Search results for: recycling of plastics and rubber
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Chemical modifications of natural oils and examples of their usage for polyurethane synthesis
PublicationNatural oils have been used in the production of plastics for a long time. However, the number of studies dedicated to polyurethane research has shown an increase only recently. Usually, petrochemical components are used in polyurethane synthesis. Nowadays, there have been attemptsmade to replace polyols in polyurethanes with the modified oils and other natural raw materials. It is a promising and important scenario because the...
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Marcin Włoch dr inż.
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Inspection of rubber linings operating in flue gas desulphurisation units. Inspekcje wykładzin gumowych w warunkach instalacji odsiarczania spalin.
PublicationPomiary metodą EIS wykładzin gumowych przeprowadzono w warunkach polowych.Stwierdzono, że najlepszym miernikiem jakości powłoki jest pojemność elektryczna powłoki. Sposób wyznaczania zwartości wilgoci w powłoce oparty został na równaniu Brashera-Kingsbury´ego. Wyniki porównano z oznaczeniami wilgoci w wykładzinie metodami niszczącymi przeprowadzonymi w tych samych miejscach co badania elektrochemiczne.
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The influence of feed rate and shear forces on the devulcanization process of ground tire rubber (GTR) conducted in a co-rotating twin screw extruder
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Experimental research on water lubricated three layer sliding bearing with lubrication grooves in the upper part of the bush and its comparison with a rubber bearing
Publicationcomposite. Eachofitslayershasanimportantfunction.Speciallypreparedslidingsurfaceensures minimum resistance.Followingrunning-initssmoothnessbecomesveryhighandthebearingmay continue workingunder fluid lubricationregime.NBRlayerensuresbearingelasticity,goodvibration damping propertiesandinsusceptibilitytoshaftaxismisalignment.Theexternalbrasslayermakes fitting thebearingeasier. Experiment resultsoftheconductedresearchwerecomparedwiththoseforarubberbearingof similar...
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Zagospodarowanie proszku krzemowego, wytworzonego z odzyskanych w procesie recyklingu uszkodzonych ogniw modułów fotowoltaicznych = Utilization of silicon powder, recovered in the PV cell's production and recycling processes
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy proszku krzemowego różnego pochodzenia i wskazano możliwości technologiczne zagospodarowania proszku krzemowego: jako podstawowego surowca do produkcji nowych ogniw fotowoltaicznych, jako dodatku do stali stopowych, poprawiających ich własności mechaniczne (twardość, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, udarność) oraz jako materiału do wytwarzania ceramiki, bazującej na proszkach niemetali.
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POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
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Obróbka chemiczna krzemowych ogniw słonecznych jako najważniejszy etap w recyklingu modułów fotowoltaicznych = Chemical treatment of the crystalline silicon solar cells as the main stage of PV modules recycling
PublicationZaproponowano metodę zagospodarowania krzemowych ogniw fotowoltaicznych, wycofanych z użycia. Dla ogniw PV z krystalicznego krzemu prowadzono następujące po sobie procesy usuwania: powłok metalicznych, warstwy antyrefleksyjnej i złącza n-p przez wytrawianie. Skład roztworów trawiących dostosowywano do różnych rodzajów ogniw krzemowych. W celu opracowania uniwersalnej kąpieli trawiącej konieczne jest wprowadzanie pewnych modyfikacji...
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Compressive Strength and Leaching Behavior of Mortars with Biomass Ash
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Plastic Debris in the Stomach of the Invasive Signal Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus from a Baltic Coastal River
PublicationPollution by plastic debris, widely recognized as a growing global problem [1-3] is caused by the production of synthetic polymers. Over recent years, the production of plastics has increased, while in Europe, fossil-based plastics production has decreased, and recycled plastics production has increased [4]. There are different types of plastics. Some types of plastic ingredients, applied in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal...
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Polyurethanes
PublicationHandbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using...
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Anna Kuczyńska-Łażewska dr inż.
PeopleAnna Kuczyńska-Łażewska graduated from the Faculty of Chemistry of the Gdańsk University of Technologyin the field of Chemistry (1st degree) and Environmental Protection Technologies, specialization: environmental protection systems (2nd degree). She completed an internship at the Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse in Rostock. She defended her doctorate in recycling of 1st and 2nd generation modules in 2018 at the Department of Energy...
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Waste materials assessment for phosphorus adsorption toward sustainable application in circular economy
PublicationPhosphorus is the main determinant of nutrient enrichment in the water bodies. Many resources including nutrients may be shortly exhausted, assuming current consumption. This scenario leads to growing interest in resources recovery and/or reuse, which together with sustainable energy consumption and waste reduction are the main courses of the circular economy. Usage of coagulants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) does not allow...
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Recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as Construction Material in Civil Engineering: A Review
PublicationIn general, the quantity of plastics of all types consumed annually all over the world has been growing in a phenomenal way. The manufacturing processes, service industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW) generate numerous waste plastic materials. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. It is believed that the management of solid...
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Curing characteristics and Mooney viscosity of reclaimed rubbers
Open Research DataPresented data shows the difference in curing characteristics and Mooney’s viscosity between commercially available reclaimed rubbers and ground tire rubber (GTR) with specific particle size distribution cured with the same curing system and with the same manner. Samples were prepared using a two-roll mill. After 24 hours of aging at ambient conditions,...
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Wpływ technicznych włókien celulozowych na wybrane właściwości kompozytów kauczuku naturalnego
PublicationCelem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie wpływu technicznych włókien celulozowych (dodanych w ilości 10, 20, 30 i 40 phr) jako naturalnego napełniacza na wybrane właściwości kompozytów na osnowie kauczuku naturalnego. Zbadano właściwości wulkanizatów przy statycznym rozciąganiu, w próbie rozdzierności, a także twardość, elastyczność przy odbiciu oraz ścieralność otrzymanych materiałów. Wyniki badań zostały porównane z wulkanizatem...
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Processing, physico-mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed GTR and NBR/reclaimed GTR blends as function of various additives
PublicationIn this work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically reclaimed in the presence of bitumen and various additives. During studies three types of processing and curing additives: (i) peptizer P300; (ii) vulcanization accelerator tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and (iii) organic peroxide di(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)benzene (BIB1) were applied to enhance reclaiming of GTR. Reclaiming process was evaluated by oscillating...
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Thermo-Chemical Decomposition Study of Polyurethane Elastomer Through Glycerolysis Route with Using Crude and Refined Glycerine as a Transesterification Agent
PublicationDue to the increasing amount of polyurethane waste, chemical recycling of these materials is a topic of growing interest for many researchers. The primary pur- pose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol. In this study glycerolysis using glycerine from two sources and two purity grades is proposed as a method of chemical recycling. The main effort of this paper focuses on the employment of commercial...
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Polyolefins: from cradle to grave.
e-Learning CoursesThe course will consist of lectures followed by discussions. Using the obtained knowledge, students will be asked to work out a plan selecting catalysts, production process and recycling process for a specific type of polyolefin for a selected application.
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Tensile strength test of PE foils modified with zinc oxide and zinc salts
Open Research DataThis dataset contains the results of PE foils mechanical tests, in which the material was evaluated for strength and extensibility at the moment of breaking and based on the same tests preceded by material fatigue in 50 stretching cycles. The principle of the method is to stretch the test sample placed in the clamps of the stretching apparatus at a...
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Evaluation of Low Temperature Properties of Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures
PublicationThe paper presents low-temperature test results of asphalt mixtures designed with use of bitumen modified by crumb rubber and also SBS polymer. Laboratory tests were conducted on two types of asphalt mixtures for wearing course – stone matrix asphalt (SMA 8) and porous asphalt (PA 8). This paper presents results of the following laboratory tests at low temperatures: TSRST test, three point bending creep test, fracture toughness...
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Rheological characteristics of oligomeric semiproducts gained via chemical degradation of polyurethane foam using crude glycerin in the presence of different catalysts
PublicationPolyurethane (PU) recycling is a topic of growing interest due to the increasing amount of polyurethane waste. The main purpose of polyurethane chemical recycling is to recover the starting polyol. In this study, a method of polyurethane thermochemical recycling, glycerolysis by means of crude glycerin, is proposed. This work presents a comparative study of commercial catalysts used in order to accelerate the decomposition process,...
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Single-phase product obtained via crude glycerine depolymerisation of polyurethane elastomer: structure characterisation and rheological behaviour
PublicationPolyurethane recycling is a topic of growing interest due to the increasing amount of polyurethanewaste. The main purpose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol, a valuable material. In thiswork, amethod of polyurethane thermo-chemical recycling, glycerolysisbymeansof crude glycerine, is proposed. Themaineffort is focusedonthe employment of crude glycerine without purification from biodiesel production...
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The use of recycled semiconductor material in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules production - A life cycle assessment of environmental impacts
PublicationTo offset the negative impact of photovoltaic modules on the environment, it is necessary to introduce a longterm strategy that includes a complete lifecycle assessment of all system components from the production phase through installation and operation to disposal. Recycling of waste products and worn-out systems is an important element of this strategy. As the conclusions from the previous studies have shown, thermal treatment...
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Emission and properties of airborne wear particles from train brake friction materials based on novolac phenolic resins and butadiene rubbers
PublicationThe emission of airborne particulate matter from a train brake depends on the formulation of its friction material. This study investigates the emission and properties of wear particles from train brake friction materials based on straight or resorcinol-modified novolac phenolic resin and nitrile or styrene butadiene rubber used as binding ingredients. The wear particles are generated by a pin-on-disc tribomachine inside an aerodynamic...
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Interfacial adhesion evaluation in (low-density polyethylene)/elastomer blends
PublicationLow-density polyethylene (LDPE) with different elastomers at a ratio of 50/50 wt% blends was prepared by using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Three kinds of elastomers were used: ground tire rubber (GTR), partially crosslinked butyl rubber (KalarVR ), and styrenebutadiene- rubber block copolymer (SBS; KratonVR ). For better characterization of interaction between polyethylene and elastomer, influence of the type of elastomer on...
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Risks related to car fire on innovative Poroelastic Road Surfaces-PERS
PublicationTo reduce tyre/road noise, the concept of poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) was invented. PERS is a road surface material that is porous, and at the same time, it is flexible because of the substantial amount of rubber granulate content (from 20% to 85%). The rubber and stone particles are bound by polyurethane resin instead of bitumen. It was feared that in case of fire, because of the high content of rubber and polyurethane, there...
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Synthesis and Investigation of Glycolysates and Obtained Polyurethane Elastomers
PublicationScharakteryzowano proces glikolizy poprodukcyjnych odpadów poliuretanowych przeprowadzony przy użyciu glikolu heksametylenowego. Przedstawiono niektóre właściwości fizykochemiczne otrzymanych glikolizatów. Omówiono wyniki analizy termicznej, termomechanicznej oraz budowy chemicznej metodą FTIR zsyntetyzowanych elastomerów poliuretanowych. Właściwości mechaniczne zmierzono w warunkch statycznych przy użyciu uniwersalnej maszyny...
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Investigation of polyurethane elastomer–steel joints using glass lacquer as an adhesive agent
PublicationThis article describes an innovative method of coupling polyurethane elastomer (based on polyurethane glycolysate) with constructional steel, by implementation of a Glaspur®—glass lacquer containing latent polyurethanes and monosilane adhesion promoters. The commonly applied coupling agent is Cilbond® 45SF glue or its derivatives. Additionally, glycolysate was synthesised from polyurethane waste and 1,3-propylene glycol in 6:1...
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Porosity and swelling properties of novel polyurethane–ascorbic acid scaffolds prepared by different procedures for potential use in bone tissue engineering
PublicationIn this work, a novel polyurethane (PU) system based on poly(ethylene-butylene) adipate diol, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol, and ascorbic acid was used to prepare scaffolds with potential applications in bone tissue engineering. Two fabrication methods to obtain porous materials were chosen: phase separation (PS)/salt particle leaching (PL) and solvent casting (SC)/salt PL. The calculated porosity demonstrated...
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Influence of Glycols on the Glycolysis Process and the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers
PublicationW pracy omówiono wyniki badań elastomerów wytworzonych z glikolizatów poddanych dezaminacji. Glikolizaty otrzymywano w procesie transestryfikacji polieterouretanów glikolami: propano-1,3-diolem, pentano-1,5-diolem oraz heksano-1,6-diolem. Procesy prowadzono przy trzech stosunkach masowych pianki:glikolu.
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Assessment of Utilizing Hard-to-Recycle Plastic Waste from the Packaging Sector in Architectural Design—Case Study for Experimental Building Material
PublicationThe environmental impact of plastic waste has become a significant concern worldwide, prompting innovative approaches to address sustainability challenges, particularly within architectural design. This research paper delves into assessing the environmental impact and sustainability implications of using hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste in architectural design practices. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, challenges,...
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Modyfikacja kompozytów elastomerowych NR za pomocą ligniny i glicerolizatu
PublicationPrzedmiotem opisanych w niniejszym artykule badań są wulkanizaty kauczuku naturalnego. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu ligniny oraz glicerolizatu na wybrane właściwości kompozytów zawierających kauczuk naturalny. Strukturę chemiczną przygotowanych materiałów potwierdzono, wykorzystując analizę spektroskopową w podczerwieni (FTIR). Zbadano również właściwości mechaniczne przy statycznym rozciąganiu, twardość, ścieralność oraz odbojność...
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Deflection measurement of field section with pavement with base course made of Cement Bitumen Treated Material Mixture C3E4 (28, 180, 270, 365 days after compaction)
Open Research DataDataset presents data of deflections determined for pavement with base course made of cold recycled mixture – cement bitumen treated material mixture with following binding agents: 3% cement, 4% emulsion (C3E4). Mixture was designed according to Polish requirements for the base course of pavement. Mixture was mixed in stationary plant and compacted...
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Video of LEGO bricks on conveyor belt - wheels, tires and caterpillars
Open Research DataThe set contains videos of LEGO bricks (wheels, tires and caterpillars) moving on a white conveyor belt. The images were prepared for training neural network for recognition of LEGO bricks. The bricks were separated as much as possible and in most cases they should not overlap. The images were taken from different sides by stationary camera located...
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Prediction of the fatigue lifetime of PUR structural elements using a combined experimental-numerical approach
PublicationThis paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life of polyurethane elastomeric components. A rubber replacement - polyurethane of hardness 80ShA commonly used in vibration damping systems, for example, in motor vehicle suspensions, was used for the study. A metal-rubber bushing component was selected for analysis, and numerical analysis was carried out along with a fatigue model proposal based on a modification of the...
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Impact and stretching standardized tests as useful tools for assessment of viscoelastic behavior for highly rubberized asphalt binder
PublicationAsphalt binder is generally identified as a brittle material at low service temperature or under high-speed load, and the brittleness becomes serious after weathering aging. Improving the toughness of asphalt binder through adding high-content of crumb tire rubber is an efficient method to solve this problem. Devulcanized rubber modified asphalt binder (DRMA) with different contents (15–40%) of devulcanized rubber (DR) were prepared...
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Poroelastic Road Surfaces - State of The Art
PublicationPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) constitute a specific group of pavements containing a great amount of crumbled rubber. In most cases rubber aggregate constitutes about 20% of the mixture (by weight) and a polyurethane resin is used as a binder. As a result, PERS is characterized by a much higher elasticity than asphalt and a high porosity typical for drainage pavements. Due to this, tire/road noise is greatly reduced and on top...
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Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites
PublicationIn recent years, the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of elastomeric nanocomposites have been examined, especially for a wide range of rubbery composite (including natural rubber) materials. This chapter describes the influence of fillers and nanofillers on the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of elastomeric polyurethane systems. These filled elastomers (similar to the classic natural rubber reinforced elastomers), also exhibit...
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Valence and ionic lowest-lying electronic states of small esters studied by high resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption, photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
PublicationEsters are an important class of oxygenated volatile organic compounds used in food flavorings, perfumes and other cosmetic products. They are present in fruits and pheromones and are emitted to the atmosphere naturally. Esters are also formed in the atmosphere as a product of the oxidation of ethers. Some of them form poly-molecule chains and are used in plastics. Phosphoesters form DNA backbone, while nitroesters are known for...
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GTR/Thermoplastics Blends: How Do Interfacial Interactions Govern Processing and Physico-Mechanical Properties?
PublicationIn this work, GTR/thermoplastics blends (in ratio 50/50 and 75/25 wt.%) were prepared by melt-compounding in an internal mixer. During research, trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC), and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), were used in their thermoplastic phase. Microstructure and processing-performance property interrelationships of the studied materials...
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Is the Concept of Zero Waste Possible to Implement in Construction?
PublicationThe scientifically treated problem of reusing building materials appeared in the literature more than 50 years ago. This paper includes an analysis of the characteristics of recycled building materials, which is a prerequisite for rational recycling. The analysis and simulation of building stocks at different scales has led to the conclusion that the most important link in the transformation of the construction industry towards...
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Mechanical testing of technical woven fabrics
PublicationThis article presents a review of technical fabrics testing methods used by the authors on the basis of their experience with research on properties of polytetrefluoroethylene-coated fabrics used for Forest Opera in Sopot (Poland). First, the different types of testing methods used for description of mechanical properties (uniaxial tensile tests, biaxial tensile tests and shear tests) of technical woven fabrics are described. The...
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Influence of selected submicron inorganic particles on mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester/glass composites
PublicationIn this paper, the influence of different submicron-scaled particles (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or silica) on mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester matrix composites reinforced with glass fabric was investigated. Surface morphology of obtained composites was also examined. At first inorganic particles were mechanically dispersed into unsaturated polyester resin system as per the calculated weight...
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Influence of thermal effects on mechanical properties of PVDF-coated fabric
PublicationThis paper describes the method of laboratory tests necessary for identification of temperature influence on mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride-coated polyester fabric often used for tensile structures. Two nonlinear model descriptions are investigated. The first one is based on the piece-wise linear relations between stress and strain and the second one on the Murnaghan model of solid behavior. This paper is proposed...
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Mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride-coated fabric under cyclic tests
PublicationThe aim of the present paper is to propose a method of laboratory tests necessary for the identification of mechanical properties of the coated fabric. The material parameters of the coated fabric AF 9032 are specified on the basis of the uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests. For the identification process, the techniques based on the least squares methods are used. Additionally, the uniaxial and biaxial cyclic tests are performed...
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Eco-Friendly Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials from Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide Filled Polycaprolactone/Polyaniline Nanocomposites
PublicationHybrid nanocomposites have the unique ability of enhancing material properties due to the existing synergistic effect of the fillers. In this study, the authors report such an eco-friendly hybrid nanocomposite comprising of polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide in polycaprolactone. The conducting polyaniline improved the processability of polycaprolactone, and the final composites were prepared by incorporating graphene oxide...
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Mechanical properties of Precontraint 1202 S2 based on uniaxial tensile and creep tests
PublicationThe purpose of the paper is the estimation of the polyvinyl chloride – polyester-coated fabric (Precontraint 1202 S2) mechanical properties under uniaxial tensile tests as well as short- and long-time creep tests. The uniaxial tests are the basis of non-linear elastic description while the creep tests are used for the evaluation of the stiffness parameters in time and for the identification of the standard viscoelastic model. The...
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Study on extraction and characterization of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) starch and reinforced enset (Ensete ventricosum) fiber for the production of reinforced bioplastic film
PublicationPopulation expansion is causing an increase in dependence on plastic materials. The worst aspects of conventional plastics were their inability to biodegrade, their poor capacity to transmit water vapor, and their production of greenhouse gases. Usages of bioplastics are necessary for the advancement of a green economy and environment in order to eradicate these drawbacks of traditional plastics. In this study, reinforced bioplastic...
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Numerical study on seismic response of a base-isolated building modelled with shell elements
PublicationSeismic isolation is counted among the most popular and effective means of protecting structures against earthquake forces. Base isolators, like Lead-Rubber Bearings (LRB), High-Damping Rubber Bearings (HDB) or Friction Pendulum Systems (FPS) are extensively used in practice in many earthquake-prone regions of the world. The present paper reports the results obtained from the numerical study on seismic response of a base-isolated...