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Assessment of the Current Potential of Hydropower for Water Damming in Poland in the Context of Energy Transformation
PublicationThe present paper indicates that hydropower, including small hydropower plants (SHPs), may play a very important role in Poland’s energy transformation in the near future. The development of SHPs may also increase water resources in the steppe Poland. Additionally, the aim of the present research is to conduct the PEST analysis of SHPs in Poland, taking into account the SHP potential. For the first time, maps showing the power...
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Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives
Publication:Phytoremediationis a technology based on the use of green plants to remove, relocate, deactivate, or destroy harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. Under the general term of phytoremediation, several processes with distinctively different mechanisms of action are hidden. In this paper, the most popular modes of phytoremediation are described and discussed. A broad...
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Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Small Ruminants: Old Problems, and Current Solutions
PublicationToxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis of veterinary importance, with implications for public health. Toxoplasma gondii infection causes abortion or congenital disease in small ruminants. Moreover, the consumption of infected meat, cured meat products, or unpasteurized milk and dairy products can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Serological studies conducted in various European countries have shown the high seroprevalence of specific...
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The PWM current source inverter with IGBT transistors and multiscalar model control system
PublicationW niniejszym artykule przedstawiono struktury układów sterowania maszyny indukcyjnej zasilanej z falownika prądu. Przedstawiono metodę modulacji szerokości impulsów dla falownika prądu. Pokazano modele matematyczne maszyny indukcyjnej klatkowej zasilanej z falownika prądu. Przedstawiono trzy układy regulacji sterowania multiskalarnego z czego dwa są nowe. Rozważania teoretyczne zweryfikowano za pomocą badań symulacyjnych.
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Soft skills among academics: Five theoretically informed lessons for current times
PublicationRESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the role of soft skills among academics in the context of the evolving higher-education landscape. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: We use a scoping review of existing literature to discuss the importance of soft skills in academia. Through critical analysis and synthesis, we identify patterns and gaps in current knowledge and develop five...
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On the light intensity dependence of short-circuit current of bilayer organic photovoltaic cells
PublicationPraca przedstawia model zależności prądu zwarcia w organicznych dwuwarstwowych układach fotowoltaicznych od natężenia światła. Model jest oparty na założeniu jednorodnego pola elektrycznego w obu warstwach organicznych. Uwzględniona jest bimolekularna i monomolekularna rekombinacja nośników ładunku przy heterozłączu. Przedstawione zostało porównanie obliczeń teoretycznych i wyników doświadczalnych dla układów z barwnikiem perylenowym...
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Fault loop impedance measurement in low voltage network with residual current devices
PublicationW sieciach i instalacjach niskiego napięcia z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej jest kłopotliwy. Prąd pomiarowy powoduje ich zbędne zadziałanie, co uniemożliwia prawidłowe wykonanie pomiaru. W artykule omówiono przyczyny zbędnego zadziałania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych podczas pomiaru impedancji pętli zwarciowej oraz warunki, w jakich ten pomiar można wykonać poprawnie.
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Cannabinoids: Challenges, opportunities and current techniques towards its extraction and purification for edibles
PublicationDue to the multiple health benefits associated with the consumption of cannabinoids, there is a current trend on continuing to explore their biological properties. Cannabidiol (CBD) is likely to be the most investigated endocannabinoid from the cannabis plant. Unfortunately, the purification of CBD from its natural source and psychotropic analogue (tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) is timely challenging for the research community based...
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Current Trends in Wick Structure Construction in Loop Heat Pipes Applications: A Review
PublicationThermal control systems have been introduced as an important part of electronic devices, enabling thermal management of their electronic components. Loop heat pipe (LHP) is a passive two-phase heat transfer device with significant potential for numerous applications, such as aerospace applications, high-power LEDs, and solar central receivers. Its advantages are high heat transfer capability, low thermal resistance, long-distance...
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A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector
PublicationThe paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...
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Effect of soil moisture on current-carrying capacity of low-voltage power cables
PublicationOne of the factors affecting current-carrying capacity of underground power cables is the thermal resistivity of soil. Its value in the close proximity of the cable is the most important, and for this reason, in some cases, the local soil is replaced with an another soil type or with a cement-sand mixture. The thermal resistivity of the soil is strongly affected by moisture, and in the case of a cement-sand mixture – as tested...
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A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector
PublicationThe paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...
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Modular high precision high current source for special applications — Simulation and verification
PublicationThis paper presents selected issues concerning realization of high precision high current source for special applications, where high demands of output parameters of such device are required. A new 80 kW prototype of modular high precision high current source is presented, where output current accuracy reaches 5x10-5. This paper presents also results of operation of the simulation model and of the prototype converter. In order...
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Corrosivity of environment and the current state of the steel elements at the former Auschwitz concentration camp
PublicationThe objective of this study was to assess corrosivity of the atmospheric environment in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp, and to identify the protective properties of existing corrosion products in order to estimate the actual corrosion rate of original steel elements located there. The current atmospheric corrosivity of the former Auschwitz camp, specified during one year of exposure...
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Current based Normalized Triple Covariance as a bearings diagnostic feature in induction motor
PublicationDiagnosis of induction motors, conducted remotely by measuring and analyzing the supply current is attractive with the lack of access to the engine. So far there is no solution, based on analysis of current, the credibility of which allow use in industry. Statistics of IM bearing failures of induction motors indicate, that they constitute more than 40% of IM damage, therefore bearing diagnosis is so important. The article provides...
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Motor Cable Effect on the Converter Fed AC Motor Common Mode Current
PublicationAnaliza zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych przewodzonych w przekształtnikowych układach napędowych wymaga uwzględniania pojemności pasożytniczych występujących w przekształtniku, uzwojeniach silnika oraz kablu zasilającym silnik. Dynamiczne zmiany napięć na uzwojeniach silników zasilanych z przekształtników częstotliwości PWM oraz związane bezpośrednio z nimi składowe wspólne prądów zaburzeń przewodzonych są istotnie związane z zjawiskami...
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Thermally stimulated currents in disordered solids at step heating
PublicationW pracy podano rezultaty badań teoretycznych prądów termicznie stymulowanych (TSC) w nieuporządkowanych ciałach stałych, wywołanych krokowym ogrzewaniem próbki. Rozszerzono metodę Gobrechta-Hofmanna analizy TSC na przypadek znaczącego powtórnego pułapkowania nośników. Rozpatrzono TSC mierzone w próbkach o konfiguracji koplanarnej i kanapkowej. Głównymi czynnikami ograniczającymi TSC są wówczas odpowiednio: rekombinacja monomolekularna...
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Comprehensive distortion compensation of grid-connected inverter currents
PublicationThe paper presents a comprehensive approach to the compensation of phase current distortion of grid-connected power inverters. Four different sources of current distortion are addressed: imperfect grid synchronization caused by the distortion in the grid voltages, voltage fluctuations in the dc link, time delays in the estimation of grid voltages, and the distortion of inverter output voltages due to dead-time effects and related...
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Disturbances of magnetic field of plane caused by eddy currents
PublicationResults of the numerical analysis of the magnetic disturbances of a plane caused by eddy currents induced in conducting elements of the plane were presented in this paper. Magnetic disturbances of the object's model were carried out in Opera 3D.
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Currents and photocurrents in organic materials determined by the interface phenomena
PublicationW pracy analizowany jest wpływ złącza materiał-elektroda na prądy i fotoprądy. W szczególności dyskutowane są mechanizmy iniekcji, fotogeneracji oraz transportu nośników ładunku. Rozważania teoretyczne uzupełniają wyniki badań doświadczalnych zarówno własne jak i literaturowe.
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High-Precision FIR-Model-Based Dynamic Weighing System
PublicationConveyor belt-type checkweighers are increasingly popular components of modern production lines. They are used to assess the weight of the produced items in motion, i.e., without stopping them on the weighing platform. The main challenge one faces when designing a dynamic weighing system is providing high measurement accuracy, especially at high conveyor belt speeds. The approach proposed in this paper can be characterized as a...
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Cameras, microphones, and data storage in current monitoring systems.Technology trends, problems and potential solutions
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The Current Use of Mass Spectrometry in Combination with Other Separation Techniques in Drug Discovery Arena
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Antibiotic prophylaxis in open inguinal hernia repair: a literature review and summary of current knowledge
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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Recent evolution and current trends
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Current and future emissions of selected heavy metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic cources in Europe
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Current state of a dual behaviour of antimicrobial peptides-Therapeutic agents and promising delivery vectors
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Vaccination Against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in the Light of Current Epidemic Threats: Unjustified Postponement
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Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens as tools for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis: current status of studies
PublicationToxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan which is the cause of toxoplasmosis. Although human toxoplasmosis in healthy adults is usually asymptomatic, serious disease can occur in the case of congenital infections and immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, despite the exact recognition of its etiology, it still presents a diagnostic problem. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is mainly based on the results of serological tests detecting...
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The Current State-of-the-Art in the Determination of Pharmaceutical Residues in Environmental Matrices Using Hyphenated Techniques
PublicationSeveral thousand tons of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products (metabolites and degradation products) are introduced into the environment each year. They affect both human health and the environment, therefore, analytical procedures enabling the determination of a wide range of pharmaceuticals at trace levelswithminimal effort, time, and energy are required. Nowadays, hyphenated techniques are commonly applied in pharmaceutical...
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublicationContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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The effect of the motor filters on earth fault current waveform in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationIn circuits with variable speed drives distorted earth fault current flows. Earth fault current distortion influences the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. This paper presents earth fault current distortion in circuits with variable speed drives when motor filter is used. Two types of motor filter are analyzed. For every type of filter the effect of earth fault current distortion on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated.
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The adaptive backstepping control of PMSM supplied by current source inverter for the field weakening region
PublicationThe sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM supplied by current source inverter for field weakening operation is presented in this paper. The adaptive backstepping control system and the backstepping speed observer are presented. The control system is based on multi-scalar variables. The control variables are: dc-link voltage and the output current vector pulsation. The control system was named voltage...
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The effect of the motor filters on earth fault current waveform in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationIn circuits with variable speed drives distorted earth fault current flows. Earth fault current distortion influences the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. This paper presents earth fault current distortion in circuits with variable speed drives when motor filter is used. Two types of motor filter are analyzed. For every type of filter the effect of earth fault current distortion on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated.
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3D Machine Vision System for Inspection of Contact Strips in Railway Vehicle Current Collectors
PublicationConstruction and technical condition of current collectors is crucial to reliability and safety of railway transportation. According to the Technical Specifications for Interoperability railway vehicles in the European Union should be equipped with carbon contact strips. Excessive wear or defects of contact strips degrade the capability of undisturbed power transmission, cause faster wear of contact wire, and can even result in...
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Control Systems of an Induction and Synchronous Motor Supplied by Current Source Converter Working as Generator
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Sensorless IPMSM drive with rotor position estimator based on analysis of phase current derivatives
PublicationThis paper describes a sensorless Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drive designed for traction applications. Wide-speed sensorless operation is provided with the use of three methods of rotor position estimation designed for: a standstill, low- and high-speed range. The paper focuses on the high-speed estimation algorithm. The estimator uses the derivatives of motor phase currentsresulting from PWM modulation...
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A new time-frequency detection method of stray current field interferenceon metal structures.
PublicationA new detection method has been presented of stray current field interference on underground metal structures. The method employs short time Fourier transformation (STFT). This method of analysis allows determination of signal spectral power density changes (e.g., structure potential) in the function of time. In the paper results have been presented of total time–frequency analysis of a pipeline potential in a stray current field...
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Current technology trends in Electronic Commerce. Przegląd trendów technologii dla e-Commerce.
PublicationPrzedstawiono przegląd trendów technologii dla e-Commerce. Skupiono się na rozwiązaniach programowanych w dziedzinie wzorców projektowych oraz zastosowania ebXML.
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Energy quality improvement by ultra rapid L. V. fault current limiting andinterrupting.
PublicationPrzedstawiono możliwość ograniczania rozprzestrzeniania się zapadów napięcia w sieciach elektroenergetycznych przy zwarciach przez zastosowanie łączników hybrydowych do ultra szybkiego ograniczania i wyłączania prądów zwarciowych. Referat ma na celu przedstawienie dotychczasowych osiągnięć prac badawczych w dziedzinie łączników ultra szybkich, a także poznanie opinii elektroenergetyki i odbiorców na temat celowości wprowadzenia...
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The influence of the motor filtrers on harmonic current emmision in the pro-ective connection of drive systems.
PublicationThis paper contains detailed analysis of currents in protective wire in engine supplied from frequency converter without any external filters added. It was found that the peak value of current in protective conductor of engine was about 1500 mA at frequencies 5 Hz 50 Hz. In the continuation of research the dU/dt type motor filter and the sinusoidal filter were tested. It was found that the current in protective wire decreased...
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Study of particle - bubble interaction using atomic force microscopy - current possibilities and challenges
PublicationBadania oddziaływań pomiędzy cząstkami mineralnymi i pęcherzykami powietrza są kluczowe do zrozumienia przebiegu flotacji. Wykorzystanie mikroskopii sił atomowych (AFM) i techniki próbnika koloidalnego umożliwia pomiar takich oddziaływań.
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
PublicationRecent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type...
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Polyether-block-amide PEBA membranes for gas separation and pervaporation; current design and applications
PublicationPolyether-block-amide (PEBA) membranes have attracted considerable attention for their exceptional efficacy in gas separation and pervaporation processes. This comprehensive review delves into the precise definition, distinguishing characteristics, and diverse applications of PEBA membranes over the past five years. A primary research objective focuses on enhancing gas separation efficiency, primarily through augmenting membrane...
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Evolutionary optimization of combinational digital circuits with current-mode gates with respect to transistor count
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę ewolucyjnej minimalizacji liczby tranzystorów w cyfrowym układzie kombinacyjnym, zrealizownaym z wykorzystaniem bramek pracujących w trybie prądowym. W zastosowanym algorytmie ewolucyjnym zastosowano chromosomy o budowie wielowarstwowej, przez co zwiększono wydajność optymalizacji. Wyniki otrzymane z wykorzystaniem proponowanej metody zostały porównane z rezultatami osiągniętymi za pomocą map Karnough...
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Current and future emissions of selected heavy metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic cources in Europe
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki obliczeń emisji As, Cd, Cr, Ni i Pb do powietrza ze źródeł antropogennych w Europie. Obecnie spalanie paliw jest głównym źródłem emisji As, Cd, Cr i Ni (powyżej 50 % ogólnej emisji tych metali), natomiast spalanie benzyny jest głównym źródłem emisji Pb. Zaobserwowano ciągłą redukcje emisji tych metali w Europie w ciagu ostatnich 40 lat. Powiększający się stan wiedzy nt. źródeł, emisji oraz transportu i zachowania...
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Protection Against Electric Shock Using Residual Current Devices in Circuits with Electronic Equipment
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono problematykę stosowania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych w obwodach z urządzeniami elektronicznymi, które powodują, że prąd różnicowy ma zmienną częstotliwość lub jest odkształcony. Wyniki badań wskazują, że częstotliwość obiegająca od znamionowej oraz zawartość wyższych harmonicznych w prądzie różnicowym niekorzystnie wpływa na skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej przy zastosowaniu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych....
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Carbon dioxide sequestration by industrial wastes through mineral carbonation: Current status and perspectives
PublicationMineral carbonation using natural minerals or industrial wastes is a safe and promising strategy for CO2 sequestration. Application of industrial wastes for this purpose has significant ecological and environmental value, which is one of the key green technologies in the global carbon mitigation. This review summarizes the current research status of CO2 mineralization by industrial wastes. This work surveys the mechanisms and capacities...
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Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review
PublicationThe use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process as a relatively new solid-state welding technology in the aerospace industry has pushed forward several developments in different related aspects of this strategic industry. In terms of the FSW process itself, due to the geometric limitations involved in the conventional FSW process, many variants have been required over time to suit the different types of geometries and structures,...
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The Adaptive Backstepping Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Supplied by Current Source Inverter
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