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Search results for: ABSORPTION OF GAMMA RADIATION
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Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Azobenzene Derivatives Modified with an (Amino)naphthalene Moiety
PublicationThe design of two-photon absorbing azobenzene (AB) derivatives has received much attention; however, the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of bis-conjugated azobenzene systems are relatively less explored. Here, we present the synthesis of six azobenzene derivatives and three bisazobenzenes substituted (or not) at para position(s) with one or two amino group(s). Their linear and nonlinear absorption properties are studied...
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Solvent dependency of carbon dioxide Henry's constant in aqueous solutions of choline chloride-ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent
PublicationThe Henry's constants of carbon dioxide absorbed in aqueous solutions of ethaline (choline chloride-ethylene glycol) were determined for temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 323.15 K based on solubility measurement at CO2 pressure ranging from 0 to 6 bar (0.6 MPa). These studies revealed that the Henry's constant increased with the increase of temperature. Data indicated the highest capacity of CO2 absorption is obtained for ethaline...
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Bioavailability of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols: a Still to Be Studied Phenomenon
PublicationPurpose of Review Polyphenols are a group of plant secondary metabolites characterized with the presence ofmultiples of phenol structural units. Tannins are plant originated phenolic substances, which play an important role in plant defense system as well as have found applications in medicine, industry, and other fields of human activity. Despite these, the mechanisms of bioavailability of these substances are poorly studied and...
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Advanced super-hydrophobic polymer-based porous absorbents for the treatment of oil-polluted water
PublicationThe threat of environmental pollution caused by spilled oil is rapidly increasing along with the expansion of oil exploration, the development of maritime activities and industrial growth. Oil spill incidents usually affect seriously the ecosystem and human life. Therefore, the treatment and recovery of the oil spill have been considered as an ultra-important issue to protect the environment and to minimize its negative impacts...
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Niebezpieczeństwo ukryte w żywności-aminy biogenne. Cz. II. Metody oznaczania i wyzwania.
PublicationZe względu na aktywność biologiczną amin biogennych ich oznaczanie zarówno jakościowe, jak i ilościowe w żywności ma istotne znaczenie w celu zapewnienia ochrony zdrowia i życia ludzkiego. Obecnie do monitoringu amin biogennych w żywności najczęściej wykorzystuje się: wysokosprawną chromatografię cieczową (HPLC), chromatografię cienkowarstwową (TLC) oraz absorpcyjną spektrofotometrię cząsteczkową. Są to jednak techniki czasochłonne,...
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The effect of preparation route on structure and photocatalytic properties of bimetallic nanoparticles (Au/Pd, and Au/Pt) deposited at TiO2 surface
PublicationNoble metal nanoparticles have often been used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and to extend the absorption wavelength from the ultraviolet to visible region. Bimetallic nanoparticles, composed of two different metal elements, can exhibit peculiar electronic, optical, and catalytic or photocatalytic properties that are absent in the corresponding monometallic nanoparticles. In this work we show the effect kind and...
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Local atomic order in low Pt-content nanocatalysts investigated in situ by XAS
PublicationThe unique features of X-ray absorption spectroscopy allow investigations of nanosized catalysts for fuel cells under working conditions. We present the results of an experiment carried out on a low Pt content electrocatalyst supported by a mesoporous heteropolyacid salt and used at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The analysis of the EXAFS signal at the Pt L3-edge indicates that upon operating the fuel...
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Rigid polyurethane foams modified with selected flame retardants
PublicationThe flame retardants: expandable graphite, triethylphosphatehas been used in rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). The influence of fillers amounts on processing parameters, physical-mechanical properties (compression strength, density, water absorption, brittleness)and thermal properties (thermal stability) of such foams has been analyzed.The gel, cram and rise time for PUFs modified with flame retardant has been observed during synthesis...
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Chromogenic derivatives of new bis(phenylhydrazono-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-acetonitriles) - synthesis and properties
PublicationDerivatives of bis(phenylhydrazono-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-acetonitriles) with oxygen and sulphur atoms in the structure of aliphatic chains were successfully synthesised. The correlation between the ligand structure and its complexation properties was investigated by absorption spectroscopy. The formation of complexes of presented compounds with metal cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+) was studied. Ligands 5-8 were additionally...
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Roadmap on dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase
PublicationThis roadmap article highlights recent advances, challenges and future prospects in studies of the dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase. It comprises nineteen contributions by scientists with leading expertise in complementary experimental and theoretical techniques to probe the dynamics on timescales spanning twenty orders of magnitudes, from attoseconds to minutes and beyond, and for systems ranging in complexity...
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The Imaging of Gdansk Bay Seabed by Using Side Sonar
PublicationThis paper is mainly aimed at presentation of an impact of environmental conditions on imaging accuracy by using hydro-acoustic systems in waters of a high non-uniformity of spatial distribution of hydrological parameters. Impact of refraction on erroneous estimation of range, in case of wave radiation into water under a large angle, like in side sonars or multi-beam echo-sounders, is especially important. In this paper seasonal...
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Absorbing Boundary Conditions Derived Based on Pauli Matrices Algebra
PublicationIn this letter, we demonstrate that a set of absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) for numerical simulations of waves, proposed originally by Engquist and Majda and later generalized by Trefethen and Halpern, can alternatively be derived with the use of Pauli matrices algebra. Hence a novel approach to the derivation of one-way wave equations in electromagnetics is proposed. That is, the classical wave equation can be factorized...
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Electromodulation of photoluminescence in vacuum-evaporated films of bathocuproine
PublicationElectric field-modulated photoluminescence (EML) was measured in vacuum-evaporated films of bathocuproine (BCP), electron-transporting material commonly used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The external electric field of 106 V/cm strength decreases long-wavelength photoluminescence (PL) up to 10% but the same effect on short-wavelength PL is above one order of magnitude smaller. The distinctive difference between the...
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Use of optical skin phantoms for calibration of dermatological lasers
PublicationA wide range of dermatological diseases can be efficiently treated using laser heating. Nevertheless, before the new laser is introduced into clinical practice, its parameters and ability to interact with human skin have to be carefully examined. In order to do that optical skin phantoms can be used. Such phantoms closely imitate the scattering and absorption properties of real human skin tissue along with its thermal properties,...
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MINERAL CONTENT OF TREE SAP FROM THE SUBCARPATHIAN REGION
Publicationbut also as medicinal substance in folk medicine. Traditionally, it was used to treat various conditions, mostly anaemia and chronic fatigue. This study has been designed to establish the content of metallic elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper) in sap collected from eight different species (silver birch, downy birch, hornbeam, Norway maple, boxelder maple, black walnut, black alder and white willow)...
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Unravelling the role of electron–hole pair spin in exciton dissociation in squaraine-based organic solar cells by magneto-photocurrent measurements
PublicationA high absorption coefficient and narrow absorption bands in squaraine (SQ) dyes have resulted in rapidly growing interest in them as a donor material in photovoltaic devices. The exciton dissociation process in organic systems proceeds via a multistep mechanism where the electron–hole pairs (charge transfer states) involved in the current generation process determine the recombination losses and subsequently limit the overall...
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Hybrid P3HT: PCBM/GaN nanowire/Si cascade heterojunction for photovoltaic application
PublicationPoly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are commonly used for the fabrication of organic photovoltaics (OPV). Efficiency limitations of OPVs could be circumvented by incorporation of inorganic nanostructures into organic blends. Again, integration of organic solar cells with well-developed silicon photovoltaic technology is ultimately desirable. In present work, GaN nanowires with diameters...
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Triplet Formation and Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Iodine Substituted Non‐Orthogonal BODIPY‐Perylene Dyads
PublicationBODIPY-perylene dyads have emerged as useful metal free sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTAUC), these dyads are capable of efficient triplet generation via spinorbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). This important route to triplet formation requires dyads in which two moieties are oriented perpendicular to each other. In this contribution, we give a deeper insight on the behavior of recently...
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Hydrogen migration in formation of NH(A3Π) radicals in photodissociations of isoxazole and pyridine molecules
PublicationIn the present study, the H atom migration was observed in the photodissociation processes of the isoxazole and pyridine molecules in the gas-phase, applying the photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (PIFS).
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Association between plasma proteome profiles analysed by mass spectrometry, a lymphocyte-based DNA-break repair assay and radiotherapy-induced acute mucosal reaction in head and neck cancer patients
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High Pressure Spectroscopy of Ce Doped Yag Crystal
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Crystal field model of the three principal Cr3+centers in LiTaO3
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Use of a 3D printer to create a bolus for patients undergoing tele-radiotherapy
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Spectroscopic studies of Nb-doped tricalcium phosphate glass-ceramics prepared by sol-gel method
PublicationCalcium-phosphate based glasses and glass-ceramics play a crucial role in the tissue engineering development. Apart from their high biocompatibility and excellent ability to undergo varying degrees of resorbability1, they exhibit relatively high bioactivity and due to that they are commonly used as bone and dental implants. A substantial research effort is devoted to improve calcium-phosphate materials physico-chemical properties...
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Valence and ionic lowest-lying electronic states of small esters studied by high resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption, photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
PublicationEsters are an important class of oxygenated volatile organic compounds used in food flavorings, perfumes and other cosmetic products. They are present in fruits and pheromones and are emitted to the atmosphere naturally. Esters are also formed in the atmosphere as a product of the oxidation of ethers. Some of them form poly-molecule chains and are used in plastics. Phosphoesters form DNA backbone, while nitroesters are known for...
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Copper defects and conductivity in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glasses.
Publication(Bi0.8Pb0.2) 4Sr3Ca3Cu4Ox częściowo skrystalizowane próbki otrzymano poprzez wygrzewanie szkła w wysokiej temperaturze. Badano je metodą EPR w zakresie temperatur od 4K do 300K. Koncentracja paramagnetycznych centrów Cu2+ zmniejsza się wraz ze wzrostem przewodnictwa elektrycznego i znika po skrystalizowaniu faz nadprzewodzących.
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Quantitative study of free convective heat losses from thermodynamic partitions using Thermal Imaging
PublicationThe following paper presents a simple method of determining the presence, distribution and values of heat losses from external building walls as thermodynamic partitions using a Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC). According to Fourier's equation, the value of heat loss is proportional to the temperature gradient ∂t/∂y|y=0 in air in the y direction perpendicular to the heated surface. Unfortunately, air temperature cannot be measured...
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FURTHER REMARKS ON THE NEO-CLASSICAL NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS
PublicationThe seminal Navier-Stokes equations have been stated yet before creation of principles of thermodynamics and the first and second laws. In the literature there is the common opinion that the Navier-Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of “working fluid” which is able to describe transformation of “ heat” into “work” and vice versa. Therefore, in the paper, a new exposition of thermodynamically...
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Removal of indicator bacteria from treated wastewater using physical and chemical methods. Pilot plant study.
PublicationEven after highly efficient biological processes the effluents from wastewater treatment plants may contain significant number of fecal bacteria, from 104 to 106 CFU/100 mL. Since no standards are set on the bacteriological quality of treated wastewater in Poland the elimination of bacterial contaminants is not a priority in wastewater treatment policy. Thus microbiological hazards become particularly significant in the situation...
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Exploring the Beam Squint Effects on Reflectarray Perfromance: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Specular and Scattered Reflection of the Unit Cell
PublicationIn this article, the phenomena of beam deviation in reflectarray is discussed. The radiation pattern of the unit cell, which plays a vital role in shaping the beam of the reflectarray, is analyzed by considering undesired specular and scattered reflections. These unwanted reflections adversely affect the pattern of the single unit cell, thereby reducing the overall performance of the reflectarray. To conduct our investigations,...
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Currently Commercially Available Chemical Sensors Employed for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Outdoor and Indoor Air
PublicationThe paper presents principle of operation and design of the most popular chemical sensors for measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor and indoor air. It describes the sensors for evaluation of explosion risk including pellistors and IR-absorption sensors as well as the sensors for detection of toxic compounds such as electrochemical (amperometric), photoionization and semiconductor with solid electrolyte ones....
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Przydatność badania spirometrycznego w diagnostyce mikroangiopatii płucnej
PublicationMikroangiopatia płucna jest słabo poznanym upośledzeniem funkcji układu oddechowego w wyniku długotrwałej cukrzycy. Do chwili obecnej nie opracowano prostej i skutecznej metody wykrywania mikroangiopatii płucnej. Celem tej publikacji jest przedstawienie przeprowadzonych badań nad praktycznym wykorzystaniem wyników badania spirometrycznego w diagnostyce mikroangiopatii płucnej. Badanie spirometryczne jest tanie i powszechnie stosowane...
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Algorytm automatycznego rozpoznawania treści tablicy rejestracyjnej i wyszukiwania pojazdów w bazie danych
PublicationReferat opisuje algorytm rozpoznawania znaków zawartych w tablicy rejestracyjnej oraz współpracę algorytmu z bazą danych tablic rejestracyjnych. Przedstawiono metodę rozpoznawania znaków wykorzystującą obraz ze zlokalizowaną wcześniej tablicą rejestracyjną. Obraz tablicy jest poddawany przetwarzaniu wstępnemu. Wykonywane są operacje automatycznego wykrywania rotacji tablicy, normalizowania histogramu, dostosowania współczynnika...
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Current situation in Polish nuclear medicine and Polish example of model Nuclear Medicine Centre meeting European Union requirements
PublicationNuclear medicine is currently a well-established part of medicine. It is applied in many fields of clinical medicine and science like endocrinology, oncology, cardiology, molecular medicine and engineering, radiopharmacy, physics and information science. Due to its increasing importance and application, several regulation and supervision bodies have been founded to ensure safe usage of radiation and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic...
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Nonlinear Excitation of the Non-Wave Perturbations by the Magnetoacoustic Waves in the Non-Isentropic Plasma
PublicationNonlinear excitation of slow modes by the planar magnetosonic perturbations in a plasma is discussed. Plasma is an open system due to radiation and external heating. This may stipulate enhancement of wave perturbations and hence the acoustical activity of plasma. Plasma is assumed to be a homogeneous ideal gas with infinite electrical conductivity. The straight magnetic field is orthogonal to the velocity of fluid’s...
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T1 RELAXATION TIME CALLIBRATION IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING USING NANODIAMOND PHANTOMS
PublicationMRI is increasingly used in radiation treatment planning because of the excellent soft tissue contrast in the obtained images. It allows more precise definition of the boundaries between healthy tissues and those affected by cancerous lesions. To obtain good image quality, the difference in signal between two types of tissue must be significant despite the noise so it must be properly calibrated. This calibration includes...
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Possibilities of radioisotope measuring in control of an unstable solid particles hydrotransport
PublicationThe paper presents γ-radiation proposal to control a multiphase flow, independently from circumstances. So this method may be applied even in compound industrial or environmental processes. Moreover in many cases, it is the only method for applications for dense mixture containing coarse angular grains. The constructed equipment allows continuous measurement of density as well as solid phase for both concentration and average velocity....
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Degradation of protective coatings in steel chimneys of flue gas desulfurisation system
PublicationThis paper presents problems associated with corrosion of steel stacks and changes in philosophy of corrosion protection when implemented into flue gas desulphurization systems. In-situ tests were taken by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the stack which discharges flue gas before wet lime/limestone desulphurization. A very quick electrolyte absorption by the spherical infill vinylester coating was found using...
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Porous Phantoms Mimicking Tissues – Investigation of Optical Parameter Stability Over Time
PublicationIn terms of optical parameters, optical phantoms can now replace live tissues and be used to validate optical measurement methods. Therefore, whether these parameters would be maintained after storage for 6 months was examined. The absorption and scattering coefficients were obtained from the measured transmittance and reflectance measurements taken 6 months apart and then compared. All of the measurements were conducted using...
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Design of a Planar UWB Dipole Antenna with an Integrated Balun Using Surrogate-Based Optimization
PublicationA design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with an integrated balun is presented. A fully planar balun configuration interfacing the microstrip input of the structure to the coplanar stripline (CPS) input of the dipole antenna is introduced. The electromagnetic (EM) model of the structure of interest includes the dipole, the balun, and the microstrip input to account for coupling and radiation effects over the UWB band. The EM...
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An Analysis of Elliptical-Rectangular Multipatch Structure on Dielectric-Coated Confocal and Nonconfocal Elliptic Cylinders
PublicationA rigorous analysis of the resonance frequency problem of an elliptical-rectangular microstrip structure mounted on dielectric-coated elliptic conducting cylinder, with electrically small radius, is investigated in this paper. A full-wave analysis and a moment-method calculation are employed. The analysis is carried out considering the expansion of the field as a series of Mathieu functions. The complex resonance frequencies of...
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Air journal bearing utilizing near-field acoustic levitation: stationary shaft case
PublicationResults of a study to examine a unique idea of self-levitating journal bearing are presented in this paper. the idea represents a radical departure from the current bearing technology. it utilisesacoustic levitation, which relies on the sound energy radiated by an object supporting a load. acoustic levitation has been demonstrated to support loads of up to 10 kg. in order to support a load theacoustic wave emitted by the radiating...
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Inner-shell fragmentation of molecules into neutral fragments in high-Rydberg states induced by soft X-ray excitation with pulsed-field ionization
PublicationIn the present communication, we will show the results of measurements probing the production of neutral high-Rydberg fragments at the K edges of the molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The experiments were performed at the Gas Phase beamline of the Elettra synchrotron radiation laboratory (Trieste, Italy), exploiting a combined soft X-ray excitation with pulsed-field ionization and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry...
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Optical properties of the chemotherapy drugs used in the central nervous system lymphoma therapy: monitoring drug delivery
PublicationOur aim is to optically monitor the delivery of the chemotherapy drugs for brain tumours, particularly used in the central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma therapy. In vivo monitoring would help to optimize the treatment and avoiding unnecessary medications. Moreover, it would be beneficial to be able to measure which of the multi-regimen drugs actually do penetrate and how well into the brain tissue. There exist several potential...
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The role of bile salts in digestion
PublicationBile salts (BS) are bio-surfactants present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The importance of BS for controlled release and transport of lipid soluble nutrients and drugs has recently stimulated scientific interest in these physiological compounds. BS are so-called facial amphiphiles showing a molecular structure that is very distinct from classical surfactants....
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New Carvone-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Siloxanes Capture from Biogas
PublicationDuring biogas combustion, siloxanes form deposits of SiO2 on engine components, thus shortening the lifespan of the installation. Therefore, the development of new methods for the purification of biogas is receiving increasing attention. One of the most effective methods is physical absorption with the use of appropriate solvents. According to the principles of green engineering, solvents should be biodegradable, non-toxic, and...
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Evaluation of bacterial strains for developing effective plant growth promoting strain on chickpea growth and physico chemical properties of soil
PublicationThe study was intended to isolate and characterize the plant growth-promoting properties. A collection of microbial consortia called plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) work to increase crop growth and yield through a variety of direct mechanisms, including as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, synthesis of PGH, ammonia, and siderophore, as well as indirect mechanisms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the...
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Spin-Resolved Band Structure of Hoffman Clathrate [Fe(pz)2Pt(CN)4] as an Essential Tool to Predict Optical Spectra of Metal–Organic Frameworks
PublicationParamount spin-crossover properties of the 3D-Hoffman metalorganic framework (MOF) [Fe(pz)2Pt(CN)4] are generally described on the basis of the ligand field theory, which provides adequate insight into theoretical and simulation analysis of spintronic complexes. However, the ligand field approximation does not take into account the 3D periodicity of the actual complex lattice and surface effects and therefore cannot predict a full-scale...
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Structural investigations of niobium-doped bioactive calcium-phosphate glass-ceramics by means of spectroscopic studies
PublicationSynthetic calcium-phosphate based glasses and glass-ceramics play a crucial role in the development of tissue engineering. These materials have a high biocompatibility with biological analogues, excellent ability to undergo varying degrees of resorbability and due to their non-toxicity and relatively high bioactivity they are commonly used as bone and dental implants. A substantial research effort is devoted to improve synthetic...
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Investigating the Impact of Curing System on Structure-Property Relationship of Natural Rubber Modified with Brewery By-Product and Ground Tire Rubber
PublicationThe application of wastes as a filler/reinforcement phase in polymers is a new strategy to modify the performance properties and reduce the price of biocomposites. The use of these fillers, coming from agricultural waste (cellulose/lignocellulose-based fillers) and waste rubbers, constitutes a method for the management of post-consumer waste. In this paper, highly-filled biocomposites based on natural rubber (NR) and ground tire...