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Search results for: polyurethanes foams
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Special forms of echo visual representation in an ahead looking sonar.
PublicationThe paper discusses ways to organise visual representation in a multi-beam ahead looking sonars whose function is to detect objects on the bottom and in pelagic zones. Forms of visual representation are shown and illustrated on the basic screen (panoramic representation and setting, alarms) and on the auxiliary screen (type A, B and special). Special forms of visual representation are mainly used in detecting objects in difficult...
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Preparation of Modified Titanate Nanotubes and Its Application in Polyurethane Nanocomposites
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Modified titanate nanotubes for the production of novel aliphatic polyurethane nanocomposites
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Chemical modifications of natural oils and examples of their usage for polyurethane synthesis
PublicationNatural oils have been used in the production of plastics for a long time. However, the number of studies dedicated to polyurethane research has shown an increase only recently. Usually, petrochemical components are used in polyurethane synthesis. Nowadays, there have been attemptsmade to replace polyols in polyurethanes with the modified oils and other natural raw materials. It is a promising and important scenario because the...
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Influence of Glycols on the Glycolysis Process and the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers
PublicationW pracy omówiono wyniki badań elastomerów wytworzonych z glikolizatów poddanych dezaminacji. Glikolizaty otrzymywano w procesie transestryfikacji polieterouretanów glikolami: propano-1,3-diolem, pentano-1,5-diolem oraz heksano-1,6-diolem. Procesy prowadzono przy trzech stosunkach masowych pianki:glikolu.
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Polyurethane Glycerolysate as a Modifier of the Properties of Natural Rubber Mixtures and Vulcanizates
PublicationChemical recycling of polyurethanes can be realized in several different ways, but the most important methods are glycolysis and glycerolysis. Both methods permit recovery of polyols (when the process is realized with the mass excess of depolymerizing agent) or substitutes of polyols, which contain urethane moieties in the main chains and terminate mainly in hydroxyl groups (when the process is realized with the mass excess of...
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Kinetics of cross-linking processes of fast-curing polyurethane system
PublicationThis work focuses on the application of thermal analysis and kinetics investigations to analyze chemical processes during cross-linking of the complex fast-curing polyurethane system. Non-isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed for both stoichiometric mixtures of polyol and isocyanate component and for mixture with large isocyanate excess. Isoconversional methods were used to calculate initial...
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Bio-Based Polyurethane Networks Derived from Liquefied Sawdust
PublicationThe utilization of forestry waste resources in the production of polyurethane resins is a promising green alternative to the use of unsustainable resources. Liquefaction of wood-based biomass gives polyols with properties depending on the reagents used. In this article, the liquefaction of forestry wastes, including sawdust, in solvents such as glycerol and polyethylene glycol was investigated. The liquefaction process was carried...
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Microporous Polyurethane Thin Layer as a Promising Scaffold for Tissue Engineering
PublicationThe literature describes that the most efficient cell penetration takes place at 200–500 µm depth of the scaffold. Many different scaffold fabrication techniques were described to reach these guidelines. One such technique is solvent casting particulate leaching (SC/PL). The main advantage of this technique is its simplicity and cost efficiency, while its main disadvantage is the scaffold thickness, which is usually not less than...
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Chemical modifications of graphene and their influence on properties of polyurethane composites: a review
PublicationPolyurethane composites are materials of great interest nowadays due to their wide range of available forms and applications in industry. Controlling and achieving unique properties via matrix modifications and addition of various specific nanofillers seems be one of the key elements to success. The purpose of this work is to briefly present some examples of graphene nanoderivatives, their syntheses, properties and influence on...
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Evaluation of the glycerolysis process and valorisation of recovered polyol in polyurethane synthesis
PublicationIn this study, the glycerolysis of polyurethane (PU) foam and the applicability of obtained glycerolysate (GLY) for cast PUs were investigated. It was found that crude glycerine with purity grade of 84% might be successfully used for the glycerolysis. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: reaction time of 60 min at 220 °C using dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (0.5%). Moreover, the purification of GLY by means of liquid-liquid...
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Valorization of bio-based polyols synthesized via biomass liquefaction
Open Research DataAs the properties of polyols have a huge impact on the properties of manufactured polyurethanes, this study aims to determine the influence of polyethylene glycols with different molecular masses on the course of the biomass liquefaction process and bio-polyol properties. The obtained polyols were characterized by rheological studies. To confirm the...
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Study on the Structure-Property Dependences of Rigid PUR-PIR Foams Obtained from Marine Biomass-Based Biopolyol
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Study on the Structure-Property Dependences of Rigid PUR-PIR Foams Obtained from Marine Biomass-Based Biopolyol
PublicationThe paper describes the preparation and characterization of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams obtained with biopolyol synthesized in the process of liquefaction of biomass from the Baltic Sea. The obtained foams differed in the content of biopolyol in polyol mixture (0–30 wt%) and the isocyanate index (IISO = 200, 250, and 300). The prepared foams were characterized in terms of processing parameters (processing...
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Structure, Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams
PublicationIn this work, rigid polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt%) of commercially available petrochemical polyol, with previously synthesized biopolyol based on crude glycerol and castor oil. Influence of the biopolyol content on morphology, chemical structure, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties, thermal stability and flammability was investigated. Incorporation of...
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Obtaining and Characterization of the PLA/Chitosan Foams with Antimicrobial Properties Achieved by the Emulsification Combined with the Dissolution of Chitosan by CO2 Saturation
PublicationA new method of obtaining functional foam material has been proposed. The materials were created by mixing the poly lactic acid (PLA) solution in chloroform, chitosan (CS) dissolved in water saturated with CO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG), and freeze-dried for removal of the solvents. The composite foams were characterized for their structural (SEM, FT-IR, density, porosity), thermal (DSC), functional (hardness, elasticity, swelling...
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Obtaining and Characterization of the PLA/Chitosan Foams with Antimicrobial Properties Achieved by the Emulsification Combined with the Dissolution of Chitosan by CO2 Saturation
PublicationA new method of obtaining functional foam material has been proposed. The materials were created by mixing the poly lactic acid (PLA) solution in chloroform, chitosan (CS) dissolved in water saturated with CO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG), and freeze-dried for removal of the solvents. The composite foams were characterized for their structural (SEM, FT-IR, density, porosity), thermal (DSC), functional (hardness, elasticity, swelling...
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Physico‐Mechanical Properties and Flammability of PUR/PIR Foams Containing Expandable Graphite Core‐Shell Composite Particles
PublicationIn this work, polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (PUR/PIR) foams were modified by two types of expandable graphite (EG) core-shell composite particles. The pulverized EG core-shell composite particles were prepared during emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate for the synthesis of the polymeric shells (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)), and then the obtained EG_PMMA...
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Phototcatalytic oxidation of NO on titanium dioxide coated nickel foams
Open Research DataThe results of photocatalytic NO oxidation were compiled in an Excel file. The measurement was carried out using a chemiluminescence NO analyzer.
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Degradibility in vitro of polyurethanes based on synthetic atactic poly[)R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate
PublicationThe aim of the paper was to determine the degradibility of aliphatic polyurethanes in hydrolytic and oxidative solutions. DSC, GPC, density, polymer surface morphology were studied.
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Advanced coating of interior of tanks for rising environmental safety of tankers - novel applications of polyurethanes
PublicationOpisano technologię nanoszenia ciekłego systemu poliuretanowego na niewygrzewane elementy stalowe i stalowo-betonowe oraz sposób łączenia powłoki poliuretanowej z wymienionymi materiałami, a także między sobą przy użyciu odpowiednich środków adhezyjnych. Scharakteryzowano metodę utylizacji i odzysku polioli z zużytych w badaniach powłok poliuretanowych w recyklingu surowcowym poprzez zastosowanie małoczšsteczkowych glikoli jako...
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On the role of classical and novel forms of vitamin D in melanoma progression and management
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Forms of expressing anger in hospitalised Ukrainian post-deployed™ service members
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Non-ionic and zwitterionic forms of neutral arginine – an ab initio study
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Bifurcation of equilibrium forms of an elastic rod on a two-parameter Winkler foundation
PublicationWe consider two-parameter bifurcation of equilibrium states of an elastic rod on a deformable foundation. Our main theorem shows that bifurcation occurs if and only if the linearization of our problem has nontrivial solutions. In fact our proof, based on the concept of the Brouwer degree, gives more, namely that from each bifurcation point there branches off a continuum of solutions.
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A note on simple bifurcation of equilibrium forms of an elastic rod on a deformable foundation
PublicationWe study bifurcation of equilibrium states of an elastic rod on a two-parameter Winkler foundation. In the article "Bifurcation of equilibrium forms of an elastic rod on a two-parameter Winkler foundation" [Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 39 (2018) 451-463] the existence of simple bifurcation points was proved by the use of the Crandall-Rabinowitz theorem. In this paper we want to present an alternative proof of this fact based...
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Philosophy of Symbolic Forms and a Mystery of “Appearing Itself ”. Cassirer in the Context of Phenomenology
Publicationin the publications concerning Cassirer, whose number has been increasing for about a dozen years, more and more space is devoted to the genesis of his philosophy, and more attention is paid to its linkage to Neo-Kantian Marburg school. Also, in addition to Kantian, Hegelian and Goethean heritage in Cassirer’s philosophy is indicated, while its discovered philosophical foundations make it possible to regard the author of The Philosophy...
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New trends in a development of the contemporary lighting forms within the urban environment
PublicationThis paper presents selected issues on the design of urban lighting forms including street luminaires within the urban environment. The purpose of this paper is to show the evolution of urban lighting forms, in terms of their performance, character, and in the context of the progression of new lighting technologies. The authors discuss chosen aspects related to the development of lighting forms and the changing role of lighting...
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Variability of Pomeranian-German_danish Ornamental Forms in the Cistercian Church in Gdańsk Pomerania
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy powiązań między architekturą Zakonu Cystersów na Pomorzu Gdańskim, a budownictwem ceglanym północnych Niemiec i Danii. Wykazano szereg analogii do odnalezionych pierwowzorów udowadniając ciągłość związków między filiacją oliwską, a romańskimi założeniami sakralnymi w zachodniej części basenu Morza Bałtyckiego.
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Mercury in Living Organisms: Sources and Forms of Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, and Determination Methods
PublicationMercury (Hg) is a heavy metal with well-known and broadly tested toxicity. Since Hg pollution and its impacts on human health are of global concern, it has become necessary to develop analytical methodologies that will provide tools to obtain reliable analytical information about the levels of Hg in samples, which very often have a complex matrix composition. This chapter summarizes key information on Hg and its chemical forms,...
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Covariant forms of lax one-field operators: from abelian to noncommutative
PublicationBadamy kowariancje w odniesieniu do transformacji Darboux wielomianowych operatorów różniczkowych o współczynnikach określonych przez funkcje jednego bazowego pola. W przypadku komutatywnym rozważana para Laxa równań typu Boussinesqa. Wprowadza się pewne zbudowane niezmiennicze formy i nie-abeliowe funkcje specjalne.
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Properties of polyamide 6 and thermoplastic polyurethane blends containing modified montmorillonites
PublicationAnalizie poddano nowy rodzaj mieszanin polimerowych poliamidu 6 z termoplastycznymi elastomerami poliuretanowymi. Mieszaniny wzmocniono poprzez dodatek organicznie modyfikowanych montmorylonitów (Cloisite). Uzyskane układy przebadano metodami termicznymi, dyfrakcyjnymi oraz scharakteryzowano podstawowe właściwości mechaniczne.
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Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of polyamide 6/thermoplastic polyurethane blends
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2-Chlorophenol photooxidation using immobilized meso-tetraphenylporphyrin in polyurethane nanofabrics
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Thermoplastic polyurethane/(organically modified montmorillonite) nanocomposites produced by in situ polymerization
PublicationA series of polyurethane nanocomposites were synthesized from thermoplastic polyurethanes (with different hard segment ratios) and two types of organically modified montmorillonites (OMMT) - Cloisite® 10A and Cloisite® 20A. The thermal behavior was examined by non-isothermal thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic-Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). The results of X-ray analyses showed that...
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Deposition, morphology and functional properties of layers based on DLC:Si and DLC:N on polyurethane
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Thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates) and polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesives
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Interrelated shape memory and Payne effect in polyurethane/graphene oxide nanocomposites
PublicationWe report the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO) based polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites by a simple method of mixing and their shape memory properties at different temperatures. Both the polymer and the filler were synthesized in the laboratory by simple and easy methods – PU by pre-polymer method and GO by improved graphene oxide synthesis method. High molecular level dispersion of GO platelets within the PU matrix and thus good...
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Toughness augmentation by fibrillation and yielding in nanostructured blends with recycled polyurethane as a modifier
PublicationIn the present paper, we have carefully investigated the morphology and fracture mechanism of the recycled polyurethane (RPU) /epoxy blend system. The second phase (RPU) added to the epoxy resin has a positive effect on the overall mechanical properties. Interestingly, the recycled polymer has a remarkable effect on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin. The mechanism behind the fracture toughness improvement up on the addition...
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Stress Relaxation Behaviour Modeling in Rigid Polyurethane (PU) Elastomeric Materials
PublicationPolyurethane (PU) has been used in a variety of industries during the past few years due to its exceptional qualities, including strong mechanical strength, good abrasion resistance, toughness, low-temperature flexibility, etc. More specifically, PU is easily “tailored” to satisfy particular requirements. There is a lot of potential for its use in broader applications due to this structure–property link. Ordinary polyurethane items...
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Polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) as a method of wood waste management
PublicationIn recent years, due to the progressive environmental degradation and increase of environmental awareness, the sustainability of production systems in wood processing, the wood industry, and wood waste management is a crucial issue for European industry and society. Consequently, the problem of generating wood-like waste and the associated risks has become an increasingly noticeable challenge for science. Although various methods...
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Polyurethane porous scaffolds (PPS) for soft tissue regenerative medicine applications
PublicationTissue engineering requires suitable polymeric scaffolds, which act as a physical support for regenerated tissue. A promising candidate might be polyurethane (PUR) scaffold, due to the ease of the PUR properties design, which can be adjusted directly to the intended purpose. In this study, we report a successful fabrication of porous polyurethane scaffolds (PPS) using solvent casting/particulate leaching technique combined with...
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Thermal-Resistant Polyurethane/Nanoclay Powder Coatings: Degradation Kinetics Study
PublicationIn the present study, thermal degradation kinetics of polyurethane (PU) powder coatings reinforced with organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was investigated. PU nanocomposites were prepared in different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of OMMT via the extrusion method. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrating uniform dispersion of OMMT nano-clay platelets in the...
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Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Polyurethane Flexible Adhesive in Reduction of Structural Vibrations
PublicationThe aim of the present study is to consider the idea of using polyurethane flexible adhesive in to reduce the vibrations in structures exposed to dynamic loads and evaluate their damping properties in relation to large deformations. Firstly, two aluminium cantilever beams, simulating structural elements (without and with polyurethane layer in the form of tape), were analysed, in order to check the damping of the unconstrained polymer...
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Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites Filled with Powdered Buckwheat Husks
PublicationBio-based fillers for the polymer composites are still interesting from the scientific and industrial point of view, due to their low cost and renewable nature. In this work partially green composites were obtained by the mixing of thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane) with the unmodified and modified (by acetylation) grinded buckwheat husks. Obtained biocomposites were characterized in the terms of their chemical structure (FTIR),...
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Timber Frame Houses with Different Insulation Materials - Seismic Analysis
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present results of a dynamic numerical analysis focused on the response of two timber frame building structures exposed to seismic excitations. The first structure was insulated with mineral wool, while the second one with polyurethane foam. Specifications and technology involved in the models' construction are based on the previously conducted experimental study, upon which numerical structural models...
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Cast polyurethanes obtained from reactive recovered polyol intermediates via crude glycerine decomposition process
PublicationIn this work, the possibility of applying intermediates from polyurethane waste recycling in polyurethane synthesis was presented. Polyurethanes were synthesised in a two-step method using a mixture of petrochemical polyol and glycerolysate, used as a reactive component, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-buthanediol (BD). Glycerolysates were produced during decomposition of polyurethane elastomer by crude glycerine...
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Application of Peracetic Acid for Biological Foam Elimination in the SBR Bioreactor
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki wstępnych badań nad zastosowaniem kwasu nadoctowego (PAA) do likwidacji piany biologicznej, spowodowanej przez bakterię nitkowatą Microthrix parvicella. Wykazano, że okresowe zraszanie powierzchni piany małymi dawkami kwasu nadoctowego (rzędu kilkudziesięciu ml 1% roztworu PAA/na 1 m2 piany o grubości 1 cm) powoduje niemal natychmiastwy zanik piany, wytworzonej na powierzchni osadu czynnego w bioreaktorze...
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Structure-rheology relationship of fully bio-based linear polyester polyols for polyurethanes - Synthesis and investigation
PublicationThe synthesis of polyols from renewable substances as an alternative for petrochemical-based polyols play important matter in the polyurethane industry. In this work, the fully bio-based linear polyester polyols with different catalyst amounts were synthesized via two-step polycondensation method. The effect of various catalyst content on the structure and rheological behavior were established. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,...
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Study of Aliphatic Polyurethanes by the Low-Field 1H NMR Relaxometry Method with the Inversion of the Integral Transformation
PublicationIn this paper, the distributions of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation times are used to characterize the mobility of different sections of macromolecules of aliphatic polyurethanes and the cross-linking density of polymer chains. The NMR relaxometry method with inversion of integral transformation is applied to study the effect of poly (ethylene glycol) and glycerol phosphate calcium...