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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: heat demand
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Cargo ships heat demand - operational experiment
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of an experiment conducted on two cargo ships – a 5300 TEU container with a steam heating system and a 7500 dwt general cargo ship with a thermal oil system. On both ships research has been carried out using specially designed measuring equipment. After gathering data about flow velocity and temperatures (steam/ cooling water/ thermal oil/ seawater/ outside air), calculations have been done, resulting...
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Applicability of arrays of microjets heat transfer correlations to design compact heat exchangers
PublikacjaThe article presents experimental studies on a compact heat exchanger with heat transfer intensification by means of impinging microjets. The pursuit to provide high performance of heat exchangers is a response to the demand both in economics and in the universal tendency to miniaturization of industrial equipment. This paper presents the design and tests of a prototype, microjet heat exchanger. The modular design of the heat exchanger...
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Nuclear power plant as a source of electrical energy and heat
PublikacjaIn this paper certain issues concerning usage of nuclear power plants as sources of not only electric power but also thermal energy will be discussed. For such a solution appeals most of all the need to limit harmful emissions of gases (including CO2) and ashes, which come from the process of burning fossil fuels, as well as the raising demand for network heat and chill. Additionally combined heat and power production brings measurable...
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Heat recovery from the hybrid photovoltaic tile – experimental studies with the solar light simulator
PublikacjaConsidering the current development of micro-cogeneration energy sources, supported by the national prosumer policy and the act on the renewable energy sources, there is a great demand for the effective solar technologies. In this area, the photovoltaic cells with a combined conversion of the solar radiation energy into the electrical and thermal energy (PV/T cells) seem to be attractive. They are already widely available and treated...
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The Possibility to use a Nuclear Power Plant as a Source of Electrical Energy and Heat
PublikacjaIn this article issues concernig the possibility of nuclear power plant (NPP) operation also as a source of heat, which means combined heat and power production, have been described. CHP work is possible and profitable only in those areas where high thermal power demand occurs, which means near city agglomerations such as Warsaw or the Tri-City. Two levels of thermal power delivered to the heating system have been considered. Preliminary...
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Analysis of possibility and purposefulness of application of waste-heat boilers to trailing suction hopper dredgers
PublikacjaThis paper presents an analysis of possibility and purposefulness of application of waste-heat boilers to trailing suction hopper dredgers. Using results of own operational research on dredgers this author determined thermal power demand for six hypothetical trailing suction hopper dredgers of various size, at accounting for a type of power system and kind of fuel combusted by dredger's power plant. By means of basic indices of...
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The impact of environmentally friendly refrigerants on heat pump efficiency
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the issue of heat pump simulation. Lower operating costs can be achieved through good equipment design and appropriate operation. Detailed technical and economic analysis inform the selection of system components with the highest possible efficiency and lower energy demand. The use of systems based on environmentally friendly refrigerants can deliver long product life, which is associated with a shorter payback...
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Pipeline System for Heat Transportation from Nuclear Power Plant – an Optimizing Approach
PublikacjaOver the last few years heat piping insulation technology and pump systems efficiency have been significantly improved. Reduced thermal losses encourage heat transportation over long distances. It provides an opportunity for increasing thermodynamic efficiency of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) that are often located in rural areas because of safety issues. It can be achieved by Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation, as heat produced...
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Decision support system for design of long distance heat transportation system
PublikacjaDistrict Heating (DH) systems are commonly supplied using local heat sources. Nowadays, modern insulation materials allow for effective and economically viable heat transportation over long distances (over 20 km). The paper proposes a Decision Support System (DSS) for optimized selection of design and operating parameters of a long distance Heat Transportation System (HTS). The method allows for evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness...
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Two-phase optimizing approach to design assessments of long distance heat transportation for CHP systems
PublikacjaCogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for power plants is a method of putting to use waste heat which would be otherwise released to the environment. This allows the increase in thermodynamic efficiency of the plant and can be a source of environmental friendly heat for District Heating (DH). In the paper CHP for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is analyzed with the focus on heat transportation. A method for effectivity and feasibility...
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Integrated plant-wide modelling for evaluation of the energy balance and greenhouse gas footprint in large wastewater treatment plants
PublikacjaModern wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) should maintain a balance between three combined sustainability criteria, including effluent quality, energy performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. All of these criteria were considered in the integrated plant-wide model developed in this study. The proposed model incorporates new features, including: (i) the addition of associated facilities to the overall energy balance and...
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A study of jet impingement cooling enhancement by concave and convex heat sink shape modifications
PublikacjaThe rising demand for efficient cooling technologies is a strong driver of extensive research in this area. This trend is particularly strong in turbines and microprocessors technology. Presented study is focused on the jet impingement cooling concept, which is used in various configurations for many years. The potential of the heat sink shape modification is not yet fully explored. Available literature suggests that average Nusselt...
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The new concept of capillary forces aided evaporator for application in domestic organic rankine cycle
PublikacjaThis paper presents studies on the possibility of applying capillary forces induced in the porous structure to a modern design of evaporator. The potential application of such heat exchanger is for example an evaporator of the domestic micro combined heat and power (CHP) unit. One of the problems in the micro-CHP is excessive demand for pumping power. The proposed design helps in overcoming that issue. In the evaporator outlined...
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków = Waste heat utilisation from cogeneration set in sewage plant
PublikacjaW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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OBSERVATION OF THE THERMOSIPHON EFFECT IN THE CIRCULATION OF ACETONE AS WORKING FLUID IN MODERN COOLING SYSTEM
Publikacjaplants or computer server rooms has led to the demand for new and reliable methods for electronic cooling. Because of bigger and bigger power levels and miniaturization of the electronic devices, lack of free space in such a high heat flux. The increasing integration of electronic logy that supposed to be designed for high thermal performance, low mass, and able to work in harsh environments. In this paper presented a prototype...
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Multicriteria Optimization Approach to Design and Operation of District Heating Supply System over its Life Cycle
PublikacjaDistrict Heating (DH) systems are commonly supplied using local heat sources. Nowadays, modern insulation materials allow for effective and economically viable heat transportation over long distances (over 20 km). In the paper a method for optimized selection of design and operating parameters of long distance Heat Transportation System (HTS) is proposed. The method allows for evaluation of feasibility and effectivity of heat transportation...
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Analysis of the possibility of increasing thermal-electric energy conversion ratio in CHP units based on micro gas turbine
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to analyze the possibility of increasing thermal energy to electricity conversion efficiency in combined heat and power (CHP) units based on micro gas turbine during low heat demand periods. At the beginning sustainable development postulates under power engineering are explained. Next micro CHP as part of distributed generation idea is presented. The main part of the article is based on results of thermodynamic...
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Experimental investigation of domestic micro-CHP based on the gas boiler fitted with ORC module
PublikacjaThe results of investigations conducted on the prototype of vapour driven micro-CHP unit integrated with a gas boiler are presented. The system enables cogeneration of heat and electric energy to cover the energy demand of household. The idea of such system is to produce electricity for own demand or for selling it to the electric grid – in such situation the system user will became the prosumer. A typical commercial gas boiler,...
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Wpływ ekologicznych czynników roboczych na efektywność układu sprężarkowej pompy ciepła (The impact of environmentally friendly refrigerants on heat pump efficiency)
PublikacjaArtykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu symulacji pracy układu sprężarkowej pompy ciepła. Prawidłowe zaprojektowanie instalacji oraz jej właściwe użytkowanie pozwala na zmniejszenie kosztów eksploatacji. Dokładna analiza techniczno-ekonomiczna umożliwia natomiast dobór elementów systemu o możliwie największej sprawności, a zatem niskim zapotrzebowaniu na energię. Zastosowanie układów opartych o perspektywiczne, proekologiczne czynniki...
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon. Part II. Model and forecasts assumptions
PublikacjaIn this paper, the next in a series of publications on the subject, assumptions are presented of a power system development model in terms of electricity generation technology infrastructure in Poland, in the long term perspective until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. Among other things developed are a forecast of the final demand for electricity and heat, the current...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with the ORC module for electricity generation
PublikacjaCondensing technology applied to boilers is to make full use of thermal energy contained in the fuel. That means that additionaly the heat from condensation of exhaust gases can be used for the purposes of heating the domestic hot water and to cover the demand for central heating. The study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler....
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Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage – The Experience of the Materials Preparation for the Specific Applications.
PublikacjaThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and reversible chemical reaction heat storage. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. The amount of heat...
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Modelling of Nuclear Power Plant Steam Turbine
PublikacjaThe paper describes the approach to a Nuclear Power Plant steam turbine modelling which would enable on-line optimal process control (model based) and diagnosis over wide range of operating conditions caused by changing power demand. Presented model is static, multivariable and nonlinear. Such model enables analyzing the heat cogeneration aspects. Developed model is validated and verified by using archive data gained from researches...
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Modelling of Nuclear Power Plant Steam Turbine
PublikacjaThe paper describes the approach to a Nuclear Power Plant steam turbine modelling which would enable on-line optimal process control (model based) and diagnosis over wide range of operating conditions caused by changing power demand. Presented model is static, multivariable and nonlinear. Such model enables analyzing the heat cogeneration aspects. Developed model is validated and verified by using archive data gained from researches...
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Comparative study of selected fluids for use in supercritical Organic Ranking Cycles
PublikacjaIn view of increasing interest in improving energy efficiency of energy conversion devices, there is an increasing requirement of combined production of heat and electricity as well as demand for increased implementation of renewable energy resources. The micro cogenerative units utilizing the Organic Rankine Cycle are focusing the attention of many research centres around the world. In the present paper calculations of ORC cycles...
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublikacjaW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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Multi-objective optimization of the ORC axial turbine for a waste heat recovery system working in two modes: cogeneration and condensation
PublikacjaDue to the demand of the district heating network and electric power grid ORC turbines can operate in the condensation and cogeneration modes. This approach requires the design of an expander which is characterized by high efficiency in each mode of operation. The paper is devoted to a multi-objective efficiency optimization of a one stage axial ORC turbine working on MM (Hexamethyldisiloxane). An Implicit Filtering algorithm (IF)...
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The Possibility of Phase Change Materials (PCM) Usage to Increase Efficiency of the Photovoltaic Modules
PublikacjaSolar energy is widely available, free and inexhaustible. Furthermore this source of energy is the most friendly to the environment. For direct conversion of solar energy into useful forms like of electricity and thermal energy, respectively photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are being used. Forecast indicate that the first one solution will soon have a significant part in meeting the global energy demand. Therefore it is...
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Prowadzenie ruchu małego źródła kogeneracji gazowej według kryterium efektu ekonomicznego
PublikacjaCechą charakterystyczną źródeł gazowych jest ich duża elastyczność ruchowa, w porównaniu do większości źródeł konwencjonalnych i odnawialnych. Cecha ta może i powinna być wykorzystywana do poprawy wskaźników ekonomicznych obiektu. W tym celu należy przeanalizować możliwości jakie daje prowadzenie ruchu źródeł nie w standardzie pracy z wymuszeniem zapotrzebowania na ciepło, ale właśnie maksymalnie wykorzystując elastyczność ruchową...
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Prowadzenie ruchu małej elektrociepłowni gazowej według kryterium efektu ekonomicznego
PublikacjaCechą charakterystyczną źródeł gazowych jest ich duża elastyczność ruchowa, w porównaniu do większości źródeł konwencjonalnych i odnawialnych. Cecha ta może i powinna być wykorzystywana do poprawy wskaźników ekonomicznych obiektu. W tym celu należy przeanalizować możliwości jakie daje prowadzenie ruchu źródeł nie w standardzie pracy z wymuszeniem zapotrzebowania na ciepło, ale właśnie maksymalnie wykorzystując elastyczność ruchową...
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Organic Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle to a combined Brayton and Clausius - Rankine cycle
PublikacjaA preliminary evaluation has been made of a possibility of bottoming of a conventional Brayton cycle cooperating with the CHP power plant with the organic Rankine cycle installation. Such solution contributes to the possibility of annual operation of that power plant, except of operation only in periods when there is a demand for the heat. Additional benefit would be the fact that an optimized backpressure steam cycle has the advantage...
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Modelowanie systemów energetycznych wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła do celów planowania rozwoju - wybrane zagadnienia
PublikacjaSystemy energetyczne wymagają przemian technologicznych w kierunku neutralności klimatycznej. W Polsce, w której systemie elektroenergetycznym i systemach ciepłowniczych dominują przestarzałe elektrownie i ciepłownie węglowe, dążenie do minimalizacji wpływu na środowisko wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami. Dlatego należy szukać optymalnych ścieżek roz-woju energetyki, aby osiągnąć ambitne długoterminowe cele strategiczne, przy minimalizacji...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with ORC module for electricity generation
PublikacjaThe study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler. In the case of a conventional boiler there is noted a greater fuel consumption and the greater power generated than in the case of the unit with the condensing boiler. Postulated is the indicator in the form of a ratio of turbine power to the mass flow rate of fuel, which in turn gives...
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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Cleaner energy for sustainable future using hybrid photovoltaics-thermoelectric generators system under non-static conditions using machine learning based control technique
PublikacjaIn addition to the load demand, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) module determines the output power for thermoelectric generator systems. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is needed to track the optimal global power point as operating conditions change. The growing use of electricity and the decline in the use of fossil fuels have sparked interest in photovoltaic-TEG...
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How to make membrane distillation greener? A review on environmentally friendly and sustainable aspects
PublikacjaThere is an urgent need for the development of new water resources in order to solve the problem of the world’s growing demand for clean water. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising alternative to conventional seawater desalination. Although MD itself is often defined as sustainable desalination technology, there are many aspects within the membrane manufacture and process operation that make it far from being green. For instance,...
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Nuclear Power Plant Steam Turbine - Modeling for Model Based Control Purposes
PublikacjaThe nature of the processes taking place in a nuclear power plant (NPP) steam turbine is the reason why their modeling is very difficult, especially when the model is intended to be used for on-line optimal model based process control over a wide range of operating conditions, caused by changing electrical power demand e.g. when combined heat and power mode of work is utilized. The paper presents three nonlinear models of NPP steam...
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Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono sytuacje energetyczną kraju. Omówiono poszczególne sektory wytwarzania energii oraz zapotrzebowania na energię i paliwa. Omówiono przekształcenia sektorów energetycznych w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 1990-2002. Na tym tle przedstawiono techniczne, ekonomiczne, społeczne i prawne aspekty rozwoju energetyki źródeł odnawialnych a w szczególności opartych o bioenergię. Przedstawiono wnioski dla Polski płynące z dotychczasowych...
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Renewable Energy in the Pomerania Voivodeship—Institutional, Economic, Environmental and Physical Aspects in Light of EU Energy Transformation
PublikacjaIn the era of globalization and rapid economic growth, affecting most world economies, increased production and consumption are leading to higher levels of energy production and consumption. The growing demand for energy means that energy resources from conventional sources are not sufficient; moreover, its production generates high costs and contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases and waste. In view of the above, many...
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Estimation of Housing Demand with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS)
PublikacjaIt has always been important to anticipate the demand for a product. To determine the demand for any product, the parameters such as the economic situation and the demands of the rival products are used generally. Especially in the housing sector, which is the locomotive sector for emerging countries, it is critical to anticipate housing demand and its relationship with economic variables. Because of that, economists, real estate...
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How to Meet the Green Deal Objectives—Is It Possible to Obtain 100% RES at the Regional Level in the EU?
PublikacjaThe subject matter discussed in the article concerns the problem of the energy transformation of the European Union (EU) countries. In the case of the EU, the energy transformation has specific characteristics due to formal legal and institutional provisions. This means that the member states are obliged to implement the adopted Community Energy Strategy, which was defined under the European Green Deal. According to the EU policy,...
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Calculation of the Effects of Implementing a DSM Electricity Demand Management Strategy Using the Example of Analysis of Changes in the Power System Load
PublikacjaThe paper presents the impact of implementing Demand Side Management (DSM) solutions through proper management and control of the process of charging and discharging electric car batteries. As a result, the daily load curves were shaped so as to fill valleys and cut down peaks. Therefore, the implementation of power demand management solutions had a significant impact on the power system operation. The impact of DSM solutions manifested...
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Optimised Robust Placement of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublikacjaA problem of optimised robust placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems under several water demand scenarios for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving at the same time a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm...
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The structure of demand and its economic consequences for urban transport
PublikacjaThe structure of demand for urban transport services, determined by the share of passengers entitled to free and reduced fares, is an important factor influencing its economic condition. The aim of this article is to present the results of research into the structure of demand for urban transport as well as its economic consequences. The article begins by considering the nature of the determinants and consequences of the public...
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Delivery of Ancillary Services in Distribution Power Systems
PublikacjaOne of the technical and organizational challenges the power system faces in deregulated market conditions is to organize an ancillary services market. The growing share of distributed generation of variable (intermittent) energy sources and a change in the market position of consumers, causes the demand for distributed delivery of ancillary services. For this purpose, it is sought to use the ability of the regulatory measures:...
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Future Skills and Education in a Computerized World
PublikacjaAs computerization of Western economies has advanced, the supply of the demand for routine cognitive tasks and routine manual tasks has fallen. Computerization has increased labour input of nonroutine cognitive tasks which has favourized high educated workers. Similarly, there is clear evidence of an increase in demand for high skilled workforce which originates from poor machine performance of nonroutine...
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The Importance of Demand and Environment for Defining and Establishing the Role of Data Stewards
PublikacjaData stewardship is now a central part of FAIR research data management. Although various types of positions called data stewards have been created at academic institutions over the last years, no demand-oriented, formal model of data stewardship and the associated roles exist so far. This workshop report presents the outcomes of the panel discussion “The Importance of Demand and Environment for Defining Data Stewardship” held...
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The (over)touristification of European historic cities: a relation between urban heritage and short-term rental market demand
PublikacjaIn this chapter, I wish to highlight the critical relationship between heritage management issues and building environment transformation. I argue that such a relationship is directly expressed through the tourism phenomenon, and it should be measured through the economic dimension of the short-term rental market, which introduces this rule of thumb: if there is a lack of demand, the brand of the city is weak; if there is too much...
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Development of the Polish energy sector through transformation and harmonization with the European energy and climate policy
PublikacjaThe paper presents the dilemmas of energy sector development vs European energy policy due to the way of energy transition. The identification of barriers and opportunities for the development of the power industry is presented. The possibilities of using modern energy technologies for the processes of energy transformation are described. The path useful to achieving climate and energy goals is determined. The new method of electricity...
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Production fragmentation and employment. Country-industry level analysis based on WIOD 2016
PublikacjaThe aim of this research is to reanalyse the possible impact of production fragmentation on employment using the newest world input-output database (WIOD) release (2016) and recently proposed by Timmer, Los, Stehrer and de Vries measure of production fragmentation which traces the imports needed in all stages of production. This study is provided on country-industry level for 56 industries and 41 countries for the years 2000–2014....
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The demand for skills and the labor cost in partner countries: evidence from the enlarged EU
PublikacjaWe analyse the consequences of trade integration in Europe (1995-2005) detecting how thelabor costs in partner countries affects the demand for domestic high- and low-skilled labor inthe EU-15 (Old) and five New member states. In general, independently on the skill level, the resultshint at complementarity between domestic and foreign labor. However, the demand for thehigh skilled in New EU members' low skill intensive sectors...
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Certified Reference Material - as a necessary tool for the quality control and quality assurance of measurements
PublikacjaReference materials are necessary to control and ensure the quality of the measurements. The demand for analytical information on the composition of different material objects makes it necessary to produce an even wider range of materials.
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An optimal abstraction model for hardware multithreding in modern processor architectures.
PublikacjaPrzegląd technologii implementacji wątków sprzętowych. Propozycja abstrakcji maszyny wirtualnej SIMD (On-Demand Virtual Single Instruction Multiple Data machine) do optymalnego użycia wątków sprzętowych.
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Review and Indication of Key Activities for Energy Management Improvement in DC Microgrids
PublikacjaDC MicroGrids (MG) must have Energy Management Systems (EMS) to guarantee efficient, dependable, and environmentally friendly electricity. The application of Model Predictive Control (MPC), proved to be helpful due to its adaptability and capacity to use non-linear models. This paper, based on an extensive literature review, identifies and discusses the three key activities to improve the characteristics of DC microgrids, i.e.:...
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The demand for skills and labour cost in partner countries. Evidence from the enlarged EU
PublikacjaWe analyse the consequences of trade integration in Europe (1995-2005) detecting how the labour costs in partner countries affect the domestic demand for high- and low-skilled labour in 'Old' (EU-15) and five 'New' EU member states. In general, independently of the skill level of workers, the results suggest complementarity between domestic and foreign labour. However, when we take into account the typology of sectors, the demand...
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublikacjaContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublikacjaContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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Urban Freight Transport Demand Modelling and Data Availability Constraints
PublikacjaThe paper provides a review of urban freight transport demand modelling approaches confronted with constrains regarding adequate data provision from a perspective of the local authorities. Demand estimation models has been selected as a reference because they are the most representative in terms of inclusion of urban freight indicators which can be transformed into a decision-support tool for evaluation of freight measures. The...
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The dynamics of the total output of the fishery sector: The case of Indonesia
PublikacjaThe purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the total output of the Indonesian fishery industry when the changes of the final demand occur. This study employs a demand-pull Input-Output (IO) quantity model, one of the calculation tools in the IO analysis, as an analysis instrument. Two conditions are noticed in calculation and analysis parts, namely (1) “whole sector change”, and (2) “pure change”. An initial period...
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The dynamics of the total output of the Japanese fisheries sector: An analysis using input-output approach
PublikacjaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of the total output of the fisheries industry when the changes of the final demand occur. This study focuses on the case of Japan. This study employs a demand-pull Input-Output (IO) quantity model, one of the calculation instruments in the IO analysis, as an analysis tool. Two conditions are included in calculation and analysis parts, namely (1) “whole sector change”, and...
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Analysis of electricity generation variability in 2019 with special consideration of electrical energy generation from wind sources.
PublikacjaThis article presents issues related to the broadly understood development of wind energy. The state of the art of wind energy in the world has been discussed. This paper also shows issues related to factors affecting the development of renewable energy sources and their impact on the natural environment on the basis of available research. The focus is, however, on the critical analysis of phenomena in the data of the Transmission...
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EU Enlargement and Labour Demand in the New Member States
PublikacjaResearch to date on labour market responses to EU integration has tended to concentrate on the labour markets of the 'old' EU members. But what effects has the integration of trade had on wages in the new member states? The following article attempts to answer this question using and empirical model of conditional labour demand.
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Interdependence between Power Grids and Communication Networks: A Resilience Perspective
PublikacjaPower network resilience is increasingly dependent on communication networks. Besides traditional generation, power networks need to accommodate increasingly high penetration levels of dispersed micro generation, mostly based on renewable sources, and increasing and challenging demand, such as electric vehicles. At the same time the deployment of enabling technologies throughout the power grid makes available new demand resources...
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Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning
PublikacjaThe growth of ships causes a significant increase in demand for new port surfaces and demands for the depths of water bodies in the ports. Due to technological changes in the transshipment and development pressure ports lacks space and they move towards the sea with their activities. The paper discusses the reasons for the phenomenon of expansion of ports towards the sea and its effects on maritime spatial planning.
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ENERGY EFFICIENT SMALL INLAND PASSENGER SHUTTLE FERRY WITH HYBRID PROPULSION - CONCEPT DESIGN, CALCULATIONS AND MODEL TESTS
PublikacjaIn recent years, there has been a significant development in “green” and energy efficient propulsion systems, which fits into the general trend of environmentally friendly “green shipping”. The pursued goal is to construct a safe passenger ship that is low in energy demand and equipped with a highly energy efficient, emission-free propulsion system. The paper presents main problems encountered by designers of a small, hybrid-powered...
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Impact of the Manufacturing Sector on the Export Competitiveness of European Countries – a Spatial Panel Analysis
PublikacjaThe purpose of this paper is to determine how changes in the export competitiveness of the EU economy (measured by exports and net exports) depend on changes in the competitiveness of processing industries, on the basis of manufacturing data from 19 EU countries over years 1995-2009 and using a spatial panel data model. The determinants of export competitiveness are selected in the light of predictions from international trade...
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Special Issue: Recent Advances in Corrosion Science
PublikacjaThe dynamic development of the global industry and growing demand for new material technologies generates constantly increasing problems regarding premature material degradation and the requirement to determine corrosion mechanisms and to develop new protection/evaluation approaches. This Special Issue, “Recent Advances in Corrosion Science”, brings together fourteen articles and one review, providing a snapshot of the recent activity...
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The energy consumption during the birch tree sap concentration process using the reverse osmosis system
PublikacjaBirch tree sap was concentrated by mens of the reversed osmosis technique. The energy consumption in a small-scale pilot apparatus was estimated. The threshold value for the water removal above which the specific energy consumption significantly increased was identified. Below the threshold value the reversed osmosis had low energy demand and could be an attractive method for the production of birch tree sap-based beverages.
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Immunizing the Hillcast Method against the Known-Plaintext Attack using Periodic Key Exchange
PublikacjaThis paper considers a Joint Fingerprinting and Decryption method, called Hillcast, for the copyright protection and traitor tracing in case of Video on Demand services. Because the method is based on the Hill cipher, it is vulnerable to a known-plaintext attack. The goal of this paper is to present an efficient periodic key exchange mechanism to make this method secure without compromising its scalability, imperceptibility or...
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Energy consumption estimation of low-power devices using an integrating coulombmeter
PublikacjaThe main problem in designing devices powered with Energy Harvesting is an estimation of energy demand of low-power devices as well as quantity of energy provided by the selected energy transducer in the assumed work conditions. Due to the work characteristic of each block of the device and properties of the measured signal, measurement is not trivial. The paper presents the proposal of the micro-charge measurement device based...
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Prediction of Wastewater Quality at a Wastewater Treatment Plant Inlet Using a System Based on Machine Learning Methods
PublikacjaOne of the important factors determining the biochemical processes in bioreactors is the quality of the wastewater inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Information on the quality of wastewater, sufficiently in advance, makes it possible to properly select bioreactor settings to obtain optimal process conditions. This paper presents the use of classification models to predict the variability of wastewater quality at...
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Algorytmy hybrydowe optymalizacji w zastosowaniu do problemu sterowania systemami dystrybucji wody
PublikacjaW pracy analizowany jest problem optymalizującego zintegrowanego sterowania ilością i jakością w systemach dystrybucji wody. Proponowane decyzje i sterowania powinny zapewniać optymalizację przyjętego wskaźnika jakości, przy spełnieniu ograniczeń właściwych tej klasie systemów. Ostatecznie do rozwiązania złożonych zadań optymalizacji dynamicznej zaproponowane zostało podejście hybrydowe, wspomagające predykcyjne algorytmy sterowania...
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Mathematical modelling of two-step nitrification-denitrification for treatment of sludge digester liquors: influence of nitrite (NO2-N) on the process kinetics
PublikacjaSeparate treatment of the sludge digester liquors is an alternative for expansion of the mainstream treatment line. In order to reduce the oxygen demand for nitrification and organic carbon demand for denitrification, a shortcut in the nitrogen conversion pathway has been promoted in recent years, i.e. nitrification-denitrification via NO2-N instead of NO3-N. Although NO2-N is a common intermediate product of nitrification and...
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Kinetics of pollutants removal in hybrid treatment wetlands – Case study comparison
PublikacjaRecent years have seen an increasing interest in hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) systems for domestic sewage treatment. This paper is focused on kinetics of removal of the main pollutants occurring in wastewater i.e. organics expressed as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen. The purpose of the article is to compare different HCW configurations in terms of mass removal rates (MRR) and removal rate...
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A demand for innovation support in samll and medium-sized enterprises in the baltic sea region
Publikacjathe aim of the expertise is to analyze the actual demand of smes from the baltic sea region for innovation support. the results of the conducted study can help formulate recommendations designed to increase innovation and competitiveness of smes in the baltic sea region in the future. research activities of this study include: the evaluation of innovation level of the baltic sea region enterprises (type and intensity of implemented...
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Analysis of an Energy Management System of a Small Plant Connected to the Rural Power System
PublikacjaThis paper presents the analysis of an energy management system (EMS) implemented to fulfill the requirements of a microgrid (MG) power supply owned by a small industrial company and connected to the rural power system. The main goal of this system is to ensure connection with the existing rural power system in terms of energy exchange, as well as to perform islanding mode operation of the microgrid based on the energy demand of...
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Correlations between organic pollution indicators in municipal wastewater
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a study of parameters used for determining the amount of organic pollutants in wastewater flowing into a collective wastewater treatment plant with a population equivalent of about 120 000 PE. The plant constituted part of a sewage system. Assays were performed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), permanganete index (CODMn) and total organic carbon (TOC). In addition,...
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Assessment of the technological reliability of a hybrid constructed wetland for wastewater treatment in a mountain eco-tourist farm in Poland
PublikacjaThe aim of the present study was to assess the technological reliability of a domestic hybrid wastewater treatment installation consisting of a classic three-chambered (volume 6 m3) septic tank, a vertical flow trickling bed filled with granules of a calcinated clay material (KERAMZYT), a special wetland bed constructed on a slope, and a permeable pond used as a receiver. The test treatment plant was located at a mountain eco-tourist...
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Utility analysis and rating of energy storages in trolleybus power supply system
PublikacjaThe article discusses two energy storage applications in power supply system of public electrified transport. The first application aims at reducing the peak power of the traction substation. The second application increases effectiveness of using solar power plant to cover partial power demand of traction supply system. These two applications were discussed and analyzed based on trolleybus supply system in Gdynia, where most measurements...
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Survey of Radio Navigation Systems
PublikacjaAt present, there is a growing demand for radio navigation systems, ranging from pedestrian navigation to consumer behavior analysis. These systems have been successfully used in many applications and have become very popular in recent years. In this paper we present a review of selected wireless positioning solutions operating in both indoor and outdoor environments. We describe different positioning techniques, methods, systems,...
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Rozproszone przechowywanie zapasowych kopii danych
PublikacjaPokazano metodę wykorzystania systemu przetwarzania rozproszonego do zabezpieczenia instytucji przed skutkami ataku hakerskiego połączonego ze zniszczeniem bazy danych tej instytucji. Metoda ta polega na wplataniu pakietów danych do materiałów audio-video ściąganych przez internautów korzystających z serwisów filmowych Video-on-Demand i przechowywaniu danych w rozproszeniu na setki lub nawet tysiące komputerów.
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Instruments shaping sustainable mobility of urban residents
PublikacjaUrban development increases the demand for efficient, fast, safe ecological transport. Extensive development of urban transport system, in particular transport infrastructure, changed the point of view about transport needs. Research on the effectiveness of transport systems for years accompanied the study of mobility. The development of modern technology, the need to increase efficiency of transport and increase environmental...
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Towards Carbon Neutral Settlements. The Importance of Early-Stage Urban and Energetic Optimizations
PublikacjaThe aim of the research was to verify the essence of interdisciplinary energy optimizations in earlystage urban design process. A further aim was to the find most optimal design variant and scenario in terms of urban energy efficiency for the future development in Nowy Port, located in Gdansk, Poland - a place requiring complex revitalization. The research combined qualitative and quantitative approaches; an urban design layer...
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Rapid on-line method of wastewater parameters estimation by electronic nose for control and operating wastewater treatment plants toward Green Deal implementation
PublikacjaIn order to comply with legal regulations related to wastewater quality, the operational mode of facilities at wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) should be properly adjusted according to parameters of influents, however it is very difficult without frequently performed measurements. Currently there are known many techniques and devices for assesment of wastewater parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand,...
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The Influent Effects of Flow Rate Profile on thePerformance of Microbial Fuel Cells Model
PublikacjaThe energy contained in wastewaters has been identified as a promising sustainableenergy resource that could be harvested by using microbial fuel cells (MFC). When dealing with realwastewaters, the MFCs should be able to manage high flow rates and flow rates fluctuations. In thiswork, the short-term effects of the influent flow rate variations on the performance of a microbialfuel cell has been studied. With this aim, the influent...
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The Indonesian economy in 2005: An analysis using the input-output approach
PublikacjaThis study aims to analyze the economic conditions of Indonesia in 2005. This study employs Input-Output (IO) analysis as an analysis instrument. The data of this study is the Indonesian IO table for 2005. Thus, the Indonesian economy is represented by Indonesian industrial sectors mentioned in the data. There are nine industries used in the present study, namely (1) agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishery, (2) mining and...
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Nonstandard Equivalence Scales and their Applications for European Union Countries
PublikacjaThe aim of this study is twofold. First, we propose new methods of estimating equivalence scales. We call these methods nonstandard to distinguish them from the standard procedures based on the microeconomic theory of demand systems. Searching for the ‘as simple as possible’ method has been a leitmotiv of this study. Second, we estimate various forms of equivalence scales for 28 European Union (EU) member countries and four non-member...
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Key activities to improve energy management in DC microgrids connected by urban traction
PublikacjaDC MicroGrids must have Energy Management Systems to guarantee efficient, dependable, and environmentally friendly electricity. The application of Model Predictive Control, proved to be helpful due to its adaptability and capacity to use non-linear models. This paper, based on an extensive literature review, identifies and discusses the three key activities to improve the characteristics of DC MicroGrids, i.e.: the use of Energy...
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Mobility Oriented Development (MOD): Public-Private Partnership in Urban Parking & Traffic Management with the Use of Autonomous Automobiles, Car-Sharing, Ridesharing Modes of Transport & Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
PublikacjaThe focus of the following research are relations between mobility technologies and metropolitan (urban and suburban) spatial structures. In this paper the author discusses various urban modes of transport (automobile, mass transit) in the context of emerging technical (autonomous vehicles, self-driving cars and driverless shuttles) and organizational (carpooling, ridesharing, car-sharing, on-demand mobility) solutions for " mobility...
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Pier of the future- investigation of green and blue strategies as tools for modernization of Gdynia's public waterfront
PublikacjaBetween rising water levels and global migration to cities, architects and designers need to critically reimagine the relationship between coastal landscapes and public space. Cities are facing entirely new risks and environmental conditions. Resiliency, infrastructure, and ecology are increasingly common terms, reflecting the growing demand to address the spatial and formal challenges faced by cities worldwide. Rethinking boundaries...
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Detection of the Oocyte Orientation for the ICSI Method Automation
PublikacjaAutomation or even computer assistance of the popular infertility treatment method: ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) would speed up the whole process and improve the control of the results. This paper introduces a preliminary research for automatic spermatozoon injection into the oocyte cytoplasm. Here, the method for detection a correct orientation of the polar body of the oocyte is presented. Proposed method uses deep...
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Security Evaluation of IT Systems Underlying Critical Networked Infrastructures
PublikacjaCritical infrastructures have become highly dependent on information and communication technology (ICT). The drawback of this situation is that the consequences of disturbances of the underlying ICT networks may be serious as cascading effects can occur. This raises a high demand for security assurance, with a high importance assigned to security evaluations. In this paper we present an experiment-centric approach for the characterisation...
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Performance Modeling and Prediction of Real Application Workload in a Volunteer-based System
PublikacjaThe goal of this paper is to present a model that predicts the real workload placed on a volunteer based system by an application, with incorporation of not only performance but also availability of volunteers. The application consists of multiple data packets that need to be processed. Knowing the computational workload demand of a single data packet we show how to estimate the application workload in a volunteer based system. Furthermore,...
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Prediction of consumer electricity needs based on Internet weather forecasts
PublikacjaElectrical energy is considered both as an important driver for producing and transporting goods in companies, as well as a good in itself which requires planning and management for generating and delivering it to consumers in proper time and amounts. Weather information can be considered to convey part of the data on energy delivery needs of consumers. Free meteorological data sources on the Web do not offer consistent data to...
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The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation
PublikacjaAn important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related...
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ECONOMIC MEASURES AGAINST A PANDEMICS
PublikacjaThe appropriate level of treatment during periods of increasing workload in the health care system or a particular hospital is ensured either by changing the organization of the system and the principles of use of resources such as space, staff and consumables or their redistribution, or by financial resources such resources are increased or replenished. This article contributes to improve the concept of resource allocation as...
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The UK's banking system as financial hub for Islamic banking
PublikacjaThis paper examines the phenomenon of London as "the Islamic banking hub". It contends that London has become not only an international centre for Islamic finance, but also that there is big interest and demand for Islamic banking products. The authors are also positive that Islamic banking may be a certain solution for the problems that Europe has been suffering since 2007 when the global debt crisis started. Our intention is...
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Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
PublikacjaThe enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevitable effect on the environment. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester, mainly...
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Smart skills and education in a future economy
PublikacjaWhether the role of education is to prepare people for employment or to have meaningful lives in general, it will identify and develop skills and competencies, as well as vocational and personal attributes. Skills, such as critical thinking, novel ideation, and complex cognitive and social skills, are areas where humans continue to outperform smart machines. The purpose of this article is to review the skills and competencies that...
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The Impact of Direct Normal Irradiation on the Solar Tower Power Plant Performance based on Real and Satellite Data: Analysis on Algerian Regions
PublikacjaThe present paper presents a deep study on the possibility of implementing Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants in Algeria for the production of the electrical energy. Indeed, this paper focusses mainly on the main parameters, which can have an important impact on the choice of the location, the dimension and the available thermal energy storage system. In this study, three main parameters are investigate...