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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: THIN-FILM ANNEALING
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Optical and electrical properties of ultrathin transparent nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes
PublikacjaThe optical properties of ultrathin (less than 100 nm) boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) film were investigated in a wavelength range of 200 ÷ 20000 nm. The B-NCD refractive index showed values close to that of monocrystalline diamond (n = 2.45) in a broad wavelength range (450 ÷ 4000 nm). A transmittance up to 70% and the average film thickness of 70 nm were achieved. A special cone-shaped shim was used in the deposition...
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A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
PublikacjaIn the present study, an innovative design of the urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulences and elongating...
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Hydrogen effects in duplex stainless steel welded joints - electrochemical studies
PublikacjaIn this work results on the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) welded joints are described. The results were discussed by taking into account three different areas on the welded joint: weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal. The corrosion resistance was qualified with the polarization curves registered in a synthetic sea water. The conclusion is that,...
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Diamond-based protective layer for optical biosensors
PublikacjaOptical biosensors have become a powerful alternative to the conventional ways of measurement owing to their great properties, such as high sensitivity, high dynamic range, cost effectiveness and small size. Choice of an optical biosensor's materials is an important factor and impacts the quality of the obtained spectra. Examined biological objects are placed on a cover layer which may react with samples in a chemical, biological...
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Kinetics of Intermetallic Phase Precipitation in Manual Metal Arc Welded Duplex Stainless Steels
PublikacjaThe article presents the influence of heat treatment on the kinetics of transformations in lean duplex LDX2101 steel and a weld made of standard duplex 2209 material, which was welded by manual metal arc welding. Changes in the microstructure, hardness, and magnetic phase content were analyzed after heat treatment was conducted at a temperature of 800 °C for a period ranging from 15 to 1440 min. Light and scanning microscopy, Vickers...
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FLUID BED COATING OF MINITABLETS AND PELLETS WITH OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS BASED ON TAGUCHI METHOD
PublikacjaSmall particles like pellets are coated in fluid bed systems. This method can be also feasible for minitablets but the selection of optimal process parameters is complicated. The aim of the research was to optimize the coating process for minitablets and to compare the conditions required for pellets. Minimum fluidization velocities (umf) for 2.0 and 2.5 mm minitablets and 0.7-0.8 mm or 1.0-1.25 mm pellets were determined experimentally....
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Surface finite viscoelasticity and surface anti-plane waves
PublikacjaWe introduce the surface viscoelasticity under finite deformations. The theory is straightforward generalization of the Gurtin–Murdoch model to materials with fading memory. Surface viscoelasticity may reflect some surface related creep/stress relaxation phenomena observed at small scales. Discussed model could also describe thin inelastic coatings or thin interfacial layers. The constitutive equations for surface stresses are...
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Determination of Liquid Detergent Pods as a Potential Microplastic Source
PublikacjaWashing pods became a popular way to add detergent to washing machines. Despite the claims about the degradability of the pod film, the sludge in pipes can be observed after the usage of such pods. This study focused on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of washing pod films as a source of microplastic.
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Model of heat transfer in the stagnation point of rapidly evaporating microjet
PublikacjaThe paper presents investigation in the single water microjet surface cooling producing evaporating film. Reported tests were conducted under steady state conditions. It was proved that the phenomenon is similar to that of pool boiling. Results of experiments were compared with predictions by the model showing a good consistency.
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The Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan-Based Materials Modified with Phenolic Acids Irradiated by UVC Light
PublikacjaThis paper concerns the physicochemical properties of chitosan/phenolic acid thin films irradiated by ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 290 nm (UVC) light. We investigated the preparation and characterization of thin films based on chitosan (CTS) with tannic (TA), caffeic (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) addition as potential food‐packaging materials. Such materials were then exposed to the UVC light (254 nm) for...
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Evaluation of Praseodymium and Gadolinium Doped Ceria as a Possible Barrier Layer Material for Solid Oxide Cells
PublikacjaIn this work, nanocrystalline layers based on the Pr, Gd co-doped CeO2 were investigated. For the preparation of thin layers, lowtemperature spray pyrolysis technique was used. Different stoichiometries of the layers were produced for comparison on polished sapphire substrates. The microstructure of the prepared thin layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD)....
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Enhancement of fiber-optic low-coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with ZnO ALD films
PublikacjaIn this paper investigation of the enhanced fiber-optic low coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with zinc oxide (ZnO) film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was presented. Model of the interferometer, which was constructed of single-mode optical fiber with applied ZnO ALD films, was built. The interferometer was also examined by means of experiment. Measurements were performed for both reflective and transmission modes,...
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FIBRE-OPTIC SENSOR FOR SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESSAND REFRACTIVE INDEX OF LIQUID LAYERS
PublikacjaIn this paper, we present a fibre-optic sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and thickness of liquid layers. We designed an experimental low-coherence setup with two broadband light sources and an extrinsic fibre-optic Fabry–Pérot interferometer acting as the sensing head. We examined how the refractive index of a liquid film and its thickness affect spectrum at the output of a fibre-optic interferometer. We...
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Effect of manufacturing errors of the pad sliding surface on the performance of the hydrodynamic thrust bearing
PublikacjaIn the present study, investigation of the effect of manufacturing errors on the performance of large tilting pad thrust bearings has been performed, following a CFD-based Thermohydrodynamic analysis of a single pad. A 3D model has been generated, including the pad, the lubricant film and the corresponding part of the collar. The pad has been assumed to be deformed about the pivot point, due to thrust loading. Manufacturing errors...
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The energy approach to fatigue crack growth of S355 steel welded specimens subjected to bending
PublikacjaThe study presents the results of the research on the rate of fatigue crack growth subjected to bending in the ferritic-pearlitic structure. The studies were carried out at a constant amplitude of the moment and at various values of the load ratios R and at the operating frequency of the machine of 28.4 Hz. Flat specimens made of S355 steel and with fillet welds and with double-sided blunt external notches as well as concave...
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Induction Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials AA5052 Aluminium Alloy and X12Cr13 Stainless Steel
PublikacjaThis research aimed to study the induction in-situ heated hybrid friction stir welding (IAFSW) method to join AA5052 aluminium alloy with X12Cr13 stainless steel (SS) to enhance joint strength. The potency of this method on the mechanical properties and microstructural characterizations were also investigated. The results show that the transverse tensile strength gained was 94% of the AA5052 base metal that is 229.5 MPa. This superior...
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Improvement of the thrust bearing calculation considering the convectional heating within the space between the pads
PublikacjaA modern thrust bearing calculation tool should consider not only the oil film between pad and rotating collar but also the space between the pads. The oil flow in the space has a significant influence on the oil film inlet temperature, the convectional cooling of pad and collar and should be included in the bearing calculation methods. The authors use a tool developed at Clausthal University of Technology in cooperation with the...
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The resistance of S235JR steel to cavitation erosion
PublikacjaThe erosion resistance of S235JR steel to flow cavitation was investigated. In order to understand an influence of steel properties and cavitation intensities on the degradation mechanisms, low-carbon S235JR steel was tested in the as-received state and after thermal treatment (annealing) under four different flow velocities. Annealing decreased steel hardness, which made S235JR steel less resistant to cavitation erosion. The performed...
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Hydrothermal modification of TiO2 nanotubes in water and alkali metal electrolytes (LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3) – Direct evidence for photocatalytic activity enhancement
PublikacjaThe influence of hydrothermal annealing (HA) of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) in various baths (H2O, LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3 performed for 4 h, 24 h, 64 h), on their photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic properties, was studied. The use of electrolytes was to enable the monitoring of photoactivity changes as a result of the expected impact on the population of hydroxyl groups on the surface. The assumption turned out to be correct and...
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Gas Composition Influence on the Properties of Boron-Doped Diamond Films Deposited on the Fused Silica
PublikacjaThe main subject of this study are molecular structures and optical properties of boron-doped diamond films with [B]/[C] ppm ratio between 1000 and 10 000, fabricated in two molar ratios of CH 4 -H 2 mixture (1 % and 4 %). Boron-doped diamond (BDD) film on the fused silica was presented as a conductive coating for optical and electronic purposes. The scanning electron microscopy images showed homogenous and polycrystalline surface...
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Synthesis and electrochemical characteristics of novel dithiocarbamate polymers
PublikacjaNovel dithiocarbamate compounds have been obtained by reacting a linear poly(ethylenimine)polymer, MW 50,000, with CS2. The resulting anionic polymers contain, depending on the reaction conditions, up to two sulfur atoms per one nitrogen atom (approx. 40% w/w). The polymers are soluble in dimethylsulfoxide and insoluble in acetonitrile solutions. In both solvents they are electrochemically active, in the latter case as a cast film...
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Nanocrystalline cathode functional layer for SOFC
PublikacjaRecently, it was shown that thin functional layers introduced between an electrolyte and cathode might improve cathode performance. However, the mechanism of this improvement still needs analysis. In this paper, a thin (∼140 nm), spin-coated perovskite layer (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) was placed between a cathode (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) and an electrolyte (Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ) and the effects of this investigated. The microstructure...
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Linear antenna microwave chemical vapour deposition of diamond films on long-period fiber gratings for bio-sensing applications
PublikacjaThe growth processes of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films on fused silica optical fibers with UV-induced long-period gratings (LPGs) were investigated with regard to biosensing applications. The films were deposited using a linear antenna microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, which allows for the growth of diamond at temperatures below 350°C. The films exhibited a high refractive index n = 2.32, as...
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Degradation of Gel-Coat Layer in Glass/Polyester Laminate in Seawater Environment
PublikacjaGlass/polyester laminate coated with gelcoat layer of different thickness 0,5; 1,5; 3 mm was studied in terms of blistering behaviour and water sorption in hot water environment. Blistering was found to be accelerated for thin (0,5 mm) gel-coat layer compared to the thick (1,5; 3 mm), however no significant difference in blistering behaviour was observed between the laminates with gel-coat thickness 1,5 and 3 mm which may suggest...
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Morphology of damage inflicted on brittle polymer in lubricated contact under cyclic static load
PublikacjaIn this article morphology of damage inflicted on the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate in static point lubricated contact with a ball made of five different materials under cyclic normal load has been presented. It is argued that the counterface material and lubricating film play an important role in the damage process and the extent of damage inflicted in the PMMA plate.
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Formation and Growth of the Crack in Bonded Joints Under Mode I Fracture: Substrate Deflection at Crack Vicinity
PublikacjaAdhesive bonding is now commonly used in aircraft, cars, boats, etc. In these applications, thin panels are often bonded. In such thin structures, heterogeneous mechanical loading along the bondline edge (or potential crack front), is likely to arise due to 3D structural effects. The crack front and its vicinity is a special region, in that it is where structural properties of the adherend material meet those of the adhesive (discontinuity)....
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Improvement of Thrust Bearing Calculation Considering the Convectional Heating within the Space between the Pads
PublikacjaA modern thrust bearing tool is used to estimate the behavior of tilting pad thrust bearings not only in the oil film between pad and rotating collar, but also in the space between the pads. The oil flow in the space significantly influences the oil film inlet temperature and the heating of pad and collar. For that reason, it is necessary to define an oil mixing model for the space between the pads. In the bearing tool, the solutions...
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OPERATING CONDITIONS OF SLIDE BEARINGS OF MILLS USED IN KGHM POLSKA MIEDŹ S.A.
PublikacjaThe paper contains the results from a tec hnical analysis of the conditions of the operation of hydrodynamic bearings supporting the drums of ore processing mills at KGHM Polska Mied ź S.A. A theoretical analysis was performed on the grounds of onsite examination and measurem ents of principal dimensions of the bearings of interest. The computer simulation covered the characteristics of the oil film in the bearings...
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Hydrogen Damage in Superaustenitic 904L Stainless Steels
Publikacjaresults on the influence of hydrogen on corrosion resistance and of hydrogen embrittlement of 904L superaustenitic stainless steel were investigated. The cracking behavior was studied by performing a slow strain rate test in synthetic seawater under varying cathodic polarization conditions. The results showed that the steel’s plasticity varied with the applied cathodic current density. Significant reductions in ductility were found,...
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Application of the Optimization Methods to the Search of Marine Propulsion Shafting Global Equilibrium in Running Condition
PublikacjaFull film hydrodynamic lubrication of marine propulsion shafting journal bearings in running condition is discussed. Considerable computational difficulties in non-linear determining the quasi-static equilibrium of the shafting are highlighted. The approach using two optimization methods (the particle swarm method and the interior point method) in combination with the specially developed relaxation technique is proposed to overcome...
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Sensing the onset of epoxy coating degradation with combined Raman spectroscopy/atomic force microscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of investigation on epoxy resin durability upon 12-week exposure to UV radiation. The aim was early determination of the onset of epoxy degradation and for this purpose an epoxy film on steel substrate systems were periodically inspected using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The behaviour of examined polymer could be divided into three periods: immunity,...
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Tuning of the finesse coefficient of optoelectronic devices
PublikacjaOptoelectronic devices attracted considerable attention in many branches of science and technology, which can be attributed to their unique properties. Many of them use optical cavities which parameters can be adopted to specific requirements. This thesis investigates the introduction of diamond structures (nitrogen-doped diamond film, boron-doped diamond film, undoped diamond sheet) to optical cavities to tune their finesse coefficient....
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The importance of individual spray properties in performance improvement of a urea-SCR system employing flash-boiling injection
PublikacjaThe appropriate mixing of a urea–water solution (UWS) with exhaust gases in a selective catalytic reduction system is crucial to efficiently reduce nitrogen oxides and diminish the deposition of liquid wall film. One of the methods to enhance the mixing of the UWS with the exhaust gases is a flash-boiling injection. Its positive effect has been linked with a reduced Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and improved evaporation, but the...
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On the Application of Magnetoacoustic Emission for a Nondestructive Assessment of the Post Welding Heat Treatment of High Chromium Steel Weld Seams
PublikacjaThe paper analyses the possibility of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) quality assessment with the help of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) signal measurements. Two welded superheater tubes, made of high chromium VM12 steel, were analysed—as welded and heat treated one. The analysed sample in the as welded state exhibited significantly higher hardness, accompanied by a big difference in the MAE signal intensity (of order of about...
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Spectroscopic Study of Plasma Polymerized a-C:H Films Deposited by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge
PublikacjaPlasma polymerized a-C:H thin films have been deposited on Si (100) and aluminum coated glass substrates by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operated at medium pressure using C2Hm/Ar (m = 2, 4, 6) gas mixtures. The deposited films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS), Raman spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. FT-IRRAS revealed the presence of sp3 and sp2 C–H stretching and...
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The low coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with diamond and ZnO layers
PublikacjaThe authors present a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer built with the application of diamond and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layers. Thin ZnO films were deposited on the tip of a standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF- 28) while the diamond layer was grown on the plate of silicon substrate. Investigated ZnO layers were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the diamond films were deposited using Microwave...
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Wide-field magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy color centers with randomly oriented micro-diamonds
PublikacjaMagnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond has gained significant interest among researchers in recent years. Absolute knowledge of the three-dimensional orientation of the magnetic field is necessary for many applications. Conventional magnetometry measurements are usually performed with NV ensembles in a bulk diamond with a thin NV layer or a scanning probe in the form of a diamond tip, which requires a...
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Algorithms for testing security in graphs
PublikacjaIn this paper we propose new algorithmic methods giving with the high probability the correct answer to the decision problem of security in graphs. For a given graph G and a subset S of a vertex set of G we have to decide whether S is secure, i.e. every subset X of S fulfils the condition: |N[X] \cap S| >= |N[X] \ S|, where N[X] is a closed neighbourhood of X in graph G. We constructed a polynomial time property pseudotester based...
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Study of the Influence of Heat Convection Coefficient on Predicted Performance of a Large Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing
PublikacjaPart of the heat generated by the shearing of the lubricating film during operation of a hydrodynamic bearing is transferred to the bearing components. In the case of the pad, which is usually fully submerged in the lubricating oil, heat is further transferred at the pad free walls to the oil by convection. This mechanism causes a thermal gradient in a pad and, consequently, its thermal deflection. In large hydrodynamic thrust...
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Conducting Polymer Microelectrodes Anchored to Hydrogel Films
PublikacjaArtykuł prezentuje wytwarzanie organicznych hydrożeli z mikroelektrodami poli(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, PEDOT), które wykazują obniżoną rezystywność 100 Ω/□. Proces przygotowania rozpoczyna się elektroosadzania przewodzącego PEDOT (ok. 20 S/cm) na mikroelektrodach Pt. Elektrolityczne wiąże się film PEDOT z hydrożelem. Tak wytworzona struktura jest odrywana elektrycznie pd podłoża.
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A 3D-FEM mesh technique for fast analysis of waveguide problems containing rotatable tuning elements
PublikacjaIn this paper a meshing technique for 3D Finite Element Method is presented. It allows for fast analysis and optimization of the waveguide structures, which contain rotatable tuning elements. In the proposed procedure a thin layer of varying cylindrical mesh buffer is introduced in order to reuse unchanged mesh and FEM matrices in the rest of the domain.
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In-situ monitoring of electropolymerization processes at boron-doped diamond electrodes by Mach-Zehnder interferometer
PublikacjaIn this work, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer was designed to monitor the electrochemical processes conducted at boron-doped diamond electrode surface. The diamond electrodes were synthesized via Microwave Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition on optical grade quartz glass. The achieved transmittance in working are of diamond electrodes reached 55 %. A cage system-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used which allowed the...
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Titania Nanotubes/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Produced with the Use of the Atomic Layer Deposition Technique: Estimation of Bioactivity and Nanomechanical Properties
PublikacjaTitanium dioxide nanotubes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were produced on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V/TNT/HA) and studied as a biocompatible coating for an implant surface modification. As a novel approach for this type of nanocomposite fabrication, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method with an extremely low number of cycles was used to enrich titania nanotubes (TNT) with a very thin hydroxyapatite coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD)...
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Badania stabilności chemicznej kompozytowego elektrolitu 3-YSZ-Al2O3 w stosunku do materiałów elektrodowych do zastosowania w średniotemperaturowych ogniwach paliwowych
PublikacjaJednym z podstawowych wymogów stawianych mate- riałom na elektrolity do średniotemperaturowych ogniw paliwowych IT-SOFC (ang. intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells) jest ich kompatybilność chemiczna z elektrodami w temperaturach zarówno eksploatacji, jak i wytwarzania ogniw. W celu sprawdzenia, czy badany w pracy kompozytowy elektrolit o osnowie z częściowo stabilizowanego ditlenku cyrkonu i z wtrąceniami tlenku glinu...
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Wideband crossover structure with double ring resonators
PublikacjaThe structure of a four-port microstrip crossover is presented. The device is composed of two ring resonators, one circular and one built from meander lines, connected by four straight lines. The equivalent circuit model of the crossover is derived. The structure is designed on thin and flexible substrate to allow it to bend. The possibility of applying the device on curved surfaces is tested experimentally.
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Simulation investigation of perovskite-based solar cells
PublikacjaThree models of thin-layer lead-halide perovskite solar cells with different electron-transport layers (TiO2,SnO2,ZnO) were investigatedby the simulation method. The perovskite layer thickness was optimized for all the systems. The analysis of the standard photovoltaic cell performanceparameters at various operating temperatures was performed. The best performance was achieved for the system with theSnO2conductive layer.
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Influence of High Temperature Oxidation on Hydrogen Absorption and Degradation of Zircaloy-2 and Zr 700 Alloys
PublikacjaThe present research was aimed at determining the effects of the oxide layers on hydrogen absorption, microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zircaloy- 2 and Zr 702 alloys. The oxidation was made at 350 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C for 10 to 30 min in laboratory air, followed by hydrogen cathodic charging for 72 h and annealing at 400 °C for 4 h. The slow strain rate tests were carried out on oxidized, charged and annealed specimens. The...
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Design of dimensionally stable composites using efficient global optimization method
PublikacjaDimensionally stable material design is an important issue for space structures such as space laser communication systems, telescopes, and satellites. Suitably designed composite materials for this purpose can meet the functional and structural requirements. In this paper, it is aimed to design the dimensionally stable laminated composites by using efficient global optimization method. For this purpose, the composite plate optimization...
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The effect of morphology and crystalline structure of Mo/MoO3 layers on photocatalytic degradation of water organic pollutants
PublikacjaMolybdenum oxide layers were formed by anodization of the Mo metallic foil in a water/ethylene glycol-based electrolyte containing fluoride ions. The as-prepared, amorphous samples were annealed in air at different temperatures in a range from 100 �C to 700 �C. The crystal phase and morphology of anodized and annealed MoO3 layers were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The...
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ZnO coated fiber optic microsphere sensor for the enhanced refractive index sensing
PublikacjaOptical fiber-based sensors are expected to become key components in the control of industrial processes,and the tuning and the enhancement of their sensing properties are crucial for the further developmentof this technology. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), a vapor phase technique allowing for the deposition ofconformal thin films, is particularly suited for the deposition of controllable thin films on challenging sub-strates....