichiometric ratio of pure oxygen produces steam at very high temperature. Steam temperature can be controlled by mixing the generated steam with liquid...
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A NOVEL CONCEPT OF H2/O2 STEAM GENERATOR
PublikacjaThis paper presents an idea of hydrogen utilization to steam generation to drive a turbine and produce electricity or to supply a condenser as an element of heating system. Electrolysis process is considered as a source of hydrogen as well as oxygen. Hydrogen combustion with a stoichiometric ratio of pure oxygen produces steam at very high temperature. Steam temperature can be controlled by mixing the generated steam with liquid...
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Analiza osadów dennych pod kątem ich właściwości nawozowych
PublikacjaThe analysis of bottom sediments in terms of their fertilizing properties. In paper the characterize of sediments as product to nature usage was done. Analyzed material was taken from ecological treatment system located in wastewater treatment plant in Swarzewo (Pomerania Region) about flow Q= 6000 m3/d. Measurements of dry matter and organic matter content, as well as nitrogen concentrations and phosphorus fractions: loosely...
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Modeling bioaugmentation with nitrifiers in membrane bioreactors
PublikacjaBioaugmentation with nitrifiers was studied using two pilot-scale membrane bioreactors, with the purpose of assessing the suitability of state-of-the-art activated sludge models (ASMs) in predicting the efficiency of bioaugmentation as a function of operating conditions. It was demonstrated that the temperature difference between seeding and seeded reactors (ΔT) affects bioaugmentation efficiency. Experimental data were accurately...
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Calibration of precipitation estimation algorithm with particular emphasis on the Pomeranian region using high performance computing
PublikacjaFast and accurate precipitation estimation is an important element of remote atmosphere monitoring, as it allows, for example, to correct short-term weather forecasts and the prediction of several types of meteorological threats. The paper presents methodology for calibrating precipitation estimation algorithm based on MSG SEVIRI sensor data, and Optimal Cloud Analysis product available via EumetCast transmission. Calibration is...
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Use of response surface methodology in characterization of properties of recycled high density polyethylene/ground tire rubber compositions
PublikacjaSearching for newways to utilize rubber and polymerwaste has been the focus of many studies conducted by research centers and companies worldwide. In this study, the influence of extrusion conditions on the properties of thermoplastic compositions containing post-production recycled high density polyethylene (PE-HD) and ground tire rubber (GTR) at 50:50 mass ratiowas examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine...
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Superconductivity in the niobium-rich compound Nb5Se4
PublikacjaThe niobium rich selenide compound Nb5Se4 was synthesized at ambient pressure by high-temperature solid–state reaction in a sealed Ta tube. Resistivity and heat capacity measurements reveal that this compound is superconducting, with a Tc = 1.85K. The electronic contribution to the specific heat γ and the Debye temperature are found to be 18.1 mJmol−1K−2 and 298 K respectively. The calculated electron-phonon coupling constant λep...
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Numerical simulation of hardening of concrete plate
PublikacjaThe paper presents a theoretical formulation of concrete curing in order to predict temperature evolution and strength development. The model of heat flow is based on a well-known Fourier equation. The numerical solution is implemented by means of the Finite Difference Method. In order to verify the model, the in situ temperature measurements at the top plate of a road bridge were carried out. A high agreement between numerical...
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Investigations on mixture preparation for two phase adiabatic pressure drop of R134a flowing in 5 mm diameter channel
PublikacjaThe article presents detailed two-phase adiabatic pressure drops data for refrigerant R134a. Study cases have been set for a mass flux varying from 200 to 400 kg/m2 s, at the saturation temperature of 19.4 ◦C. Obtained experimental data was compared with the available correlations from the literature for the frictional pressure drop during adiabatic flow. Influence of mixture preparation on pressure drop was investigated, for...
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Tunable Dielectric Switching of (Quinuclidinium)[MnCl4] Hybrid Compounds
PublikacjaInorganic−organic hybrid QMnCl (Q = quinuclidinium) crystals were synthesized and characterized. The X-ray and variable-temperature IR/Raman analysis demonstrate that the crystals undergo a reversible structural phase transition, which originates from an order−disorder process and is related to the dynamics of the organic Q cation. Dielectric function measurements disclose a switchability between low (“OFF”) and high (“ON”) dielectric...
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Chitin nanowhiskers from shrimp shell waste as green filler in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber: Processing and performance properties
PublikacjaIn this work, chitin nanowhiskers with high crystallinity index were obtained from shrimp shells waste using acid hydrolysis method and then comprehensively characterized. Subsequently, the impact of chitin nanowhisker content on processing and performance of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber based nanocomposites was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of chitin nanowhiskers increased tensile strength and tear strength...
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Processing of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ barrier layers for solid oxide cells: The effect of preparation method and thickness on the interdiffusion and electrochemical performance
PublikacjaCe0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO) barrier layers are required to mitigate the chemical reactions between Sr-containing oxygen electrode materials and Zr-based oxygen ion conductors in high-temperature solid oxide cells. Barrier layers produced by different methods were studied in this work. As a reference, a cell with no barrier layer was measured. The application of the powder-processed barrier layers, considerably increases the performance....
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The vibration-based assessment of the influence of elevated temperature on the condition of concrete beams with pultruded GFRP reinforcement
PublikacjaConcrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars subjected to elevated temperature have been experimentally studied. The influence of high temperatures on GFRP-reinforced concrete beams condition has been check both, destructively and nondestructively. The nondestructive tests foresaw vibration-based tests to obtain the natural frequency values after exposure to varying temperatures. The vibration-based...
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Fabrication and Study of BiNbO4 Ceramics
PublikacjaAim of the present research was to fabricate and study crystalline structure as well as dielectric properties of BiNbO4 ceramics. In the present study BiNbO4 ceramics was fabricated by solid state reaction from the mixture of simple oxides viz. Bi2O3, and Nb2O5. Stoichiometric mixture of the powders was thermally analyzed so parameters of the thermal treatment were determined. The EDS measurements proved conservation of the chemical...
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Wetlands in flux: looking for the drivers in a central European case
PublikacjaPlanet Earth is undergoing significant changes which are driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. However, it is difficult to identify the drivers and their effect on the environment and ecosystems because there are many interdependencies. In this study we present a multi-parameter approach to assess the effect of changes in human-induced and natural drivers on a wetland ecosystem. The study area is one of the most prominent...
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Growth, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Characterization of Zn-Stabilized CePtIn4
PublikacjaThe growth and characterization of CePtIn4, stabilized by 10% Zn substitution for In, is reported. The new material is orthorhombic, space group Cmcm (No. 63), with lattice parameters a = 4.51751(4) Å, b = 16.7570(2) Å, and c = 7.36682(8) Å, and the refined crystal composition has 10% of Zn substituted for In, i.e., the crystals are CePt(In0.9Zn0.1)4. Crystals were grown using a self-flux method: only growths containing Zn yielded...
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Utilization of ionic liquids for the enrichment of biogas
PublikacjaThis article discusses the dependence of biogas composition on organic feed material. High amounts of CO2 decrease the calorific value of biogas. Several technologies are reviewed which can be used to increase the calorific value. Special emphasis is laid on ionic liquids as a new absorbing material. ILs have a number of advantages due to their unique properties such as: low melting point, high thermal conductivity, no flammability,...
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Structural phase transitions in multicomponent La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2RE50.2NbO4 (RE5 = Ho, Y, Tb, Eu, Pr) oxides
PublikacjaIn this work, the influence of compositional complexity on the structural and thermal properties of multicomponent rare-earth ortho-niobates from the La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2RE50.2NbO4 (RE5 = Ho, Y, Tb, Eu, Pr) series have been investigated. Based on X-ray powder diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation, it was found that all tested materials were pure single-phase compositions and showed stability in the monoclinic I2/c crystal...
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Tribo-Environment Dependent Chemical Modification of Sliding Interfaces in Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Nanowall Film: A Correlation with Friction and Wear
PublikacjaTribological properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond nanowall (UNCD NW) films were investigated quantitatively in three different and controlled tribo-environmental conditions, proposing the passivation and graphitization mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are rather complicated and possibly can be understood in well-controlled tribological conditions. It was shown that the friction and wear of these films were high in highPage 1...
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Reduced-cost constrained miniaturization of wideband antennas using improved trust-region gradient search with repair step
PublikacjaIn the letter, an improved algorithm for electromagnetic (EM)-driven size reduction of wideband antennas is proposed. Our methodology utilizes variable-fidelity EM simulation models, auxiliary polynomial regression surrogates, as well as multi-point response correction. The constraint handling is implicit, using penalty functions. The core optimization algorithm is a trust-region gradient search with a repair step added in order...
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Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(propylene succinate) prepared with the use of natural origin monomers
PublikacjaLinear biobased polyester polyols were prepared with the use of succinic acid and 1,3-pro- panediol (both with natural origin). Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TPT) was used as a catalyst. In order to determine the effect of various synthesis temperature conditions on the thermal degradation kinet- ics, nine sequences of temperature conditions were used during two-step polycondensation reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted...
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X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures
PublikacjaThe investigations of high-temperature oxidation of zirconium alloys, applied for fuel pellets in nuclear power plants, are usually limited to oxidation kinetics, phase transformations and microstructural characterization. The purpose of this research was to characterize the degradation phenomena occurring within oxide layer and at the interface oxide/metal, on internal and external Zircaloy-2 tube...
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MnCo2O4 deposited by spray pyrolysis as a protective layer for stainless steel interconects
PublikacjaStainless steel interconnects working in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells stacks are exposed to high temperature resulting in their corrosion. Protective layers for the hydrogen and oxygen sides are necessary to protect the interconnect material, prolongate the stack lifetime and maintain the output power. In this paper MnCo2O4 protective layer for the oxygen side of the interconnect is deposited by spray pyrolysis and is examined.
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Thermal and technological aspects of double face grinding of Al2O3 ceramic materials
PublikacjaDouble face grinding with planetary kinematics is a process to manufacture workpieces with plan parallel functional surfaces, such as bearing rings or sealing shims. In order to increase the economic efficiency of this process, it has to be advanced permanently. The temperature in the contact zone of most grinding processes has a huge influence on the process efficiency and the workpiece qualities. In contrast to most grinding...
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Assessment of fitness for service of Cr-Mo steel tubes in catalytic reforming charge heaters
PublikacjaIn this paper characteristic features of metal dusting corrosion in high temperature gas mixtures of high carbon activity in catalytic reforming units, including Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR) platformer are presented. Examples of 2.25Cr-1Mo and 9Cr-1Mo steel tubes at advanced stages of metal dusting process after long-term service in charge heaters are used to prove that destructive examinations are necessary to provide...
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A literature survey of the influence of preform reheating and stretch blow moulding with hot mould process parameters on the properties of PET containers – part 2.
PublikacjaThe hot fill process is an inexpensive conventional filling technology for high-acidity products (pH < 4.5). It allows certain drinks (sensitive beverages such as fruit and vegetable juices, nectars, soft drinks, vitaminised water) to be stored at ambient temperature without the need for chemical preservatives. The primary feature of the bottles used in the hot fill process is their temperature stability, i.e. the ability to retain...
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A literature survey of the influence of preform reheating and stretch blow molding with hot mold process parameters on the properties of PET containers. Part I.
PublikacjaThe hot fill process is an inexpensive conventional filling technology for high-acidity products (pH < 4.5). It allows certain drinks (sensitive beverages such as fruit and vegetable juices, nectars, soft drinks, vitaminized water) to be stored at ambient temperature without the need for chemical preservatives. The primary feature of the bottles used in the hot fill process is their temperature stability, i.e. the ability to retain...
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THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SZEWALSKI HIERARCHIC VAPOUR CYCLE COOPERATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF HEAT RECOVERY
PublikacjaIn this paper, thermodynamic analysis of the Szewalski hierarchic vapour cycle cooperated with the system of heat recovery from exhaust gases are presented. According to that purpose, the CFM (Computation Flow Mechanics [1,3]) approach has correctly been used. The whole system consists of the first traditional steam cycle, the second organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and system of heat recovery with use of water with temperature 90...