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Search results for: human exposure
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Human hair as a biomarker of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
PublicationThe main aim of this article is to investigate the possibility of using human hair as a biomarker with particular emphasis on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). We report previous results of studies of this topic. We critically review the available information on analytical procedures applied during analysis of human hair. Finally, we discuss future trends and possibilities arising from hair analysis.
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Climate Change Impacts on Environmental and Human Exposure to Mercury in the Arctic
PublicationThis paper reviews information from the literature and the EU ArcRisk project to assess whether climate change results in an increase or decrease in exposure to mercury (Hg) in the Arctic, and if this in turn will impact the risks related to its harmful effects. It presents the state-of-the art of knowledge on atmospheric mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources worldwide, the long-range transport to the Arctic, and it discusses...
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α-Pinene, 3-carene and d-limonene in indoor air of Polish apartments: The impact on air quality and human exposure
PublicationMonoterpenes are among most ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be detected in indoor air. Since the quality of indoor air is considered important for inhabitants' well-being, the present study aimed at investigating impact of human activity on levels of selected monoterpenes applying passive sampling technique followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. One of the objectives of...
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Unconventional and user-friendly sampling techniques of semi-volatile organic compounds present in an indoor environment: An approach to human exposure assessment
PublicationThe commonly applied solutions used to assess the potential risk of human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are based on the investigation of biological samples collected in an invasive or non-invasive manner. For SVOCs, which are typically introduced to humans through the respiratory system, dermal adsorption, or digestive system, sampling solutions generally used in the indoor environments are classified as...
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Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house dust and hair samples from Northern Poland; an assessment of human exposure
PublicationPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among most ubiquitous compounds to be found in indoor environment and ingestion of household dust is considered an important route of exposure to PBDEs, especially in toddlers and young children. The present work reported concentration levels of PBDE congeners (PBDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and -209) in hair and dust samples from selected households from Northern Poland. The...
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Volatile organohalogen compounds in human urine: the effect of environmental exposure
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki oznaczania lotnych związków chlorowcoorganicznych w próbkach moczu pochodzących m.in. od dawcow narazonych na kancerogeny w miejscu pracy i dawcow spozywajacych wode poddana procesowi uzdatniania przez chlorowanie. Do izolacji i wzbogacania analitów z moczu, posiadającego skomplikowaną matrycę, wykorzystano technikę analizy fazy nadpowierzchniowej nad cienką warstwą cieczy z samoczynną generacją ciekłego...
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Formaldehyde in Human Saliva as an Indication of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure
PublicationSkład środowiskowego dymu tytoniowego zależy przede wszystkim od stosowanej odmiany tytoniu oraz różnorodnych dodatków wprowadzanych do tytoniu na etapie produkcji papierosów. Podczas palenia tytoniu węglowodany ulegają złożonym przemianom, w wyniku których powstają toksyczne składniki środowiskowego dymu tytoniowego, w szczególności aldehydy (formaldehyd). Celem badań było uzyskanie informacji o poziomie zawartości formaldehydu...
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Lead in human teeth dentine as a bio-indicator of environmental exposure to lead
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Reducing nighttime light exposure in the urban environment to benefit human health and society
PublicationNocturnal light pollution can have profound effects on humans and other organisms. Recent research indicates that nighttime outdoor lighting is increasing rapidly. Evidence from controlled laboratory studies demonstrates that nocturnal light exposure can strain the visual system, disrupt circadian physiology, suppress melatonin secretion, and impair sleep. There is a growing body of work pointing to adverse effects of outdoor lighting...
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The importance of evaluating metal exposure and predicting human health risks in urban–periurban environments influenced by emerging industry
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Application of ion chromatography for the determination of inorganic ions, especially thiocyanates in human saliva samples as biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure
PublicationŚrodowiskowy dym tytoniowy jest jednym z czynników decydujących o jakości powietrza wewnętrznego różnego typu pomieszczeń zamkniętych. Toksyczne składniki wydzielające się wraz z głównym i bocznym strumieniem dymu tytoniowego mają istotny wpływ na skład chemiczny płynów biologicznych. Jednym z biomarkerów narażenia na szkodliwe składniki środowiskowego dymu tytoniowego są jony rodankowe. Celem badań było znalezienie korelacji pomiędzy...
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Application of Ion Chromatography for the Determination of Inorganic Ions, Especially Thiocyanates, in Human Semen Samples as Biomarkers of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure.
PublicationPalenie tytoniu stanowi istotne źródło zanieczyszczenia powietrza wewnętrznego. Szkodliwość palenia tytoniu potwierdzają zarówno badania doświadczalne, jak i opracowania epidemiologiczne. Celem przeprowadzonych prac badawczych było uzyskanie informacji o poziomie zawartości jonów nieorganicznych, a zwłaszcza jonów rodankowych (jako biomarkerów narażenia na szkodliwe składniki obecne w środowiskowym dymie tytoniowym) w próbkach...
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Monitoring of occupational exposure to volatile organohalogen solvents (VOXs) in human urine samples of dry-cleaner workers by TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD procedure
PublicationChlorinated hydrocarbon solvents are often used for dry-cleaning clothes in the laundry industry. The object of this study was to monitor the occupational exposure of dry-clean employees coming into contact with VOXs. 25 workers collected their urine samples before the work shift, after 4 hours of work and after the work shift. The analyses of urine samples and solvents used in dry-cleaning were performed using TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD....
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Urine composition as a source of information about occupational exposure to chemicals
PublicationIn the article there is presented review of data concerning application of human urine samples to analytical studies conducted in order to gain information on occupational exposure. The parameters characterizing the most commonly used techniques of xenobiotics isolation and preconcentration (organic compounds and metals) from urine samples and techniques of analytes determination in properly prepared extract samples of human urine.
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Dibutyl phthalate disrupts conserved circadian rhythm in Drosophila and human cells
PublicationPeople are constantly exposed to phthalates, due to their common use in the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and skin care products. The ability of phthalates to disrupt endocrine signaling, leading to developmental, reproductive and metabolic defects, has been studied, yet how phthalates interfere with these biological functions is still unclear. To uncover DBP interacting molecular pathways, we raised Drosophila...
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the assessment of the noise-induced harmful effects based on the properties of human hearing system
PublicationA new way of assessment of noise-induced harmful effects on human hearing system is presented in the paper. The method takes into consideration properties of the human hearing system. The pro-posed method determines the cumulative impact on hearing system produced by the excessive noise. Based on the predicted effects of the noise exposure, the new types of noise indicators were developed. The evaluation of these indicators was...
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The noise-induced harmful effect assessment based on the properties of the human hearing system
PublicationA new way of assessment of noise-induced harmful effects on human hearing system is presented in the paper. The method takes into consideration properties of the human hearing system. The pro-posed method determines the cumulative impact on hearing system produced by the excessive noise. Based on the predicted effects of the noise exposure, the new types of noise indicators were developed. The evaluation of these indicators was...
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Zero phase shift digital filtering for assessment of exposure to non-sinusoidal magnetic fields
PublicationAccuracy of assessment of human body exposure to magnetic fields is affected by several uncertainty sources. One of them is estimation of the total exposure to non-sinusoidal fields. Standard methods can be implemented using analogue or digital filters that introduce a phase shift that affect the result of total exposure level estimation. The paper presents a new method that allows performing more precise assessment of exposure...
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Endocrine disrupting compounds in the baby's world - A harmful environment to the health of babies
PublicationGlobally, there has been a significant increase in awareness of the adverse effects of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine-acting properties on human health. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) mainly occurs by ingestion and to some extent by inhalation and dermal uptake. Although it is difficult to assess the full impact of human exposure to EDCs, it is well known that timing of exposure is of importance...
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Analysis of MArkers of Exposure to Constituents of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
PublicationTobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 4000 chemical compounds, many of which are harmful to human health. These compounds belong to various chemical classes, including amides, imides, lactams, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, amines, hydrocarbons, ethers, and inorganic compounds. There are three types of tobacco smoke streams: the mainstream, the sidestream, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)....
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Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Exposure, Health Effects, and Analysis
PublicationTobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, and 44 compoundshave been classified as human carcinogens. Toxicity can beboth mainstream smoke as well as the constituents of environmentaltobacco smoke. In the light of this evidence, work is intensifyingon assessing exposure on the basis of the results of tests performedto quantify the amounts of suitable environmental tobacco smokeconstituent biomarkers in samples of biological...
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A new methodological approach to the noise threat evaluation based on the selected physiological properties of the human hearing system
PublicationA new way of assessment of noise-induced harmful effects on human hearing system is presented in the paper. The method takes into consideration properties of the selected physiological human hearing system. On the basis of the hearing examinations and noise measurements results and psychoacoustical noise dosimeter performance the new indicators of the noise harmfulness were proposed. The evaluation of the proposed indicators were...
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Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in dust from various indoor environments in Gdańsk, Poland: Prediction of concentrations in indoor air and assessment of exposure of adults
PublicationMonitoring of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor environments involves the determination of their concentrations in air, airborne particles, and settled dust. Each of these is a source of human exposure to PBDEs. In this study, we attempted to model PBDEs concentrations in various typical indoor environments on the basis of real PBDEs measurements in dust collected from them. The analytical procedure for determining...
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Determination of thiocyanate as a biomarker of tobacco smoke constituents in selected biological materials of human origin
Publicationn order to protect human health, it is necessary to biomonitor toxic substances originating from tobacco smoke in biological materials sampled from persons with different exposures to tobacco smoke constituents. Thiocyanate anion is a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke components which is characterized by a relatively long half‐life in the human body, i.e. 6 days. In this work, we present the results of thiocyanate determinations...
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A framework for Air Quality Management Zones - Useful GIS-based tool for urban planning: Case studies in Antwerp and Gdańsk
PublicationThere is a growing recognition of the importance of proper urban design in the improvement of air flow and pollution dispersion and in reducing human exposure to air pollution. However, a limited number of studies have been published so far focusing on the development of standard procedures which could be applied by urban planners to effectively evaluate urban conditions with respect to air quality. To fill this gap, a new approach...
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Development of Safirinium dyes for new applications: fluorescent staining of bacteria, human kidney cells, and the horny layer of the epidermis
PublicationLow-molecular synthetic fluorophores are convenient tools in bioimaging applications. Several derivatives of Safirinium dyes as well as their reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters bearing diverse substituents were synthesized and evaluated experimentally in terms of their lipophilicity by means of reverse-phase and immobilized artificial membrane high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, the selected compounds...
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Computed aided system for separation and classification of the abnormal erythrocytes in human blood
PublicationThe human peripheral blood consists of cells (red cells, white cells, and platelets) suspended in plasma. In the following research the team assessed an influence of nanodiamond particles on blood elements over various periods of time. The material used in the study consisted of samples taken from ten healthy humans of various age, different blood types and both sexes. The markings were leaded by adding to the blood unmodified...
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Influence of the Spectral Quality of Light on Daytime Alertness Levels in Humans
PublicationExposure to light is very important for human health. However, the characteristics of the light stimulus and the appropriate timing of such exposure are essential. Studies that have used monochromatic light exposure have shown no systematic patterns for the effects of blue light compared to longer wavelengths. Previous studies have shown that red light exposure increases objective and subjective measures of alertness at night without...
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Acute hypoxia diminishes the relationship between blood pressure and subarachnoid space width oscillations at the human cardiac frequency
PublicationAcute hypoxia exerts strong effects on the cardiovascular system. Heart-generated pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid motion is recognised as a key factor ensuring brain homeostasis. We aimed to assess changes in heart-generated coupling between blood pressure and subarachnoid space width oscillations during hypoxic exposure.
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Determination of trace levels of eleven bisphenol A analogues in human blood serum by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
PublicationChemicals showing structural or functional similarity to bisphenol A (BPA), commonly called BPA analogues, have recently drawn scientific attention due to their common industrial and commercial application as a substitute for BPA. In the European Union, the use of BPA has been severely restricted by law due to its endocrine disrupting properties. Unfortunately, it seems that all BPA analogues show comparable biological activity,...
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Gentiana asclepiadea exerts antioxidant activity and enhances DNA repair of hydrogen peroxide- and silver nanoparticles-induced DNA damage
PublicationExposure to high levels of different environmental pollutants is known to be associated with induction of DNA damage in humans. Thus DNA repair is of great importance in preventing mutations and contributes crucially to the prevention of cancer. In our study we have focused on quantitative analysis of Gentiana asclepiadea aqueous or methanolic extracts obtained from flower and haulm, their antioxidant potency in ABTS post-column...
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Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling – The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome
PublicationResults of the EU ArcRisk project on human health impacts in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling are summarized in the context of their policy application. The question on how will climate change affect the transport of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury, both to and within the Arctic has been addressed, as well as the issue of human health impacts of these pollutants in the...
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Application of analytical procedure based on accelerated solvent extraction and ion chromatography technique for determination of thiocyanate and other inorganic ions in human placenta samples
PublicationExposure of a pregnant woman during pregnancy is a special case of exposure to toxic substances. Samples of placenta collected for the studies had been prepared with the technique of accelerated solvent extraction and later analyzed for the presence of thiocyanate ion and other inorganic ions, with the use of the technique of ion chromatography. The concentration of thiocyanate ion in placenta samples collected from active smokers...
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Determining the noise impact on hearing using psychoacoustical noise dosimeter
PublicationThis research study presents the designed noise dosimeter based on psychoacoustical properties of the human hearing system and, at the same time. evaluation of time and frequency characteristics of noise. The designed noise dosimeter enables assessing temporary threshold shift (TTS) in critical hands in real time. In this way it is possible monitoring the hearing threshold shift continuously for people who stay in the harmful noise...
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Daily diet containing canned products significantly increases serum concentrations of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in young women
PublicationNowadays, exposure to environmental factors is considered to be one of the possible causes of several lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Particularly noteworthy are endocrine‑disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which affect the metabolism of hormones and interact with their receptors, thus exerting adverse health effects. One of the most ubiquitous EDC in daily life is bisphenol A...
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Determination of thiocyanate (biomarkers of ETS) and other inorganic ions in human nasal discharge samples using ion chromatography
PublicationEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a mixture of air and tobacco smoke containing more than 4000 chemical substances. In view of the health risks of many of these substances, studies are needed to determine biomarkers of exposure to ETS constituents in people who actively or passively are exposed to the toxic compounds. The methodologies for determining most biomarkers from saliva, urine and blood samples are known, but methods...
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Antitumor DNA-Damaging C-1748 is a New Inhibitor of Autophagy that Triggers Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
PublicationDespite the enormous progress that has been made over the past decades in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many types of tumors, survival rates in pancreatic cancer still remain poor. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant and chemoresistant tumors and the profound mechanism supporting these phenomena is the constitutively activated prosurvival autophagy. The antitumor 1-nitroacridine derivative C-1748 belongs to...
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Analysis of the influence of polystyrene microplastics and their derivatives on the DNA of human colon epithelial cells HT29 with the comet assay
PublicationWe have been using plastic for almost a century and nowadays a lot of them circulates as pollutants in the environment and still defragmenting to micro and nanoscale. The exposition through the food chain and its precise impact on human health is still not clear. In our study, we tested real food packaging after contact with food products and real thermoinsulation and environmental samples of polystyrene in different model liquids,...
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Evaluation of excessive noise effects on hearing employing psychoacoustic dosimetry
PublicationResearch results regarding the noise impact on hearing applying the concept of the Psychoacoustic Noise Dosimetry (PND) are presented. The general characteristics of the PND algorithm are discussed. Additionally, the results of hearing examinations conducted in the laboratory conditions are shown. The main objective of the research was to determine the time needed for the Temporary Threshold Shift to reverse. The results were used...
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Frequently updated noise threat maps created with use of supercomputing grid
PublicationAn innovative supercomputing grid services devoted to noise threat evaluation were presented. The services described in this paper concern two issues, first is related to the noise mapping, while the second one focuses on assessment of the noise dose and its influence on the human hearing system. The discussed services were developed within the PL-Grid Plus Infrastructure which accumulates Polish academic supercomputer centers....
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Deterioration and Protection of Concrete Elements Embedded in Contaminated Soil: A Review
PublicationCoating materials are considered one of the most antique materials of human civilization; they have been used for decoration and the protection of surfaces for millennia. Concrete structures—due to their permanent exposure to different types of environments and contaminants—require the use of coatings that contribute to its preservation by reducing the corrosion of its components (steel and aggregates). This article intends to...
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DNA-damaging imidazoacridinone C-1311 induces autophagy followed by irreversible growth arrest and senescence in human lung cancer cells
PublicationImidazoacridinone 5-diethylaminoethylamino-8-hydroxyimidazoacridinone (C-1311) is an antitumor inhibitor of topoisomerase II and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor. In this study, we describe the unique sequence of cellular responses to C-1311 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 and H460. In A549 cells, C-1311 (IC80 = 0.08 µM) induced G1 and G2/M arrests, whereas H460 cells (IC80 = 0.051 µM) accumulated...
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Validated GC–MS method for determination of bisphenol a and its five analogues in dietary and nutritional supplements
PublicationBisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues showing structural and functional similarity to BPA are commonly applied in various industrial applications and thus are becoming ubiquitous in the environment. At the same time there is increasing scientific evidence that exposure to these chemicals may lead to adverse health effects in human and wildlife. In recent years dietary and nutritional supplements dedicated for athletes have become...
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Phototransformation of Amlodipine: Degradation Kinetics and Identification of Its Photoproducts
PublicationNowadays, monitoring focuses on the primary compounds and does not include degradation products formed during various biological and chemical processes. Transformation products may have the same effects to human health and the environment or sometimes they can be more toxic than the parent compound. Unfortunately, knowledge about the formation of degradation products is still limited, however, can be very important for the environmental...
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Light formed through urban morphology and different organism groups: First findings from a systematic review
PublicationThe prevailing implementation and usage of contemporary lighting technologies and design practices in cities have created over-illuminated built environments. Recent studies indicate that exposure to electric lighting effects formed through spatial characteristics has visual, physiological, and behavioural effects on both humans and non-humans, such as wildlife. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact that electric...
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Determination of cyanide in urine and saliva samples by ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
PublicationCommonly known as a highly toxic chemical, cyanide is also an essential reagent for many industrial processes. It naturally occurs in plant seeds as a cyanogenic glycosides. Another relatively common mode of cyanide exposure is inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke. This study concerns importance to determine cyanide ion in human biological samples. Urine and saliva samples were collected healthy volunteers exposed to tobacco...
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Recent trends in determination of neurotoxins in aquatic environmental samples
PublicationAnatoxins, saxitoxins, ciguatoxins, beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine and its isomers are groups of neurotoxins which have a highly specific effect on the nervous system of animals, including humans, by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses. In order to assess the human exposure to these neurotoxins, selective, interlaboratory-validated analytical methods are being developed to facilitate obtaining reliable results on...
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IoT for healthcare applications
PublicationThis chapter summarizes IRACON contributions related to the application of IoT in healthcare. It consists of the following three sections. Section 8.1 presents the measurement campaigns and the related statistical analysis to obtain various channel models for wearable and implantable devices. In addition, the importance of physical human-body phantoms used for channel, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and Electromagnetic (EM) exposure...
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Measures of region failure survivability for wireless mesh networks
PublicationWireless mesh networks (WMNs) are considered as a promising alternative to wired local, or metropolitan area networks. However, owing to their exposure to various disruptive events, including natural disasters, or human threats, many WMN network elements located close to the failure epicentre are frequently in danger of a simultaneous failure, referred to as a region failure. Therefore, network survivability, being the ability...
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Supercomputing Grid-Based Services for Hearing Protection and Acoustical Urban Planning, Research and Education
PublicationSpecific computational environments, so-called domain grids, are developed within the PLGrid Plus project in order to prepare specialized IT solutions, i.e., dedicated software implementations and hardware (infrastructure adaptation), suited for particular research group demands. One of the PLGrid Plus domain grids, presented in this paper, is Acoustics. The article describes in detail two kinds of the acoustic domain services....