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Search results for: xrd
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Thermal treatment of montmorillonite modified with Cd[SC(NH2)2]42+ from two polymorphic salts
PublicationMontmorillonite(MMT)/CdS nanocomposites can be obtained using simple ionic exchange between Na(I)-MMT and Cd[SC(NH2)2]42+∙2NO3. The resulting products may be annealed to give (MMT)/CdS nanocomposites as it was proved by XRD analysis.
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Wytwarzanie i modyfikacja powierzchni porowatych struktur tytanowych przeznaczonych na implanty
PublicationCelem pracy było wytworzenie stopu Ti-13Nb-13Zr z wykorzystaniem technologii selektywnego topienia laserowego (SLM) oraz jego biofunkcjonalizacja za pomocą utleniania mikrołukowego (MAO), a następnie określenie wpływu parametrów procesowych na właściwości otrzymanych materiałów pod kątem ich zastosowania na implanty. Oceniono wpływ napięcia, natężenia i czasu procesu MAO przeprowadzanego w elektrolicie zawierającym wapń i fosfor...
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Physicochemical and photocatalytic data of Cu-TiO2/Ti3C2 composites
Open Research DataIn this dataset, we include the data regarding the physicochemical properties (XRD, DR/UV-vis, photoluminescence, electrochemistry) and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Ti3C2 and Cu-TiO2/Ti3C2 composites in the reaction of carbamazepine degradation. Herein we present the results for pure TiO2/Ti3C2 and composites modified with copper particles (0.25%,...
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The structure of vanadate glass-ceramics containing BaTiO3 measured with X-ray diffraction method
Open Research DataThe structure of vanadate glass-ceramics doped with BaTiO3 was measured by XRD. Samples of the composition of x[BaO,TiO2]–(80 − x)V2O5–20Bi2O3 where x = 5, 10 and 15 in mol% were prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique. The melting was performed in alumina crucibles at the temperature of 1273 K–1373 K. The melts were poured on a preheated...
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Structural and luminescence properties of B2O3-Bi2O3+10AlF3 glasses doped with Eu3+/Dy3+ ions
Open Research DataThe attached data contains the results of measurements of B2O3-Bi2O3 and B2O3-Bi2O3+10AlF3 glasses doped with Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions in different molar ratios. Glasses were synthesized by the melt quenching technique. On their basis, the structural, optical, and luminescence properties of synthesized samples were characterized. The dataset includes XRD,...
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Transparent thin films of Cu-TiO2 with visible light photocatalytic acitivity
PublicationThin films of Cu–TiO2 with a high level of transparency were prepared by a dip-coating procedure on the glass surface. CuCl2 was used as a copper precursor added during sol – gel synthesis of TiO2. The extension of optical absorption into the visible region of as-prepared thin films was indicated by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Only the anatase phase was detected by X-ray di ffraction analysis (XRD). The presence of copper in the structure...
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Ocena warunków procesu precypitacji węglanu wapnia w reaktorze gaz(CO2)-lift
PublicationOtrzymywano węglan wapnia w reakcji wodorotlenku wapnia z dwutlenkiem węgla. Zbadano wpływ stężenia Ca(OH)2 oraz prędkości przepływu dwutlenku węgla na czas reakcji i wykorzystanie CO2. Określono strukturę otrzymanych cząstek CaCO3 za pomocą XRD.
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Influence of controlled crystallization and SrF2 content on the structure and properties of Eu3+ doped phosphate glasses
Open Research DataThe attached data contains the results of measurements of phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics doped with Eu. On their basis, the new material was characterized and the influence of the SrF2 addition on the glass structure was determined. In addition, the influence of the SrF2 content and controlled crystallization on the luminescent properties of Eu3+...
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X-Ray difractogramms of multicomponent perovskites
Open Research DataThe dataset contains raw XRD patterns of four exemplary barium perovskites having 5 different B-cations, that is Zr, Hf, Sn, Ti and Ce, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ti and Y, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ti and Yb and Zr, Hf, Sn, Ti and Sm. The perovskites were synthesised and studied in the NCN project "High entropy oxides for energy conversion"
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CuMn1.7Fe0.3O4 – RE2O3 (RE=Y, Gd) bilayers as protective interconnect coatings for Solid Oxide Cells
PublicationEfficient replacement of materials based on critical elements such as cobalt is one of the greatest challenges facing the field of solid oxide cells. New generation materials, free of cobalt show potential to replace conventional materials. However, these materials are characterized by poor ability to block chromium diffusion. This article described the study of CuMn1.7Fe0.3O4 (CMFO) spinel combined with single metal oxide (Y2O3...
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Characterization of PLZT Thin Films for Fast Electro-Optical Sampling Circuits
PublicationW artykule omówiono technologię wytwarzania cienkich warstw wybranych kompozycji ceramik ołowiowo-lantanowo-cyrkonowo-tytanowych, nazywanych ceramikami PLZT. Przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości warstw za pomocą techniki XRD. wyniki pomiaru grubości warstw, ich względnej przenikalności dielektrycznej i współczynnika załamania. Omówiono kierunki dalszych prac.
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Synthesis and properties of the double perovskites La2NiVO6, La2CoVO6 i La2CoTiO6
PublicationW publikacji przedstawiono sposób syntezy, analizę dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej (xrd) i badania podatności magnetycznej tzw. podwójnych związków perowskitowych La2NiVO6, La2CoVO6 i La2CoTiO6. Badane związki są półprzewodnikami ze stosunkowo wąską szerokością przerwy energetycznej dla La2NiVO6, La2CoVO6 i nieznacznie powyżej 1 eV powyżej La2CoTiO6.
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Synthesis, thermal, structural and electrical properties of vanadium-doped lithium-manganese-borate glass and nanocomposites
PublicationA glassy sample with a nominal formula LiMn1−3x/2VxBO3 (where x = 0.05) was synthesised using the melt-quenching method. Material was characterised by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffactometry (XRD) at room temperature and as a function of temperature (HT-XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), impedance spectroscopy (IS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dependences of glass transition and crystallisation...
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The Effect of Calcination Temperature on Structure and Photocatalytic Properties of WO3/TiO2 Nanocomposites
PublicationSeries ofWO3/TiO2 nanocompositeswere obtained by hydrothermal method followed by calcination in the temperature range from 400∘C to 900∘C. The characteristics of photocatalysts by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed that increasing the calcination temperature from 400 to 900∘C resulted in change of photocatalytic activity under UV-Vis light.Moreover,...
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Investigating COVID-19 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) degradation using Peroxydisulfate/FeMnOx binary metal oxide/Ultrasound System
PublicationDegradation of Favipiravir using a hybrid system of peroxydisulfate, FeMnOx binary metal oxide, and ultrasound irradiation was studied. A novel catalyst was synthesized with deep eutectic solvent (DES). The effects of DES type on catalytic performance was evaluated and the catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, and EDS. DES-based catalysts exhibited higher efficiency due to structure change, surface area enhancement...
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Nowy sposób otrzymywania warstw TiO2 domieszkowanego azotem
PublicationPraca zostala poświęcona nowemu sposobowi wprowadzenia atomów azotu do struktury ditlenku tytanu. Modyfikacja została osiagnięta dzieki zastosowaniu prekursora ditlenu tytanu gdzie ligandy zawierają w sobie atom azotu. Otrzymany materiał na drodze zasadowej hydrolizy został zbadany za pomoca spektroskopii UV-Vis i pomiarów XRD.
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Balanand Santhosh Ph.D.
PeopleDr. Balanand Santhosh, obtained his Ph.D. (cum laude) in Materials, Mechatronics and Systems engineering from the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Italy. He is currently working as Research Assistant Professor at Gdansk Univerity of Technology, Poland. Formerly he was working as a post-doctoral researcher at University of Trento, Italy. His research expertise is mainly in the area of ceramic processing...
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Electronic and ionic relaxations in strontium-borate glass and glass-ceramics containing bismuth and vanadium oxides
PublicationThe topography, microstructure and electrical properties of strontium-borate glass and SBO glass containing bismuth and vanadium oxides, were studied. The structure was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The A.C. complex conductivity was investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The influence of the quantity of bismuth...
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Physicochemical and photocatalytic data of Nb-doped faceted TiO2
Open Research DataRaw numerical data, obtained from the physicochemical measurements (XRD, DR-UV/Vis, EPR) and numerical data on photocatalytic activity (phenol degradation and 4-nitrophenol reduction) extracted from the HPLC-DAD results, obtained for the TiO2 nanoparticles that expose majority of the {0 0 1}, {1 0 0} or {1 0 1} facets and were doped with the nominal...
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Research 1: Heterojunction of (P, S) co-doped g-C3N4 and 2D TiO2 for improved carbamazepine and acetaminophen photocatalytic degradation
Open Research DataThe first research article consisted on the synthesis of phosphorus and sulfur co-doped graphitic carbon nitride incorporated in 2D TiO2 structure for solar-driven degradation of emerging pollutants from the group of pharmaceuticals not susceptible to biodegradation. The hybrid photocatalysts with different loadings of (P, S)-doped g-C3N4 were characterized...
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Physical and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane faoms modified with selected flame retardants or layered silicates
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę pianek poliuretanowych zawierających klasyczne środki uniepalniające oraz nanonapełniacze z grupy glinokrzemianów warstwowych. Zbadano wpływ zarówno nanonapełniaczy na bazie naturalnego montmorylonitu, jak i modyfikowanych glinokrzemianów. Uzyskane spienione poliuretanowe o zmniejszonej palności charakteryzowano z wykorzystaniem różnych technik badawczych, między innymi wykonano badania DMA,...
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Assessment of FSW Welds Made of Aluminum Alloy AW7075-T651.
PublicationThis paper summarizes the results of experimental studies in which the aluminum alloy AW7075-T651 was friction stir welded (FSW) using various combinations of process parameters (rotational - R and travel speed - T). Mechanical properties of the test welds were assessed by using static tensile test and Vickers hardness measurement. The temperature of the welded plates was monitored during welding by means of thermocouples placed...
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Manufacture and research of TPS/PE biocomposites properties
PublicationIn this paper the process of native starch preparing for modification by extrusion and manufacture of biocomposites is presented. The first aim of this study was to determine the mixing and granulating condition of native starch to obtain granulated native starch. For mixing and granulation of native starch Intensive Mixer manufactured by Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich was used. Mixing and granulation in a single process is a new...
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On electrical and photoconductive properties of mixed Nb2O5/TiO2 sol-gel thin films
PublicationPraca prezentuje wyniki przewodnictwa elektrycznego i fotoprzewodnictwa cienkich warstw TiO2 i Nb2O5/TiO2 otrzymanych metodą zol-żel. Pomiary przeprowadzono w funkcji temperatury i natężenia oświetlenia zarówno w próżni jak i w powietrzu. Struktura warstw została zbadana metodami XRD oraz AFM. W pracy zaobserwowano zaobserwowano spadek fotoprzewodnictwa wraz z zawartością Nb2O5
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The luminescence study of Sr2TiO4:Sm3+ coumpounds.
Open Research DataA luminescent material based on the strontium orthotitanate (Sr2TiO4) matrix doped with 1% of a mole of samarium was obtained using the typical solid-state synthesis method under a neutral atmosphere of nitrogen. The sample was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and several luminescence techniques to study the phase composition, luminescence...
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Morphology and structure of ammonium vanadates synthesis by hydrothermal method
Open Research DataThe DataSet contains the XRD patterns, FTIR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of ammonium vanadates synthesis by hydrothermal method from different NH4VO3 precursors. The results reveal that a mixture of (NH4)V4O10xH2O and(NH4)0.76V4O10 was obtained for both precursors, however the contribution of each phase was different for...
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Boron-Doped Diamond/GaN Heterojunction—The Influence of the Low-Temperature Deposition
PublicationWe report a method of growing a boron-doped diamond film by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition utilizing a pre-treatment of GaN substrate to give a high density of nucleation. CVD diamond was deposited on GaN substrate grown epitaxially via the molecular-beam epitaxy process. To obtain a continuous diamond film with the presence of well-developed grains, the GaN substrates are exposed to hydrogen plasma prior to deposition....
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Preparation and characterization of TiO2 nanostructures for catalytic CO2 photoconversion
PublicationThe titanium dioxide target (99.7%) of 1 cm in dia was ablated in vacuum by laser pulses(6 ns) at 266 nm and at repetition rate of 10 Hz. During deposition the laser fluence between 1 and 3.5 J/cm2 and the O2 pressure from the range of 10-2 - 1 Pa were applied. The thin TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrate (1 × 1 cm2) heated up to 500 °C. The chemical composition of the film and samples produced by annealing were investigated...
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Chemical characteristics of new nanopowder of titania doped with nitrogen atoms
PublicationW pracy zaprezentowano charakterystykę domieszkowanego azotem ditlenku tytanu otrzymanego na drodze jednoetapowej syntezy z kompleksu tytanu (IV) z ligandami zawierającymi atomy azotu. ikrostruktura i morfologia nowego materiału została określony za pomocą badań XRD, AFM, UV-VIS i FT-IR. Raport przedstawia również badania elektrochemiczne, które pozowliły na wyznaczenie potencjału pasma płaskiego na podstawie wykresu Mott
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Structural and electrical transport studies of reduced in hydrogen surfaceof bismuth germanate glass
PublicationOtrzymano nanostruktury krystalicznego bizmutu w matrycy szkła germanowegooraz warstwę nanostruktur krystalicznego bizmutu na powierzchni redukowanegow atmosferze wodoru szkła Bi0.33Ge0.67O1.83. Zaproponowano prosty model bu-dowy zredukowanych szkieł bizmutowo-germanowych potwierdzony wynikami badańAFM i XRD. Zbadano wpływ czasu i temperatury redukcji oraz topnienia bizmu-tu na własności elektryczne badanych szkieł. Przeanalizowano...
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Evolution of the nanostructure of Pt and Pt–Co polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts at successive degradation stages probed by X-ray photoemission
PublicationWe present a set of XPS (X-ray photoemission spectroscopy) measurements and detailed data-analysis of electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on carbon supported catalysts (Pt and Pt–Co) subjected to a step-like potential cycling (accelerated degradation test). The results of the measurements complete and corroborate parallel TEM (transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XAS (X-ray...
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Study of microstress state of P91 steel using complementary mechanical Barkhausen, magnetoacoustic emission, and X-ray diffraction techniques
PublicationThe paper deals with assessment of microstress state of martensite P91 steel using three complementary techniques: mechanical Barkhausen emission, magnetoacoustic emission (MAE), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis. Magnetic coercivity Hc and microstructure were investigated with inductive magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy (MFM), respectively. Internal stress level of P91 steel was modified by heat treatment....
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Fe-modified Mn2CuO4 spinel oxides: coatings based on abundant elements for solid oxide cell interconnects
PublicationThe current state of the art steel interconnect coating materials are based on critical raw material - Co-oxide spinels. Replacing Co-oxide spinels with alternative, abundant materials can reduce the dependence on the critical raw materials. Cobalt-free coatings with the general formula Mn2-xCuFexO4, where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, were electrophoretically deposited on a ferritic stainless-steel support and evaluated. Prior to deposition,...
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Multilayer coatings based on cerium oxide and manganese cobaltite spinel for Crofer22APU SOC interconnects
PublicationThe current state of the art steel interconnect coating materials are based on critical raw material - Co-oxide spinels. Replacing Co-oxide spinels with alternative, abundant materials can reduce the dependence on the critical raw materials. Cobalt-free coatings with the general formula Mn2-xCuFexO4, where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, were electrophoretically deposited on a ferritic stainless-steel support and evaluated. Prior to deposition,...
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The structure of liquid lead: EXAFS and MD studies
PublicationPraca poświecona jest analizie widm XAFS zmierzonych na krawędzi L3dla ciekłego ołowiu. W analizie strukturalnej EXAFS zastosowano podejście GNXAS. Przetestowano kilka modeli strukturalnych, zarówno numerycznych (MD-DLE, MD-TB), jak i tych otrzymanych doświadczalnie (ND, XRD) i ostatecznie zrekonstruowano pierwszy pik w parowej funkcji rozkładu, g(r). Zweryfikowano wcześniejsze doniesienia o obserwownym za pomocą metody XAFS gwałtownym...
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Towards high quality ITO coatings: the impact of nitrogen admixture in HiPIMS discharges
PublicationThe paper reports controlled deposition of optically transparent and electrically conductive ITO films prepared by a combination of rf (13.56 MHz) and High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) systems without any post deposition thermal treatment/annealing. It is shown that (i) reactive admixture of N2 gas to the process and (ii) pressure in the deposition chamber enable to optimize optical properties of ITO films. Furthermore,...
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Electrical conductivity and relaxation processes in V2O5 nanorods prepared by sol–gel method
PublicationProperties of high purity V2O5 nanorods prepared by a sol – gel method are presented. The studied materials were characterized by: X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical impedance was measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The obtained results show that the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The d.c. conductivity...
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Corncob-supported calcium oxide nanoparticles from hen eggshells for cadmium (Cd-II) removal from aqueous solutions; Synthesis and characterization
PublicationThis study investigated the efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) synthesized from waste hen eggshells using a Sol-gel method and supported on corncob bio-adsorbent. The synthesized CaO NPs were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, specific surface area, and TGA. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the influence of process parameters such as adsorbent...
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Limited dissolution of transition metals in the nanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxide
PublicationNanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxides doped with transition metals have gained significant interest recently, mostly in the field of catalysis. Herein, we present the comprehensive studies on ceria doped with 10 mol.% of transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu) synthesized by the reverse microemulsion method. The aim of this work is to study the properties of those materials with the use of different complementary methods like XRD,...
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Solar light driven degradation of textile dye contaminants for wastewater treatment – studies of novel polycationic selenide photocatalyst and process optimization by response surface methodology desirability factor
PublicationThe unplanned anthropogenic activities and raced industrial revolution detrimentally causes serious threat to terrestrial and aquatic life. A high discharge of wastewater from industries using dyes affects living organisms and the environment. This paper presents studies on polycationic selenides (PCS) synthesized by hydrothermal methods for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. The synthesized PCS were confirmed by various characterization...
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Fabrication of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2/C nanocomposite membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells
PublicationA crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite membrane was developed through a phase inversion process for use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFCs). The titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into the PVA polymer matrix to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The membrane samples were further modified with maleic acid, a carboxylic acid acting as the cross-linker,...
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Preparation and characterisation of visible light responsive iodine doped TiO2 electrodes
PublicationPraca przedstawia charakterystykę domieszkowanego jodem ditlenku tytanu (I-TiO2) otrzymanego na drodze hydrotermicznej syntezy, gdzie prekursor stanowiły komplesy tytanu (IV) z ligandami zawierającymi atom jodu. Struktura nowego materiału została opisana za pomocą technik XPS, XRD, UV-vis i FT-IR-ATR. Badania te potwierdziły, że otrzymany proszek I-TiO2 ma zmniejszoną przerwę energetyczną. Praca prezentuje również badania elektrochemiczne...
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Nano-structured Pt embedded in the acidic salts of heteropolymolybdate matrices: MS XAFS study
PublicationMultiple-scattering extended X-ray absorption fine structure (MS EXAFS) study combined with TEM and XRD analysis of a novel Pt-based catalyst operating at low temperature fuel cells (FCs) is presented. Innovation in the case of the considered catalyst resides in the use of a porous inorganic matrix of acidic heteropolymolybdate salts as a catalyst support. Obtained results show the relation between the matrix composition and the...
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Impedance Studies of Phosphate-iron Glasses Containing Niobium and Titanium
PublicationThe ac and dc conductivity in phosphate-iron-niobate glasses with addition of titanium oxide was investigated as a function of temperature and frequency with the use of impedance spectroscopy. The topography and microstructure of glasses were investigated by the means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal microscopy methods. The obtained results show that all samples are amorphous but they...
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Phase Separation and Electrical Properties of Manganese Borosilicate Glasses
PublicationThe structure and electrical properties of manganese borosilicate glasses of a composition of xMnO-(0.8-x)SiO2-(0.2)B2O3 (x=0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 in mol) were investigated by impedance spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and confocal microscopy methods. The influence of composition on the glass structure and electrical properties was discussed. A separation of two amorphous phases was observed and it was concluded that one phase is SiO2-rich and...
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Preparation of TiO2-based catalysts modified with thioacetamide and thiourea for visible light photocatalysis
PublicationZa pomocą dwóch różnych metod preparatyki przygotowano aktywne w świetle widzialnym katalizatory tytanowe modyfikowane tioacetamidem i tiomocznikiem. Aktywność fotokatalityczną otrzymanych proszków zbadano w reakcji degradacji fenolu w roztworze wodnym w obecności światła widzialnego. Zbadano wpływ ilości zastosowanej w trakcie syntezy domieszki organicznej na aktywność fotokatalityczną otrzymanych katalizatorów. Wybrane próbki...
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Effect of WC on electroposition and corossion behaviour of chromium coatings
PublicationWłaściwości warstw chromowych zawierających różne ilości drobin WC zbadano metodą XPS, EPS oraz XRD. Metody te pozwoliły określić morfologię i skład chemiczny powłok. Właściwości antykorozyjne określono dla różnych czasów ekspozycji próbek w elektrolicie zawierającym 0,01 mol L-1 za pomocą metody woltamperometrycznej oraz spektroskopii impedancyjnej. Badania wykazały, że obecność WC w warstwach chromowych otrzymanych z kąpieli...
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Fabrication, structural and electrical properties of Sr(V,Nb)O 3-δ perovskite materials
PublicationThe SrV1-xNbxO3-δ materials with different niobium content in perovskite B-sublattice were prepared by a solid-state reaction process. The microstructure and phase compositions of obtained samples were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity of samples was measured by a DC 4-wire method in range of 100–600 °C in different gas conditions. The oxidation...
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Structure and thermoelectric properties of Cs-Bi-Te alloys fabricated by different routes of reduction of oxide reagents
PublicationCesium-bismuth-telluride polycrystalline materials were fabricated using a cost-effective method based on a reduction of oxide reagents, leading to a production of a material with good thermoelectric properties. Several samples with various initial stoichiometry were prepared by melting of oxide powders at 1050 °C, quenching, milling to powders and then reducing in pure hydrogen at 400 °C. Another concept was to obtain the CsBi4Te6...
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Study on extraction and characterization of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) starch and reinforced enset (Ensete ventricosum) fiber for the production of reinforced bioplastic film
PublicationPopulation expansion is causing an increase in dependence on plastic materials. The worst aspects of conventional plastics were their inability to biodegrade, their poor capacity to transmit water vapor, and their production of greenhouse gases. Usages of bioplastics are necessary for the advancement of a green economy and environment in order to eradicate these drawbacks of traditional plastics. In this study, reinforced bioplastic...