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Search results for: fuel cell
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DO WE NEED NAVIER NUMBER? – FURTHER REMARKS AND COMPARISON WITH ANOTHER DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS
PublicationThis paper presents a role of the Navier number (Na-dimensionless slip-length) in universal modelling of flow reported in micro- and nano-channels like: capillary biological flows, fuel cell systems, micro-electro-mechanical systems and nano-electro-mechanical systems. Similar to another bulk-like and surface-like dimensionless numbers, the Na number should be treated as a ratio of internal viscous to external viscous momentum...
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Developing high-performance oxygen electrodes for intermediate solid oxide cells (SOC) prepared by Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ backbone infiltration
PublicationGd0.2Ce0.8O 2−δ (GDC) porous backbone infiltration with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), PrOx and LSC: PrOx as a composite oxygen electrode for intermediate solid oxide cells are conducted within the scope of this work. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A uniform distribution of the infiltrated material inside...
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Forecast of basic fuel prices in imports to Poland (constant prices in USD in 2007)
Open Research DataThis dataset presents price growth forecasts for conventional energy sources. It should be noted that the Ministry of Economy forecasts a more than two-fold increase in oil prices (although these forecasts may be greatly underestimated) over 23 years, an almost two-fold increase in natural gas prices and a 40% increase in coal prices.
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Improvement of Oxygen Electrode Performance of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Cells by Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Active Layers
PublicationIntermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells oxygen electrodes are modified by active interfacial layers. Spray pyrolysis is used to produce thin (≈500 nm) layers of mixed ionic and electronic conductors: Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC), La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF), and Pr6O11 (PrOx) on the electrode–electrolyte interface. The influence of the annealing temperature on the electrode polarization (area specific...
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Wykorzystanie fourierowskiej spektroskopii w podczerwieni do badania stężenia gazów wylotowych z tlenkowego ogniwa paliwowego zasilanego biogazem
PublicationW dzisiejszych czasach bardzo ważne jest pozyskiwanie energii ze źródeł odnawialnych i bezpiecznych dla środowiska. Jedną z obiecujących technologii są tlenkowe ogniwa paliwowe (ang. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC). Stanowią one bezpieczną i ekologiczną alternatywę dla energii uzyskanej z paliw kopalnych. SOFC charakteryzuje się sprawnością energetyczną na poziomie 45-60 %, podczas gdy sprawność klasycznych elektrowni cieplnych nie...
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Structure and electrical properties of Y, Fe-based perovskite mixed conducting composites fabricated by a modified polymer precursor method
PublicationIn this work, samples of Y0.07Sr0.93Ti1-xFexO3-d with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mol% of iron amount were prepared by a low-temperature polymer precursor method. The SEM-EDS analysis proved that analyzed Y0.07Sr0.93Ti1-xFexO3-d samples were composites of two Ti- and Fe-rich perovskite samples. This kind of composite consists of two phases in which one has a good ionic and the other electronic conductivity, which makes such a composite a...
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Mn-Co spinel coatings on Crofer 22 APU by electrophoretic deposition: Up scaling, performance in SOFC stack at 850 °C and compositional modifications
PublicationCeramic coatings for metallic interconnects play a key role in limiting corrosion and chromium evaporation in solid oxide cells. This study presents the upscaling of the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique to process Mn-Co spinels on real-dimension Crofer 22 APU interconnects and the test in a SOFC stack. Area specific resistance of long-term test conducted for 5000 h at 850 °C demonstrated that two-steps sintering has a...
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Microstructural Design of Ba0.5La0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3 Perovskite Ceramics
PublicationBa0.5La0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3 was synthesized in the solid-state reaction route. The influence of ball milling parameters (such as milling media size, angular velocity, and time), pelletizing pressure, and annealing parameters on the microstructure was studied. The grain size distribution and density or specific surface area changes were investigated in each approach while the individual parameters were changed. The evaluation of BLCF...
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Impact of strontium non-stoichiometry of SrxTi0.3Fe0.7O3-δ on structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties for potential oxygen electrode of intermediate temperature solid oxide cells
PublicationThis work presents the results of a comprehensive study on the impact of the A-site non-stoichiometry of SrxTi0.3Fe0.7O3-δ (x = 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05) ceramics on their physicochemical properties. The materials were fabricated by the conventional solid-state reaction method and their structure was determined by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Their sintering and thermal expansion...
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Ionic conductivity behavior by activated hopping conductivity (AHC) of barium aluminoborosilicate glass–ceramic system designed for SOFC sealing
PublicationNon-conducting BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 parent glasses designed for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) sealing applications were prepared using the melt-quenching technique. The glass formation region was determined according to phase equilibrium relations and was found to be in the composition range 70BaO-(x)Al2O3-(10−x)B2O3-20SiO2 where 3.0 < x < 6.0 wt%. The conductivity values obtained conductivity ranged from 10−5 to 10−10 S/cm at temperatures...
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Badania stabilności chemicznej kompozytowego elektrolitu 3-YSZ-Al2O3 w stosunku do materiałów elektrodowych do zastosowania w średniotemperaturowych ogniwach paliwowych
PublicationJednym z podstawowych wymogów stawianych mate- riałom na elektrolity do średniotemperaturowych ogniw paliwowych IT-SOFC (ang. intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells) jest ich kompatybilność chemiczna z elektrodami w temperaturach zarówno eksploatacji, jak i wytwarzania ogniw. W celu sprawdzenia, czy badany w pracy kompozytowy elektrolit o osnowie z częściowo stabilizowanego ditlenku cyrkonu i z wtrąceniami tlenku glinu...
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Oxidation kinetics and electrical properties of oxide scales formed under exposure to air and Ar–H2-H2O atmospheres on the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel for high-temperature applications such as interconnects in solid oxide cell stacks
PublicationA 100 h isothermal oxidation kinetics study for Crofer 22H was conducted in air and the Ar–H2-H2O gas mixture (p(H2)/p(H2O) = 94/6) in the range of 973–1123 K. The parabolic rate constant was independent of oxygen partial pressure in the range from 6.2 × 10−24 to 0.21 atm at 1023 and 1073 K, while at 973 and 1123 K it was higher in air than in Ar–H2-H2O. The scales consisted of Cr2O3 and manganese chromium spinel with an Mn:Cr...
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Designing high-performance asymmetric and hybrid energy devices via merging supercapacitive/pseudopcapacitive and Li-ion battery type electrodes
PublicationWe report a strategic development of asymmetric (supercapacitive–pseudocapacitive) and hybrid (supercapacitive/pseudocapacitive–battery) energy device architectures as generation–II electrochemical energy systems. We derived performance-potential estimation regarding the specific power, specific energy, and fast charge–discharge cyclic capability. Among the conceived group, pseudocapacitor–battery hybrid device is constructed with...
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The Environmental Benefits of Photovoltaic Systems: The Impact on the Environment in the Production of Photovoltaic Systems: With a Focus on Metal Recovery
PublicationGreenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, trap heat and energy, thus preventing solar radiation from escaping back into space. As the quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases so does the trapped heat and corresponding global temperature. As a result, storms become more violent, droughts more prevalent, glaciers melt, and sea levels rise, to name but a few effects of a rapidly changing...
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Diamondized carbon nanoarchitectures as electrocatalytic material for sulfate-based oxidizing species electrogeneration
PublicationThe introduction of nanotechnology seems to be an imperative factor to intensify the synergic effects of electrocatalytic materials to produce strong oxidant species or to increase the active sites on their surfaces as well as to enhance the conversion yield in a fuel cell, high-added value products, electrolytic treatment for environmental protection or the detection limit in electroanalysis. Recently, a new type of 3D-diamond...
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Challenges in operating and testing loop heat pipes in 500–700 K temperature ranges
PublicationThe potential applications of loop heat pipes (LHPs) are the nuclear power space systems, fuel cell thermal management systems, waste heat recovery systems, medium temperature electronic systems, medium temperature military systems, among others. Such applications usually operate in temperature ranges between 500–700 K, hence it is necessary to develop an LHP system that will meet this requirement. Such a thermal management device...
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Materials for energy storage and conversion devices 2022/2023
e-Learning CoursesElectrodes: Metals as electrodes in aqueous and non-aqueous systems, metal nanoparticles. Collectors current. 3D, 2D, 1 D carbons, carbon nanomaterials. Organic semiconductors "Synthetic metals" - p-type, n-type. Inorganic semiconductors: oxides, selenides, sulfides, others. Intercalated electrodes. Mixed conductors (MIEC). Photo-active semiconductor materials. Electrolytes. Water electrolytes in commercial products. Electroactive...
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Fire Weather Index data for Poland (March – September 2019) based on high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Open Research DataThis dataset contains forecasted FWI indices calculated for the period: March 1 - September 30, 2019, based on the meteorological fields derived from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) ver. 4.2.1. For each day FWI data with the forecast range equal 24 and 48 hour were stored in GeoTIFF files. In addition, soil moisture and temperature...
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Top 10 Iran Export Goods in 2011
Open Research DataIn the structure of Iranian exports the dominant position are different types of fuel (including chemical industry products). The structure of imports is much more fragmented. Positions worth of consideration are machinery and equipment, steel, vehicles parts, cereals and food.
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A new model of fuel spray shape at early stage of injection in a marine Diesel engine
PublicationIn the cylinders of a marine diesel engine, self-ignition occurs in very shortly time after the fuel injection into the combustion chamber. Therefore, the paper present was to develop a model of diesel fuel spray for the early stage of fuel spray for in marine diesel engine. There were taken into consideration the main aspects technical such as nozzle diameter of marine engine injector and backpressure in combustion chamber. In...
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Results of electrical voltage measurements in reactors - part 1
Open Research DataResults of electric voltage measurements in six reactors using various plantings. These are the results of the project: Integrated approach 3M (Macrophytes-Microbiome-Modelling) to elucidate mechanisms of bioenergy production and micropollutants transformation in Floating Treatment Wetlands combined with Microbial Fuel Cells.
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Investigating Fuel Injection Strategies to Enhance Ship Energy Efficiency in Wave Conditions
PublicationThe prediction of fuel consumption and resulting transportation costs is a crucial stage in ship design, particularly for conditions involving motion in waves. This study investigates the real-time fuel consumption of a container ship when sailing in waves. The overall ship performance is evaluated using a novel non-linear coupled hull-engine-propeller interaction model. A series of towing tank experiments for hull resistance in...
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ECU calibration for gaseous dual fuel supply system in compression ignition engines
PublicationThe dual fuel (DF) combustion mode is proven solution that allows to improve or get at the same level engine performance and reduce toxic compounds in exhaust gases which is confirmed by researchers and end-users. DF combustion mode uses two fuels gaseous fuel as a primary energy source and a pilot quantity of diesel fuel as ignition source. However, in order, to fully take advantage of the potential of the dual fuel mode, DF system...
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USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PREDICTING SHIP FUEL CONSUMPTION
PublicationIn marine vessel operations, fuel costs are major operating costs which affect the overall profitability of the maritime transport industry. The effective enhancement of using ship fuel will increase ship operation efficiency. Since ship fuel consumption depends on different factors, such as weather, cruising condition, cargo load, and engine condition, it is difficult to assess the fuel consumption pattern for various types...
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APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF SEMI-MARKOV PROCESSES TO DETERMINE A LIMITING DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROCESS OF CHANGES OF ABILITY AND INABILITY STATES OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN HEAVY FUEL DIESEL ENGINES
PublicationThe paper presents applicability of the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine a limiting distribution of the process of changes of technical states of fuel systems for marine engines running on heavy fuel oils. The proposed study of this process includes the components of such fuel systems like: 1 - injectors, 2 - high pressure hoses, 3 - injection pumps, 4 - low pressure hoses, 5 – fine filters, 6 - coarse filters, 7 – fuel-feed...
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Experiments on compression ignition engine powered by nano-fuels
PublicationThe use of nanoparticles in fuels provides new opportunities for modification of fuel properties, which may affect the operational parameters of engines, in particular the efficiency and fuel consumption. The paper presents comparison of compression ignition engine performance fuelled with neat diesel and nano-diesel. Alumina (Al2O3) was used as nanoparticles. Surface-active substances, including Span 80 surfactant, as well as...
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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE OF THE FUEL NOZZLE GEOMETRY ON THE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF THE MARINE 4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
PublicationThe article presents experimental research that has been carried out on a marine, 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged engine. During testing, the engine operated at a constant rotational speed of 750 rpm and a load from 0 kW to 280 kW. The engine was fuelled by diesel oil of known specification and loaded by electric generator with water resistance. The fuel consumption was measured during the engine operation with fuel nozzles...
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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUAL-FUEL GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OPERATING SIMULTANEOUSLY ON LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS
PublicationT his study is dedicated to investigations of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. As the object of the research, a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial premixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirls was chosen. The method of the research is based on the numerical solution of the system of differential...
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Fuel systems of high power stationary engine
PublicationThe use of alternative fuels and, in the future, synthetic fuels has forced changes in the design of fuel supply systems in internal combustion engines. When operating a stationary engine at constant load, the possibility of using lean fuel mixtures appears. The selection of a precise operating mixture ignition system requires changes in traditional fuel systems. The article presents the current designs of fuel supply systems and...
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High-efficient, zero-emission energy production
PublicationThis paper presents innovative thermodynamiccycles with high-efficient, zero-emission energy production. The main aim of this work is to show the role of nano-phenomena in the enhancement of the power of thermodynamic cycles. For that purpose, the cycles using oxy-combustion and spray ejected condensation are first studied and, secondly hybrid cycles using fuel cells and gas turbines are presented. The role of nano-phenomena in...
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The Effect of Oxygenated Diesel-N-Butanol Fuel Blends on Combustion, Performance, and Exhaust Emissions of a Turbocharged CRDI Diesel Engine
PublicationThe article deals with the effects made by using various n-butanol-diesel fuel blends on the combustion history, engine performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged four-stroke, four-cylinder, CRDI 1154HP (85 kW) diesel engine. At first, load characteristics were taken when running an engine with normal diesel fuel (DF) to have ‘baseline’ parameters at the two ranges of speed of 1800 and 2500 rpm. Four a fossil diesel (class...
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Impacts of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Various Amount of Dimethyl Ether Premixed Ratios on Combustion and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine
PublicationIn the presented research, the authors dealt with the specific properties of the combustion process of dimethyl ether (DME) in a combustion car (Volkswagen Golf IV) engine AJM 1.9 TDI PDE made by Volkswagen factory. Dimethyl ether is an alternative fuel produced most often from natural gas, which can be used in compression ignition engines as a single fuel or co-burned with diesel oil. This work describes the impacts of using exhaust...
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Investigations of the Working Process in a Dual-Fuel Low-Emission Combustion Chamber for an FPSO Gas Turbine Engine
PublicationThis investigation is devoted to an analysis of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. The low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial pre-mixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirlers was chosen as the object of research. When modelling processes in a dual-flow low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, a generalized method...
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Analysis of different tillage implements with respect to reduced fuel consumption, tractor operating speed and its wheel slippage
PublicationNowadays the prices of agricultural farm produced products are increasing with ant-speed and the prices of input for raising crops are increasing with rocket-speed. Therefore, there is a dire need to conduct some important studies to innovate the techniques which can lower the costs of crop production. In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the consumption of fuel at different tillage implements, tractor operating...
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Dimethyl ether (DME) as potential environmental friendly fuel
PublicationIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in replacing petroleum fuels with so-called second generation environmental friendly fuels. Compared to traditional petroleum fuels dimethyl ether (DME) could be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) as well as combustion noise. Compared to some of the other leading...
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Heavy duty vehicle fuel consumption modelling using artificial neural networks
PublicationIn this paper an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to modelling fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles is presented. The proposed method uses easy accessible data collected via CAN bus of the truck. As a benchmark a conventional method, which is based on polynomial regression model, is used. The fuel consumption is measured in two different tests, performed by using a unique test bench to apply the load to the engine. Firstly,...
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Energy and exergy analysis of negative CO2 emission gas power plant operation using thermodynamic modelling results of the cycle
PublicationA developed cycle of negative CO2 emission gas power plant is presented. The cycle is an oxy-combustion gas turbine cycle where the gas fuel is burnt with pure oxygen, and liquid water is injected to the combustor to keep the temperature at an appropriate level for the gas turbine. The negative level of CO2 emission can be obtained by combining CO2 capture method with the usage of a gas fuel based on sewage sludge gasification....
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Analysis of the macrostructure of the fuel spray atomized with marine engine injector
PublicationOne of the main problem influencing the combustion process in the cylinder of the marine engine is an fuel spray phenomena. The parameters describing the shape of the fuel spray are named macro parameters. This article presents the research results of the macrostructure parameters of the fuel spray atomized with the marine engine injector. The research were carried out by optical visualization measurement method of Mie scattering....
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Adaptable management for cooling cyclic air in ship power plants by heat conversion – Part 1: Downsizing strategy for cogeneration plants
PublicationThe ship power plants (SPP) are generally based on Diesel engines. Their fuel efficiency is gradually sensible to cyclic air temperatures and drops with their rise. A sustainable performance of ship engines with high fuel efficiency is possible by cooling intake and charge air as two objects in waste heat conversion chillers. The peculiarities of marine engine application are associated with constrained space of machine room. Whereas,...
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ANALYSIS OF DIESEL OIL SPECIFIC HEAT IMPACT FOR OPERATION OF THE SUPPLY PUMP
PublicationThe article describes a test rig that allows the measurement of fuel oil specific heat changes based on the cooling time of liquids. After that, by analysing the test results, a research hypothesis was created and verified. The hypothesis is that the specific heat energy of fuel oil impact the operation of the circulation pump.
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Thermal failure of a second rotor stage in heavy duty gas turbine
PublicationThe impulse mode of operation and the supply of various types of fuels causes frequent failures even in the heavy duty gas turbines. The paper presents the ravages of second rotor stage failure in a gas turbine. The excessive thermal elongation rise caused by fuel change was indicated as the main cause. We applied nonlinear numerical analysis, preceded by thermodynamic calculations of the turbine and visual inspection of the effects...
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A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic
PublicationForecasting fuel and electricity consumption is an important factor determining the direction of changes in road engineering solutions, traffic management, selection of routes for public transport and development more efficient car drive systems. With a reliable and easy-to-use computational tool, it is possible to reduce the consumption of primary energy sources and reduce the emission of toxic compounds in cities. An analysis...
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Experimental determination of general characteristic of internal combustion engine using mobile test bench connected via Power Take-Off unit
PublicationThe general characteristics of the engine include information about the regions of the engine's operating area that are most efficient, where specific fuel consumption reaches the smallest values. Economic operation based on those characteristics can contribute to a significant reduction of fuel consumption and consequently less pollutant emissions and lower costs. The paper presents an experimental method of determination of general...
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The influence of the fuel spray nozzle geometry on the exhaust gas composition from the marine 4-stroke diesel engine
PublicationThe paper presents experimental research on a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged AL25/30 Diesel engine. Research consisted in investigating the effect of the geometry of the fuel injectors on the exhaust gas composition from the engine. During measurements, the engine was operated with a regulator characteristic of a load range from 40 kW to 280 kW, made by electric water resistance. The engine was mechanically coupled to the electric...
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Desirability-based optimization of dual-fuel diesel engine using acetylene as an alternative fuel
Publicationhe study examined the dual-fuel engine performance employing acetylene gas as primary fuel and diesel as pilot fuel. The engine's operational parameters were adjusted using the Box-Behnken design, and the results were recorded. The best operating settings were yielded as 81.25 % engine load, 4.48 lpm acetylene gas flow rate and the compression ratio were 18. At this optimized setting the BTE was 27.1 % and the engine emitted 360...
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HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM FOR A CLASSIC SHIP POWER PLANT
PublicationThe article presents a brief overview of hybrid energy systems used on ships. The area of their application is outlined. The benefits of using such systems are also indicated. Then, the classic ship power plant is defined. The most important part of the article is a proposal how to modify a classic engine room by using a hybrid energy system. The idea is: to accumulate a part of electricity in areas where it is allowed to burn...
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Carbon dioxide potential reduction using Start-Stop system in a car
PublicationOperating fuel consumption increases significantly when the vehicle stops frequently while driving or when the engine is idling during braking. In such cases, the internal combustion engine consumes the fuel but the mechanical energy is not used by the drive system. The amount of fuel that is consumed in this time by the engine can potentially be saved if the car is equipped with a Stop-Start system. Start-Stop system automatically...
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Short-term evaluation of FTW-MFC efficiency in heavy metal-loaded wastewaters (Cu/Pb) - microscale experiment
Open Research DataThis dataset presents the results of short-term experiment of floating treatment wetlands combined with microbial fuel cells with wastewater loaded with heavy metals - copper and cadmium (Cu/Pb). The experiment took place in a greenhouse and lasted 14 days. The analyses include the determination of nutrients in wastewaters (TN, TP, COD, N-NO3, N-NH4),...
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Short-term evaluation of FTW-MFC efficiency in heavy metal-loaded wastewaters (Cd/Pb) - microscale experiment
Open Research DataThis dataset presents the results of short-term experiment of floating treatment wetlands combined with microbial fuel cells with wastewater loaded with heavy metals - cadmium and lead (Cd/Pb). The experiment took place in a greenhouse and lasted 14 days. The analyses include the determination of nutrients in wastewaters (TN, TP, COD, N-NO3, N-NH4),...
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Short-term evaluation of FTW-MFC efficiency in heavy metal-loaded wastewaters (Cu/Cd) - microscale experiment
Open Research DataThis dataset presents the results of short-term experiment of floating treatment wetlands combined with microbial fuel cells with wastewater loaded with heavy metals - copper and cadmium (Cu/Cd). The experiment took place in a greenhouse and lasted 14 days. The analyses include the determination of nutrients in wastewaters (TN, TP, COD, N-NO3, N-NH4),...