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  • Kompleksowa analiza symulacyjna układu napędowego zespołu trakcyjnego

    Publication

    - Czasopismo Techniczne - Year 2011

    The paper describes an approach to comprehensive analysis of traction electric drive. The drivetrain of ED-74 electric unit equipped with four inverter-fed induction motors was modeled in Matlab/Simulink. The model consists of functional blocks as: motors, inverters, drive controllers, filters. Structure and operation of the model was described. Chosen simulation results were presented and discussed. Two methods of modeling the...

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  • Immittance Studies of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 Ceramics

    Publication

    - Materials - Year 2020

    Results of studies focusing on the electric behavior of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) ceramics are reported. BFTO ceramics were fabricated by solid state reaction methods. The simple oxides Bi2O3, TiO2, and Fe2O3 were used as starting materials. Immittance spectroscopy was chosen as a method to characterize electric and dielectric properties of polycrystalline ceramics. The experimental data were measured in the frequency range D = (101–107)...

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  • Verification of the Parameterization Methods in the Context of Automatic Recognition of Sounds Related to Danger

    W artykule opisano aplikację, która automatycznie wykrywa zdarzenia dźwiękowe takie jak: rozbita szyba, wystrzał, wybuch i krzyk. Opisany system składa się z bloku parametryzacji i klasyfikatora. W artykule dokonano porównania parametrów dedykowanych dla tego zastosowania oraz standardowych deskryptorów MPEG-7. Porównano też dwa klasyfikatory: Jeden oparty o Percetron (sieci neuronowe) i drugi oparty o Maszynę wektorów wspierających....

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  • High Performance Control of AC Drives with Matlab/ Simulink

    Publication

    - Year 2021

    Explore this indispensable update to a popular graduate text on electric drive techniques and the latest converters used in industry. The Second Edition of High Performance Control of AC Drives with Matlab®/Simulink delivers an updated and thorough overview of topics central to the understanding of AC motor drive systems. The book includes new material on medium voltage drives, covering state-of-the-art technologies and challenges...

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  • The Main Buildings of Technical Universities in Lviv, Warsaw, Gdańsk and Wrocław. Neo-Renaissance „Architecture parlante”

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    The article compares the buildings of historical campuses of four technical universities located in areas related to Polish culture. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, several new technical universities were established in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1844, the Technical Academy was opened in Lviv. In 1899, the Russian who were occupying the east and central part of Poland established the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw....

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  • Conducting polymers for biodegradable metallic implants

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    Nowadays permanent metallic cardiovascular stents are long-term implants. The long-time presence of such an implant in human body can cause overgrowth of tissue within the treated portion of the vessel, blockage of the circulatory system and many other clinical complications, such as thrombosis, prolonged physical irritations or chronic inflammation. Therefore, in recent years, there is an interest to create biodegradable metallic...

  • Historic railway stations, documentation and revitalization of the railway infrastructure facilities - protection of cultural and social heritage

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    The article presents problems of documentation and adaptation of buildings which constitute the cultural heritage of the railway infrastructure facilities in Pomerania in Poland. Shows the potential and possibilityto be adopted for various purposes. This problem affects many sites and buildings, railway stations, railway warehouses, residential buildings, technical buildings, water towers, trackman shelters, bridges, viaducts,...

  • Visual Attention Distribution Based Assessment of User's Skill in Electronic Medical Record Navigation

    Publication

    Currently, the most precise way of reflecting the skills level is an expert’s subjective assessment. In this paper we investigate the possibility of the use of eye tracking data for scalar quantitative and objective assessment of medical staff competency in EMR system navigation. According to the experiment conducted by Yarbus the observation process of particular features is associated with thinking. Moreover, eye tracking is...

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  • Brief Announcement: Energy Constrained Depth First Search

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    Depth first search is a natural algorithmic technique for constructing a closed route that visits all vertices of a graph. The length of such route equals, in an edge-weighted tree, twice the total weight of all edges of the tree and this is asymptotically optimal over all exploration strategies. This paper considers a variant of such search strategies where the length of each route is bounded by a positive integer B (e.g. due...

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  • The potential of raw sewage sludge in construction industry – A review

    Excess sewage sludge produced in any municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plant becomes a serious problem due to its increasing amount. This increase is related to the improvement of treatment technologies, expansion of sewage systems and the development of new industrial plants. The implementation and development of new technologies related to the utilization of sewage sludge is currently based on treating it as a substrate....

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  • Cooperation areas between universities and industry - case studies in the area of civil engineering

    Publication

    The paper describes the areas of cooperation between universities and industry in the area of civil engineering. Presented examples are related to didactics, research grants and commissioned works. On the basis of the authors own experiences the mutual benefits of cooperation in different areas are described. As well as the assessment criteria of the areas of cooperation by the scientific community. The first area of cooperation...

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  • Polish Polar Research: Green-and-White Paper under the aegis of the Polish Polar Consortium (PPC)

    Publication
    • R. J. Bialik
    • M. Ewertowski
    • P. Głowacki
    • D. Gotlib
    • A. Goździk
    • M. Grabiec
    • K. Jankowska
    • L. Bartłomiej
    • M. Łuszczuk
    • W. Majewski... and 11 others

    - Year 2020

    Polar research is a colloquial term for cross-area, cross-domain and interdisciplinary research in the Arctic and Antarctic. Polar research is mainly the domain of natural sciences, but technical sciences and humanities also grow in importance. Being vulnerable to climate change, polar regions are commonly considered as a kind of litmus paper of changes in geosystems, hence the importance of research done there. It aims at a better...

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  • Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing

    Publication

    - Year 2022

    In this book, the idea for residual current protection has been presented. The evolution in construction types of residual current devices, which has taken place over decades, is discussed. Types and functional properties of the contemporary residual current devices are described. The main parameters of these devices, from the point of view of their selection and application, are indicated. Special constructions of the protective...

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  • Safety issues referred to induced sheath voltages in high-voltage power cables – case study

    Publication

    Load currents and short-circuit currents in high-voltage power cable lines are sources of the induced voltages in the power cables’ concentric metallic sheaths. When power cables operate with single-point bonding, which is the simplest bonding arrangement, these induced voltages may introduce an electric shock hazard or may lead to damage of the cables’ outer non-metallic sheaths at the unearthed end of the power cable line. To...

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  • Autonomous port management based AGV path planning and optimization via an ensemble reinforcement learning framework

    Publication

    - OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT - Year 2024

    The rapid development of shipping trade pushes automated container terminals toward the direction of intelligence, safety and efficiency. In particular, the formulation of AGV scheduling tasks and the safety and stability of transportation path is an important part of port operation and management, and it is one of the basic tasks to build an intelligent port. Existing research mainly focuses on collaborative operation between...

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  • Wpływ kolejności dozowania surowców oraz sił ścinających na właściwości mieszanin polietylen dużej gęstości/miał gumowy, wytwarzanych przy użyciu współbieżnej wytłaczarki dwuślimakowej

    Publication

    Kompozycje termoplastyczne polietylenu dużej gęstości (PE-HD) z udziałem 50 % mas. miału gumowego (GTR), wytwarzano przy użyciu współbieżnej wytłaczarki dwuślimakowej. Scharakteryzowano wpływ kolejności dozowania surowców oraz sił ścinających generowanych podczas intensywnego mieszania na parametry pracy wytłaczarki, wartości masowego wskaźnika szybkości płynięcia, statyczne właściwości mechaniczne (wytrzymałość na rozciąganie,...

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  • An updated method identifying collision-prone locations for ships. A case study for oil tankers navigating in the Gulf of Finland

    Publication

    - RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY - Year 2022

    To ensure the risk level associated with continuously increasing maritime traffic through particularly sensitive sea areas remains at acceptable level, a periodic risk assessment needs to be carried out by the relevant authorities. As a part of such assessment, allowing for proactive countermeasures to mitigate risk, the frequency of accidents is estimated along with the assessment of geographical locations where the accidents...

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  • Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics

    Publication

    - ENERGIES - Year 2020

    The seminal Navier-Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier-Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local "working fluid", which would be able to describe the conversion of "heating" into "working" (Carnot's type cycles) and vice...

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  • Methylene Blue Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Biopsy

    Publication
    • O. Budner
    • T. Cwalinski
    • J. Skokowski
    • L. Marano
    • L. Resca
    • N. Cwalina
    • L. Kalinowski
    • R. Hoveling
    • F. Roviello
    • K. Polom

    - Cancers - Year 2022

    Introduction: Fluorescence-based navigation for breast cancer sentinel node biopsy is a novel method that uses indocyanine green as a fluorophore. However, methylene blue (MB) also has some fluorescent properties. This study is the first in a clinical series presenting the possible use of MB as a fluorescent dye for the identification of sentinel nodes in breast sentinel node biopsy. Material and methods: Forty-nine patients with...

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  • SUICIDES FOR ECONOMIC REASONS AS A MEASURE OF THE STATE OF THE ECONOMY: THE CASE OF POLAND

    Publication

    - Współpraca Europejska - Year 2022

    Suicides are a phenomenon observed in many countries. The causes of a decision so drastic as far as consequences are concerned include i.a. economic reasons. The question arises whether the changing number of suicides reflects the state of the economy. The direct link between the state of the economy and suicides has not been sufficiently studied so far. The authors of this article attempted to identify the links between selected...

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  • Structural features responsible for control of the eukaryotic GlcN-6-P synthase activity

    Glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase is responsible for catalysis of the first and practically irreversible step in hexosamine metabolism. As UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine path, constitutes one of the essential substrates for assembly of bacterial and fungal cell walls, the enzyme is an interesting target for antimicrobial therapy.The structure of E. coli enzyme, known since 2001, forms a dimer of two identical...

  • TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system

    This paper outlines a new method of a location service (LCS) in the asynchronous wireless networks (AWNs) where the nodes (base stations) operate asynchronously in relation to one another. This method, called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables the calculation of the position of the mobile object (MO) through the measurements taken by a set of non-synchronized fixed nodes and is based on the measurement of...

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  • Medium-Voltage Drives: Challenges and existing technology

    Publication
    • H. Abu-Rub
    • S. Bayhan
    • S. Moinoddin
    • M. Malinowski
    • J. Guziński

    - IEEE Power Eelectronics Magazine - Year 2016

    The article presents an overview of state-of-art solutions, advances, and design and research trends in medium-voltage (MV) drive technologies - and also discusses the challenges and requirements associated with the use of such drives. The choice and deployment of MV drives in industries are associated with numerous requirements related to the front-end converter (grid side) and inverter (machine side). The focus is on solutions...

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  • Sopot - is it possible to retain the unique image of the city?

    Publication

    Sopot is the best-known seaside resort in Poland. The city is unique with regard not only to its location and natural values, but also its interesting architecture, which dates back to the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The relic of that era is the largest in the country number of buildings characteristic for the Northern European seaside resorts. The architecture of historic Sopot is dominated by eclectic...

  • Usefulness of separation techniques for identification and determination of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds used in process analytics of water and wastewater

    W pracy przedstawiono przegląd i porównanie metodyk identyfikacji i oznaczania Lotnych Związków Tlenoorganicznych (LZT). Porównano metodyki klasyczne umożliwiające oznaczanie wybranej grupy związków chemicznych należących do LZT lub dokonywanie oznaczeń sumarycznej zawartości z metodykiami wykorzystującymi techniki rozdzielania. Lotne związki tlenoorganicze, do których zaliczane są aldehydy, alkohole, ketony, estry, etery oraz...

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  • A MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN SYNCOPE PATIENTS

    Publication

    Syncope phenomena is an abrupt and transient loss of consciousness leading to interruption of awareness of one’s surroundings and falls with risk of injury. Syncope is often followed by complete and usually rapid spontaneous recovery. It is said that half of all individuals experience syncopal event at least once during their life. The condition can occur at any age and happens in people with and without other medical problems....

  • Virulence, antifungal susceptibility and molecular mechanisms of echinocandin resistance among Candida isolates recovered from clinical specimens

    Publication

    Fungi of the genus Candida belong to the natural microflora of healthy individuals. However, they can also be a cause of opportunistic infections especially among patients with an impaired immune system. The first line therapy of Candida infections is based on triazoles. However, in recent years there an increase of azole resistant Candida spp., in particular C. glabrata and C. krusei, has been observed. For this reason, echinocandin...

  • 5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy

    Publication

    - IEEE Access - Year 2023

    The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks utilizing millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands can be considered the leading player in meeting the continuously increasing hunger of the end user demands in the near future. However, 5G networks are characterized by high power consumption, which poses a significant challenge to the efficient management of base stations (BSs) and user association. Implementing new power consumption and user...

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  • The influence of frequency separation on imaging properties in DFEIT

    Publication

    - Year 2010

    W artykule przedstawiono wpływ wyboru składowych częstotliwościowych dla różnicowej tomografii impedancyjnej na wynik i własności obrazowania w dwuczęstotliwościowej różnicowej tomografii impedancyjnej.A Dual Frequency EIT is an extension of a traditional EIT that uses two sinusoidal signals for imaging. Appropriate selection of signals' frequency allows to achieve reasonable contrast of imaged structure. It has already been shown...

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  • Optimization-based antenna miniaturization using adaptively-adjusted penalty factors

    Publication

    - Electronics - Year 2021

    The continuing trend for miniaturization of electronic devices necessitates size reduction of the comprising components and circuitry. Specifically, integrated circuit-antenna modules therein require compact radiators in applications such as 5G communications, implantable and on-body devices, or internet of things (IoT). The conflict between the demands for compact size and elec-trical and field performance can be mitigated by...

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  • Relationship between wages, labour productivity and unemployment rate in new EU member countries

    Publication

    The main aim of this article is to find out the extent to which relative labour productivity and relative unemployment rate changes determine relative wage changes. We use average annual macro-data for the period 2002-2013 for Poland and other 5 new EU members: Estonia, Hungary, Slovak, Czech Republic and Slovenia. Using Poland as benchmark, rst we examine the correlation between wage, productivity and unemployment rate changes...

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  • Modeling of entrained flow steam gasification of sewage sludge

    Publication
    • J. Mularski
    • K. Stasiak
    • M. Ostrycharczyk
    • M. Czerep
    • M. Wnukowski
    • K. Krochmalny
    • M. Baranowski
    • P. Ziółkowski
    • M. Kowal
    • Ł. Niedźwiecki... and 2 others

    - Year 2023

    Proper management of sewage sludge becomes increasingly problematic due to legal requirements aiming at diminishing environmental impact, as well as rationalizing the utilization from the point of view of logistics. Steam gasification of sewage sludge can result in very good quality of the producer gas. So far, the works have been focused on the gasification in fixed bed gasifiers. However, this does not allow to take full advantage...

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  • Zarządzanie terminowością w projektach. Wskaźniki i narzędzia

    Czas jest istotnym elementem tzw. trójkąta projektu, dlatego też terminowość, rozu-miana, jako realizacja przedsięwzięcia w zadanym czasie, to parametr, który powinien podle-gać szczególnemu nadzorowi, a ryzyko nieterminowej realizacji powinno być wykrywane niezwłocznie. Istniejące już metody, takie jak np. wartość wypracowana (j.ang Earned Value - EV) pozwalają zaadresować te wyzwania, jednak ze względu na swoją złożoność mogą...

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  • System subwencjonowania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce: dysfunkcje i pożądane kierunki racjonalizacji

    Publication

    - Year 2016

    Monografia poświęcona jest problematyce racjonalizacji subwencjonowania samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce. Jej głównym celem jest określenie roli i znaczenia subwencji w systemie finansowym jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Za dysfunkcje w największym stopniu zniekształcające system subwencjonowania uznano: ― brak powiązania globalnej kwoty subwencji ogólnej ze składowymi budżetu państwa, ― pomijanie, przy ocenie potencjału...

  • Płyty przedprożowe z elewacji dawnego budynku jatek mięsnych w Gdańsku?

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    Podczas badań archeologicznych prowadzonych w latach 2004-2005 na terenie historycznych jatek mięsnych głównomiejskiego cechu rzeźników w Gdańsku, kierujący badaniami Robert Krzywdziński postawił tezę, że fragmenty płaskorzeźbionej dekoracji ściany szczytowej od strony ulicy Mariackiej, zniszczonego w 1945 roku budynku jatek, zostały wykorzystane jako elementy dekoracyjnych płyt przedprożowych podczas powojennej odbudowy kamienicy...

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  • PRZEBIEG TEMPERATURY ZIM NA OBSZARZE POLSKI W LATACH 1720–2015

    Publication

    - Prace Geograficzne - Year 2018

    The work discusses the air temperature course of winter periods (December–March) in Poland in the years 1720–2015. The analysis is carried out for area mean values calculated from 5 stations: Szczecin, Wrocław, Warsaw, Wilno and Lwów. The time series of the mean area winter temperature (hereinafter PLZ) consists of combined observational (140 years) and reconstructed (156 years) data. PLZ reconstruction is based on independent...

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  • Methane emissions from mangrove soils in hydrologically disturbed and reference mangrove tidal creeks in southwest Florida

    Publication

    - ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING - Year 2018

    Studies have suggested that some mangrove soils might contribute to wetland methane (CH4) production and emissions, especially when the mangroves are disturbed. CH4 emissions were measured seasonally from nine locations on two mangrove creeks on Naples Bay in southwest Florida, USA. One of the tidal creeks has been impacted in the past few decades with alteration of upstream watersheds and freshwater inflows; the other creek was...

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  • Możliwości sterowania mocą bierną elektrowni wiatrowej : Reactive power control methods in wind parks

    Publication

    Referat poświęcony jest zagadnieniu sterowania mocą bierną w elektrowniach wiatrowych. W pierwszej części referatu opisano tło problemu sterowania mocą bierną w parkach wiatrowych, podano powody, dla których moc bierna powinna podlegać regulacji oraz zarysowano metody, które mogą być do niej użyte. W celu sprawdzenia proponowanych metod kompensacji, zbudowano model matematyczny elektrowni wiatrowej, którego poszczególne elementy...

  • Potentials of Water Usage in urban Neighbourhood Structures

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    This paper will treat about water influence and possibility of its usage in the urban neighborhood structures (e.g. districts, real estate properties, town parts) in the context of actual regional environmental problems and according to directories determined by European targets. It is not rare yet in the basic stage of urban design that water is treated as a threat, not a chance. In result planned structures are often built,...

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  • cDNA fingerprint from the hepatopancreatic glands of pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

    Publication
    • M. Woźny
    • P. Kowal
    • S. Ciesielski
    • F. Maciej
    • R. Wiśniewski
    • E. Malicka
    • P. Brzuzan

    - Environmental Biotechnology - Year 2014

    Identification of differentially expressed genes that could be potentially used as biomarkers of PAH exposure of common invertebrate animal (like freshwater snail) would be a valuable resource for investigators interested in toxicology and biomonitoring of aquatic environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate effects of waterborne benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure on mRNA expression in the pond snail’s (Lymnaea...

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  • Opitmalising Human Development Index with sensitivity analysis

    Publication

    - Year 2019

    Research background: Composite indicators are commonly used not only to measure economic development, the standard of livin g, competitiveness, fairness, effectiveness but are also willingly implemented in to many different fields. How- ever, it seems that in most cases the variable weig hting procedure is avoided or erroneous since in most cases so-called “wights by belief” are...

  • Zastosowanie georadaru do badań muru ceglanego

    Publication

    - Year 2015

    Postęp technologiczny w dziedzinie diagnostyki konstrukcji badaniami nieniszczącymi NDT (z ang. nondestructive testing) pozwala na coraz dokładniejsze określenie stanu technicznego danej konstrukcji. Jedną z tego rodzaju technik jest metoda georadarowa należąca do grupy metod elektromagnetycznych. Wykorzystuje ona zjawisko odbicia fali elektromagnetycznej na granicy ośrodków o różnych właściwościach elektrycznych. Metoda znalazła...

  • Przykłady realizacji i interpretacji wyników sondażowych pomiarów terenowych w czynnych systemach wodociągowych

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    W pracy przedstawiono przebieg realizacji i rezultaty sondażowych pomiarów terenowych w trzech układach dystrybucji wody o zróżnicowanym przewymiarowaniu sieci wodociągowej. Pomiary przeprowadzono w dążeniu do identyfikacji właściwości (cech) strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych układów po wieloletniej ich eksploatacji. Ustalenia te determinują opracowanie programu realizacji pomiarów dla potrzeb tarowania komputerowego modelu przepływu...

  • Greenhouse control system design

    Publication

    - Year 2022

    Coraz większa populacja i zmniejszające się tereny uprawne wymusza efektywniejsze metody uprawy roślin. Zaradzić temu mogą układu hydroponiczne, które dzięki rozwojowi techniki są w stanie osiągać znacznie większe oraz bardziej jednorodne plony. Jest to możliwe dzięki zaawansowanym systemom opartym na dokładnych urządzeniach pomiarowych, sterowaniu w zamkniętej pętli oraz mikrokontrolerom umożliwiającym...

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  • Lotne związki chlorowcoorganiczne w strumieniach ścieków i wody procesowej zakładu przemysłowego

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    Lotne związki chlorowcoorganiczne ze względu na swoje właściwości toksyczne, kancerogenne, mutagenne stanowią grupę zanieczyszczeń organicznych, której chemicy analitycy poświęcają wiele uwagi. Pomimo faktu, że dostępne dane literaturowe zapewniają możliwość dokładnego opisu losu środowiskowego ksenobiotyków należących do tej grupyzwiązków, wciąż istnieje potrzeba prac badawczych w tym zakresie, jak również w zakresie określenia...

  • Active-Error Feedforward Technique for Linearization of CMOS Transconductance Amplifier

    Publication

    W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układową operacyjnego wzmacniacza transkonduktancyjnego CMOS o zwiększonej liniowości charakterystyk przejściowych. Proponowana struktura wzmacniacza transkonduktancyjnego opiera się na wykorzystaniu prostych transkonduktorów realizowanych za pomocą par różnicowych. Linearyzacja charakterystyki przejściowej układu następuje dzięki zastosowaniu w ścieżce "feedforward" wzmacniacza błędu. Wzmacniacz...

  • Zastosowanie metody georadarowej do badań konstrukcji żelbetowych

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie metody georadarowej do diagnostyki konstrukcji żelbetowych. Metoda GPR (z ang. ground penetrating radar) należy do grupy badań nieniszczących NDT (z ang. nondestructive testing). Jest ona powszechnie stosowana m. in. w archeologii, geologii i budownictwie. Dzięki tej metodzie możliwa jest identyfikacja warstw geologicznych, podziemnej infrastruktury a także zbrojenia i potencjalnych uszkodzeń...

  • Teaching Architecture – contemporary challenges and threats in the complexity of built environment

    The complexity of the modern built environment is a problem n ot only of architectural and urban issues. This issue extends to many othe r disciplines as well as covering a wide range of social engagements. The idea of writing this pa per is generally initiated by the debate which took place in Gdańs k on 22.01.2016, and was prepar ed in order to meet representatives of the four circles of interest...

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  • Indeksy demokracji i stan zaawansowania ich rozwoju ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem projektu Varieties of Democracy - Democracy indices and their state of development with a special focus on the Varieties of Democracy project

    Publication

    - Year 2022

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