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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SEA DYNAMICS
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HISTORY OF INITIAL ENERGY AND WATER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN QATAR
PublikacjaQatar: A country which had to be associated with neighboring countries like UAE or Saudi Arabia for people to know about it, stands proud today due to the ample production and exporting of Black Gold. A country with almost no vegetation or suitable weather to harvest crops, turned from being heavily dependent on trading Pearls to exporting natural oil and gas to all over the globe. The paper outlines in details the history of the...
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Prediction of Ship Resonant Rolling - Related Dangerous Zones with Regard to the Equivalent Metacentric Height Governing Natural Frequency of Roll
PublikacjaPotentially dangerous zones corresponding to dynamical stability phenomena, possibly encountered by ships sailing in rough sea, are estimated nowadays with the use of the method recommended by IMO in the guidance coded MSC.1/Circ.1228. In this IMO method the parameter governing the natural period of roll is the initial metacentric height. Some earlier studies revealed that the initial metacentric height...
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Technology Concept of TLP Platform Towing and Installation in Waters with Depth of 60 m
PublikacjaThe article is part of the design and research work conducted at the Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, in cooperation with a number of other research centres, which concerns offshore wind farms planned to be built in the Polish zone of the Baltic sea in the next years. One of most difficult tasks in this project is building suitable foundations for each power unit consisting of a...
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Has EGNOS its own place in maritime navigation?
PublikacjaGNSS (in fact it usually means GPS) is at the moment the fundamental means of positioning for any variants of navigation. However some attributes of it can be not sufficient for every users or in some tasks, so there are any cases when this system needs support. From the mariner point of view pure GPS properties perfectly fulfils expectations of sailors at the open sea, however there are lot of cases, when accuracy of the system...
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Backscattering properties of southern Baltic herring
PublikacjaReliable TS(L) relationship is required to improve acoustic algorithms of abundanceestimation of Baltic herring. The relationships, empirically obtained in different parts of theBaltic Sea, produce up to 8 dB – difference in the herring TS. In order to develop an accurateTS(L) relationship, it is important to analyze factors controlling the TS variability. Thepossible impact of the regional difference...
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Mobility and bioavailability of mercury in sediments of the southern Baltic sea in relation to the chemical fractions of iron: Spatial and temporal patterns
PublikacjaMarine sediments play a significant role as reservoirs for mercury (Hg), a bioaccumulative toxic pollutant that poses risks to human and ecosystem health. Iron (Fe) has been recognized as an influential factor in the complexation and bioavailability of Hg in sediments. However, limited studies have investigated the interactions between the chemical fractions of these elements in natural settings. This study aims to examine the...
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Seafloor Characterisation Using Underwater Acoustic Devices
PublikacjaThe problem of seafloor characterisation is important in the context of management as well as investigation and protection of the marine environment. In the first part of the paper, a review of underwater acoustic technology and methodology used in seafloor characterisation is presented. It consists of the techniques based on the use of singlebeam echosounders and seismic sources, along with those developed for the use of sidescan...
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Interdependence of Ratios in Banking Stability Pentagon
PublikacjaThe banking sector is one of the key sectors in every economy, therefore, the issue of stability is one of the main interests not only of researchers but also policy-makers. The stability of the banking sector is especially important during a process of transformation. The aim of this article is to present a new tool for estimating the stability of the banking sector as a whole. Although the tool can be used to estimate the level...
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The Eastern Battery in Świnoujście, Poland - history and architecture of a Prussian coastal fort from the 19th century
PublikacjaThe article describes the history, architecture and development of the Eastern Battery (also known as the Gerhard Fort) – one of three remaining coastal forts in Świnoujście (former Swinemünde) located in northern Poland, by the Baltic Sea. The research is mostly based on historical cartographic material and architectural plans verified during field studies. This data served to create a digital model – one of the results of the...
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Coupled Urban Areas Inundation Model with Interaction Between Storm Water System and Surface Flow - Case Study of Sea Level Impact on Seaside Areas Flooding
PublikacjaInundations are becoming more frequent than ever. What is connected with increasing area of impervious surface in cities. This makes predicting urban flooding and its scale especially important. At the seaside we observe additional conditions such as sea level that makes accurate numerical modelling of issue even harder. With complex approach to the matter which is simultaneous calculation of storm water conduit flow and overland...
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Characterizing surface and air temperature in the Baltic Sea coastal area using remote sensing techniques and GIS
PublikacjaEstimation of surface temperature using multispectral imagery retrieved from satellite sensors constitutes several problems in terms of accuracy, accessibility, quality and evaluation. In order to obtain accurate results, currently utilized methods rely on removing atmospheric fluctuations in separate spectral windows, applying atmospheric corrections or utilizing additional information related to atmosphere or surface characteristics...
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The effect of anthropogenic activity on BTEX, NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations in urban air of the spa city of Sopot and medium-industrialized city of Tczew located in North Poland
PublikacjaThe major goal of the present study is to compare the air quality of two urban locations situated in Northern Poland – the spa City of Sopot and the medium-industrialized city of Tczew using chemometric methods. As a criterion for the assessment of atmospheric air quality, measurements of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and total xylenes were used (collected from atmospheric air using diffusion-type passive samplers) as well as...
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Algorithms for Ship Movement Prediction for Location Data Compression
PublikacjaDue to safety reasons, the movement of ships on the sea, especially near the coast should be tracked, recorded and stored. However, the amount of vessels which trajectories should be tracked by authorized institutions, often in real time, is usually huge. What is more, many sources of vessels position data (radars, AIS) produces thousands of records describing route of each tracked object, but lots of that records are correlated...
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The effect of pre-hydrogen charging on corrosion behaviour of superduplex stainless steel welded joints
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of research undertaken to determine the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel welded joints. Butt welded joints were made with low heat input using flux corded arc welding (FCAW) method. Coupons of 5.0 x 5.0 mm were cut from the welded joints containing weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal (PM). Hydrogen was introduced...
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Multidecadal (1960-2011) shoreline changes in Isbjornhamna (Hornsund, Svalbard)
PublikacjaAsection of a gravel−dominated coast in Isbjørnhamna (Hornsund, Svalbard) was analysed to calculate the rate of shoreline changes and explain processes controlling coastal zone development over last 50 years. Between 1960 and 2011, coastal landscape of Isbjørn− hamna experienced a significant shift from dominated by influence of tide−water glacier and protected by prolonged sea−ice conditions towards storm−affected and rapidly...
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Substancje biogenne i inne problemy w zarządzaniu wodami opadowymi w portach
PublikacjaDo niedawna uważano, że substancjami zanieczyszczającymi wody portowe są głównie substancje ropopochodne. Ich rozlewy powstawały najczęściej w wyniku awarii, nieuwagi lub np. zatonięcia statku. W ostatnich latach jednak organizacja HELCOM w roboczych dokumentach pt.: „Draft Report on potentialsources of nutrientinputs: Baltic Sea portshandlingfertilizers” (HOD 52-2017) oraz „Results of the questionnaire on fertilizer cargo handling...
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Hybrid Finite Element Method Development for Offshore Structures’ Calculation with the Implementation of Industry Standards
PublikacjaIn the design process of offshore steel structures, it is typical to employ commercial calculation codes in which simulationand evaluation of results are performed on the basis of the available standards (e.g. API, DNV, Lloyds). The modelingand solution rely on finite element methods and cover the simulation of the structure’s properties along with the influenceof the marine environment – sea currents, wave...
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Automatic Watercraft Recognition and Identification on Water Areas Covered by Video Monitoring as Extension for Sea and River Traffic Supervision Systems
PublikacjaThe article presents the watercraft recognition and identification system as an extension for the presently used visual water area monitoring systems, such as VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) or RIS (River Information Service). The watercraft identification systems (AIS - Automatic Identification Systems) which are presently used in both sea and inland navigation require purchase and installation of relatively expensive transceivers...
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Novel Biodegradable Potato Starch-based Compositions as Candidates in Packaging Industry, Safe for Marine Environment
PublikacjaAbout 70 % of our planet’s surface is covered by seas and oceans to which even 10 million tons of waste go every year. It makes these places the largest global landfills, containing up to 90 % of plastic waste. In this article we present the results of research on novel starch-based compositions expected to be more safe for the marine environment. For these purpose biopolymers such as, thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactide (PLA)...
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Glaciers as an Important Element of the World Glacier Monitoring Implemented in Svalbard
PublikacjaGlaciers are not only contributors to the sea level rise but also important players in the circulation of pollutants. Over a billion people apply glacial waters for domestic purposes; hence, both the quality and quantity of this water should be monitored. In this chapter, we concentrate on the archipelago Svalbard in the Arctic, a typical target area for xenobiotics from long range atmospheric transport (LRAT), holding an important share...
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A method of determining and visualizing safe motion parameters of a ship navigating in restricted waters
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of displaying ship collision avoidance information which is based on an unconventional Collision Threat Parameters Area (CTPA) technique. The solution presented here extends CTPA's functionality from past works by supporting navigation in restricted waters and handling ship domains analytically instead of numerically. It visualizes potential navigational threats as well as possible collision avoidance...
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Laboratory investigation with subbottom parametric echosounder SES-2000 standard with an emphasis on reflected pure signals analysis
PublikacjaThe main goal of the paper is to describe correlations between measurements results of trials taken on Gulf of Gdańsk bottom sounded with parametric echosounder SES-2000 Standard and laboratory research where collected during survey sediments were measured. Stationary tests took place at Gdansk University of Technology where 30 meters long 1.8 meter deep and 3 meters wide water tank is located. Main lobe of antenna was directed...
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High resolution optical and acoustic remote sensing datasets of the Puck Lagoon
PublikacjaThe very shallow marine basin of Puck Lagoon in the southern Baltic Sea, on the Northern coast of Poland, hosts valuable benthic habitats and cultural heritage sites. These include, among others, protected Zostera marina meadows, one of the Baltic’s major medieval harbours, a ship graveyard, and likely other submerged features that are yet to be discovered. Prior to this project, no comprehensive high-resolution remote sensing...
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On the Use of Selected 4th Generation Nuclear Reactors in Marine Power Plants
PublikacjaThis article provides a review of the possibility of using different types of reactors to power ships. The analyses were carried out for three different large vessels: a container ship, a liquid gas carrier and a bulk carrier. A novelty of this work is the analysis of the proposal to adapt marine power plants to ecological requirements in shipping by replacing the conventional propulsion system based on internal combustion engines...
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Multi-residue method for the determination of 16 recently used pesticides from various chemical groups in aqueous samples by using DI - SPME coupled with GC-MS
PublikacjaA simple and solvent-free multi-residue method has been optimized to determine 16 currently used pesticides from different chemical groups in aqueous samples. The extraction of analytes was carried out with direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) and for the identification and quantitative determination gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied. Two commonly used adsorbent coatings have...
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The Concept of Using the Decision-Robustness Function in Integrated Navigation Systems
PublikacjaThe diversity and non-uniformity of the positioning systems available in maritime navigation systems often impede the watchkeeping officer in the selection of the appropriate positioning system, in particular, in restricted basins. Thus, it is necessary to introduce a mathematical apparatus to suggest, in an automated manner, which of the available systems should be used at the given moment of a sea trip. Proper selection of the...
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Applying artificial neural networks for modelling ship speed and fuel consumption
PublikacjaThis paper deals with modelling ship speed and fuel consumption using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. These tools allowed us to develop ANN models that can be used for predicting both the fuel consumption and the travel time to the destination for commanded outputs (the ship driveline shaft speed and the propeller pitch) selected by the ship operator. In these cases, due to variable environmental conditions, making...
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Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Methods in Interferometric Echo Sounding
PublikacjaNowadays, there are two leading sea sounding technologies: the multibeam echo sounder and the multiphase echo sounder (also known as phase-dierence side scan sonar or bathymetric side scan sonar). Both solutions have their advantages and disadvantages, and they can be perceived as complementary to each other. The article reviews the development of interferometric echo sounding array configurations and the various methods applied...
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Automatic classification and mapping of the seabed using airborne LiDAR bathymetry
PublikacjaShallow coastal areas are among the most inhabited areas and are valuable for biodiversity, recreation and the economy. Due to climate change and sea level rise, sustainable management of coastal areas involves extensive exploration, monitoring, and protection. Current high-resolution remote sensing methods for monitoring these areas include bathymetric LiDAR. Therefore, this study presents a novel methodological approach to assess...
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Hydrodynamic Model of the New Waterway through the Vistula Spit
PublikacjaThe decision to build a new waterway (strait) in the Polish part of the Vistula Spit was made in 2017. The new connection between the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon is planned as an artificial navigable channel with a lock and a small port. During storm surges and wind tides in the gulf or in the lagoon, sluicing will be re-quired for vessels to tackle the Vistula Spit. This procedure does not require significant water flow...
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Corrosion hazards and inhibitor protection in the seawater injection system on the Baltic sea rig
PublikacjaOil extraction efficiency in LOTOS Petrobaltic Company is increased by means of injection of seawater into an oilfield aquifer, which is implemented on the Baltic Beta rig, operating on the Baltic Sea. Operational experience has shown a significant degree of corrosion aggressiveness in the injected water, which necessitates frequent repairs of the seawater injection installation. Evaluation of the corrosion phenomena is crucial...
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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF DISSIMILAR AUSTENITIC 316L AND DUPLEX 2205 STAINLESS STEELS WELDED JOINTS
PublikacjaThe paper describes structure and properties of dissimilar stainless steels welded joints between duplex 2205 and austenitic 316L steels. Investigations were focused on environmentally assisted cracking of welded joints. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement was determined in slow strain rate tests (SSRT) with the strain rate of 2.2 × 10–6 s–1. Chloride-inducted SCC was determined in the...
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Whirling system of water exchangein breeding pools
PublikacjaTo secure the proper conditions of life for sea mammals existing in closed systems one has to maintain the character of the breeding basins (i.e. shape, dimensions, facing of walls and bottom, quality and motion of water) as natural as possible. An appropriate system of water exchange plays a very important role here. A full renewal of water is time-consuming, expensive and troublesome, so can be made only periodically, and should...
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On reliability assessment of ship machinery system in different autonomy degree; A Bayesian-based approach
PublikacjaAnalyzing the reliability of autonomous ships has recently attracted attention mainly due to epistemic uncertainty (lack of knowledge) integrated with automatic operations in the maritime sector. The advent of new random failures with unrecognized failure patterns in autonomous ship operations requires a comprehensive reliability assessment specifically aiming at estimating the time in which the ship can be trusted to be left unattended....
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Assessment of the Steering Precision of a Hydrographic Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) along Sounding Profiles Using a Low-Cost Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver Supported Autopilot
Publikacjahe performance of bathymetric measurements by traditional methods (using manned vessels) in ultra-shallow waters, i.e., lakes, rivers, and sea beaches with a depth of less than 1 m, is often difficult or, in many cases, impossible due to problems related to safe vessel maneuvering. For this reason, the use of shallow draft hydrographic Unmanned Surface Vessels (USV) appears to provide a promising alternative method for performing...
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Mercury concentrations in marine biota with special focus on grey and ringed seals
PublikacjaMarine organisms are exposed and sensitive to effects of environmental contamination by heavy metals including different forms of mercury. Baltic seals as the top predators of the marine ecosystem are even more endangered due to (considerable) longevity as well as a long biological half-time of toxin elimination. The concentrations of mercury in seals from the Baltic is poorly known, thus the aim of this work is to determine and...
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„Space, architecture and infrastructure “in-between cities”.
PublikacjaThe article presents contemporary city problems, like division of the city, infrastructural barriers, empty spaces, chaotic development, cuting-off areas, threatening the city image and functioning. These problems can be best observed in the areas in-between cities. One of the main questions for urban planners and architects seems thus to be: how to connect the city spaces instead of creating the barriers, how to create the areas...
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THE RESEARCH ON EGNOS SYSTEM IN CONTEXT OF THE ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE SHIP’S HULL SPATIAL ORIENTATION
PublikacjaThe European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) thanks to geostationary satellites covers an area of whole Europe, including Baltic and North Sea. It allows to fix the coordinates of object position with typical absolute accuracy of 1,5 m. Previous research have shown that relative accuracy is usually higher than absolute one [Nowak A., 2010, Nowak A., 2011], so probably it could be possible to use EGNOS to determine...
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Experimental Research on the Energy Efficiency of a Parallel Hybrid Drive for an Inland Ship
PublikacjaThe growing requirements for limiting the negative impact of all modes of transport on the natural environment mean that clean technologies are becoming more and more important. The global trend of e-mobility also applies to sea and inland water transport. This article presents the results of experimental tests carried out on a life-size, parallel diesel-electric hybrid propulsion system. The eciency of the propulsion system was...
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Hydraulic potential of the Lower Vistula (Poland)
PublikacjaThe Vistula is the largest river in Poland. Lower Vistula (part of the river discussed in this paper) is almost four hundred kilometers long river section extending from the tributary Narew to the outflow to the Baltic Sea. In the 17th century the Vistula was the most navigable river in Europe. After partitioning of Poland the Vistula lost its significance. Now the Lower Vistula should provide a navigation connection to the Europe...
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Processing data on sea bottom structure obtained by means of the parametric sounding
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to analyze data obtain during sounding of the Gdansk Bay by means of the parametric sonar. The accuracy of the sea bottom structure investigation needs the correct configuration of research equipment and the proper calibration of peripheral devices (GPS, heading sensor, motion sensor MRU-Z and navigation units) which provide necessary data to bathymetrical measurement system enabling its work with whole...
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Methods of data extraction from sub-bottom profiler's signal
PublikacjaData obtain during sounding Gdansk Bay with SES-2000 Standard parametric sub-bottom profiler has two types of information: envelope and pure signal. First is used to plot echograms in real time and contain envelope of echo. The second one is stored during sounding and can be processed after recording data. Comparison of results will be shown and discussed. First step in investigation was proper configuration of small measurement...
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Methylmercury and total mercury content in soft tissues of two bird species wintering in the Baltic Sea near Gdansk, Poland
PublikacjaOf the various forms of Hg occurring in nature, (mono) methylmercury (MeHg) is an especially toxic form and practically all forms of Hg can be converted into MeHg as a result of natural processes. Total mercury (THg) and MeHg were determined in tissues of two piscivorous birds: razorbill Alca torda and black-throated loon Gavia arctica to provide baseline data on current mercury concentrations for liver, kidneys and pectoral muscle...
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Seasonal changes of the concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in watercourses in the agricultural catchment area (Bay of Puck, Baltic Sea, Poland)
PublikacjaThe Baltic Region countries are obliged to meet the stringent limits of N and P discharge set by HELCOM for 2021. Area sources of pollution, including agriculture, are considered the main contributors of biogenic compounds. The Bay of Puck as an inner part of the Baltic Sea is particularly sensitive to eutrophication caused by nutrient in flow from agricultural lands. Rivers and streams inflowing to the Bay of Puck transport nitrogen...
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Nonlinear Properties of Seawater as a Factor Determining Nonlinear Wave Propagation
PublikacjaTaking practical advantage of nonlinear acoustical interactions occurring in seawater [1, 2] requires knowledge of the parameter of nonlinearity B=A of this medium. The literature does not offer much reports on B=A parameter value for seawater. In the few papers concerning that address the issue, results concerning ocean waters with high salinity and at large depths are given [3], while studies concerning seawater with low salinity...
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The origins of the brick architecture in Pomerania
PublikacjaTraditionally, brick is one of the most popular building materials on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Although the origins of brick architecture have been the subject of numerous research studies, their results were focused on the Kingdom of Denmark, merchant-towns and the State of the Teutonic Order. Most scholars claimed that Pomeranian architecture had not been as developed as that in the neighbouring countries. Moreover,...
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Mean Crossover in evolutionary path planning method for maritime collision avoidance
PublikacjaAbstract: This paper presents the use of mean crossover genetic operator for path planning using evolutionary algorithm for collision avoidance on sea. Mean crossover ensures widening of the possible solutions' set that can be achieved in comparison to exchange crossover variant. The research shown, that the mean crossover allows to achieve results independent from the initial generation and quicker transition of thealgorithm from...
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Czynniki kształtujące architektoniczny wyraz fasad w budynkach biurowym i hotelowym kompleksu "Gdynia Waterfront"- od konkursu architektonicznego do realizacji.
PublikacjaKompleks "Gdynia Waterfront" składa się z budynku biurowego i hotelu, wzniesionych w unikalnej lokalizacji Nadbrzeża Prezydenta, w prestiżowej części portu. Głównym problemem projektowym było znalezienie właściwego odniesienia do otaczającego środowiska kulturowego. Szczególnie istotne było zachowanie równowagi kompozycyjnej pejzażu, zdominowanego przez zespół wysokościowców "Sea Towers". W sytuacji silnych ograniczeń gabarytowych,...
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Niezgodność przekonań i działań menedżerów wobec pracowników w wieku 55+
PublikacjaArtykuł dotyczy problematyki postaw i działań menadżerów wobec pracowników w wieku 55+. W literaturze dotyczącej zarządzania wiekiem przytaczane są wyniki badań na temat cech charakteryzujących starszych pracowników. Porównuje się je czasami z cechami przypisywanymi pracownikom młodym. Cel prezentowanych w artykule badań sformułowany został nieco inaczej i dotyczył zweryfikowania zbieżności zalet przypisywanych starszym pracownikom...
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An Integrated Approach to an Assessment of Bottlenecks for Navigation on Riverine Waterways
PublikacjaWater transport, both sea and inland, is the cheapest, least invasive, and safest option for non-standard loads; hence, it is important to increase the percentage share of inland waterway transport on the rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Transporting cargo is particularly difficult on shallow waterways because rivers overloaded with sediment determine the vertical parameters on inland waterways. A ship’s safe manoeuvrability...