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New potential functions for greedy independence and coloring
PublikacjaA potential function $f_G$ of a finite, simple and undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ is an arbitrary function $f_G : V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{N}_0$ that assigns a nonnegative integer to every vertex of a graph $G$. In this paper we define the iterative process of computing the step potential function $q_G$ such that $q_G(v)\leq d_G(v)$ for all $v\in V(G)$. We use this function in the development of new Caro-Wei-type and Brooks-type...
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Analysis of abrasive particle trajectories during single-sided lapping process with driven conditioning ring
PublikacjaIn this paper new kinematics systems were studied for a single lapping process. In order to ensure the constant profile wear of the tool a standard kinematic system can be changed. Lapping is carried out by applying loose abrasive grains between two surfaces and causes a relative motion between them. The result is a finish of multi-directional lay. During process, the mechanism of surface formation are decisively affected by a...
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Discrimination of selected fungi species based on their odour profile using prototypes of electronic nose instruments
PublikacjaThe paper presents practical application of an electronic nose technique to fast and efficient discrimination of the samples of different fungi species such as: Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium herbarum, Rhizopus oryzae, Alternaria alternata. Two prototypes of electronic nose instrument were utilized for investigation of discrimination capability with respect to odour profile of these fungi: the first prototype was based on...
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Study of Metrological Properties of Voltammetric Electrodes in the Time Domain
PublikacjaMetrological properties of voltammetric electrodes, in the situation where on their surface an electrochemical reaction of oxidizing/reduction takes place, were analyzed in this chapter. The properties of electrodes on which a reaction controlled by ion transport process takes place were taken into consideration. Also, it was analyzed how the electrode’s shape and the voltage polarizing the electrode influence this electrode’s...
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC RAILWAY BRIDGES IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF ADJUSTING THEM TO PENDOLINO TRAINS
PublikacjaThe article presents the dynamic analysis of the historic railway bridge in Tczew as an example of the usefulness of such type of bridge for high-speed trains. The model of the bridge and the simulation of rolling stock passage was performed in SOFISTIK program. The scope of work includes experimental studies, the solution of the problem concerning the correct solution features dynamic model takes into account the dependencies...
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Recovery and re-use of photovoltaic solar cells from crystalline silicon
PublikacjaCrystalline silicon-type PV modules consist, in order of mass, of glass, an aluminium frame, an EVA coating, solar cells, a terminal box, back film and tapping screws. From the economic point of view, pure silicon, recoverable from spent cells, is the most important material owing to its cost and shortage. For crystalline, silicon-based PV cells, the following chemical treatments were performed: removal of the metal coating, followed...
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Propagation of initially sawtooth periodic and impulsive signals in a quasi-isentropic magnetic gas
PublikacjaThe characteristics of propagation of sawtooth periodic and impulsive signals at a transducer are analytically studied in this work. A plasma under consideration is motionless and uniform at equilibrium, and its perturbations are described by a system of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. Some generic heating/cooling function, which in turn depends on equilibrium thermodynamic parameters, may destroy adiabaticity of a flow and...
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Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Obtaining Limonene
PublikacjaThis review deals with the technologies of limonene production from waste tyre pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition is attractive for tackling the waste tyre disposal problem, as it enables both: energy to be recovered and limonene to be obtained. This material management recycling of tyres is environmentally more beneficial than the burning of all valuable products, including limonene. Given this recoverability of materials from waste...
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Evaluation of Medical Staff Satisfaction for Workplace Architecture in Temporary COVID-19 Hospital: A Case Study in Gdańsk, Poland
PublikacjaThis article analyses the architecture that was used in the temporary AmberExpo hospital in Gdańsk, Poland which was installed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The construction of this type of facility is often based on experimental approaches, aimed at caring for patients suffering from an infectious disease in emergency conditions. In order to assess the level of employee satisfaction with the architectural and technical elements...
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Minichannel and minigap classification criteria based on the aspect ratio of the minigeometry: A numerical study
PublikacjaA detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the diabatic flow distribution and velocity profile in 18 minigeometries with various aspect ratios for V-type and I-type flow configurations (for 36 cases) assuming ethanol as a working fluid. The aim of the study is to distinguish the value of the aspect ratio for which the flow in minigeometry starts to be two-dimensional (minigap). Cases with a constant Reynolds...
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Experimental investigation of thermal energy storage in shell-and-multi-tube unit with nano-enhanced phase change material
PublikacjaThis paper deals with thermal energy storage with use of nanoparticle enhanced phase change material in shell-and-multitube unit. The experiments are conducted under atmospheric pressure. Paraffin wax and two different fatty acids are used as base phase change material. Graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes serve as nanoparticles. Graphite nanoparticles are tested at the concentrations of 0.1%, 1% and 5% by weight, while multi-walled...
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Types of Markov Fields and Tilings
PublikacjaThe method of types is one of the most popular techniques in information theory and combinatorics. However, thus far the method has been mostly applied to one-dimensional Markov processes, and it has not been thoroughly studied for general Markov fields. Markov fields over a finite alphabet of size m ≥ 2 can be viewed as models for multi-dimensional systems with local interactions. The locality of these interactions is represented...
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Different types of solvability conditions for differential operators
PublikacjaSolvability conditions for linear differential equations are usually formulated in terms of orthogonality of the right-hand side to solutions of the homogeneous adjoint equation. However, if the corresponding operator does not satisfy the Fredholm property such solvability conditions may be not applicable. For this case, we obtain another type of solvability conditions, for ordinary differential equations on the real axis, and...
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EHD Flow Measured by 2D PIV in a Narrow Electrostatic Precipitator with Longitudinally-to-flow Wire Electrode
PublikacjaIn this paper, results of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow patterns in two narrow ESPs with longitudinally-to-flow wire electrode are presented. The influence of the ESP geometry on the EHD flow generated in the ESP was investigated. The results obtained from 2 dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) showed similarities and differences of the particle flow in the wire-plate and wire-cylinder type ESP.
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EHD Flow Measured by 2D PIV in a Narrow Electrostatic Precipitator with Longitudinal Wire Electrode
PublikacjaIn this paper, results of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow patterns in two narrow ESPs with longitudinally-to-flow wire electrode arepresented. The influence of the ESP geometry on the EHD flow generated in the ESP was investigated. The results obtained from 2-dimensional(2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) showed similarities and differences of the particle flow in the wire-plate and wire-cylinder type ESP.
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Application of method of differential magnetometric system for detection of sunken objects
PublikacjaThis paper presents a magnetometric system with scalar sensors mounted on two independent platforms, which is used to detect sunken shipwrecks. Increasing the distance between the sensors allows for more precise measurement of the difference in the magnetic induction module than in the case of sensors mounted e.g. on the aeroplane’s wings. This type of system makes it possible to enlarge detection range of the sunken wrecks.
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Selective jamming of OFDM transmission in NB-IoT radio interface
PublikacjaThe paper presents the concept of smart jamming, which involves selective interference aimed at critical components of the OFDM signal. Research verifying the feasibility of this type of electronic attack are described. A realized testbed for jamming real NB-IoT signals in a downlink is presented. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of realizing selective jamming and its greater effectiveness compared to barrage interference.
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High Frequency Conducted Emission in AC Motor Drives Fed By Frequency Converters: Sources and Propagation Paths
PublikacjaProvides a concise and thorough reference for designing electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives Electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives are being increasingly used in present-day automation applications. They are considered by many application engineers as one of the most interfering components, especially in a contemporarily faced industrial environment. This book fills...
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Kerogen to bitumen transformation with respect to host rock environment
PublikacjaResearch focuses on analyzing the role of rock constituents in kerogen transformation. It includes mineral and organic matter characterization, kerogen and bitumen isolation, quantification, and determination of the critical factors of transformation ratio concerning generating mobile versus less mobile hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the ratio mainly depends on the distribution and type of kerogen in the basin, and secondly...
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Sensorless Control of Induction Machine Supplied by Current Source Inverter
PublikacjaThe paper describes the voltage control technique of induction machines supplied by a current source inverter. The control system is based on proposed new multi-scalar variables, which are named “r.” The control system contains the output filter capacitor's model. In the sensorless control system the Z type backstepping speed observer was applied. The mathematical dependences are confirmed by simulation and experimental research.
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Efficient Complex Root Finding Algorithm for Microwave and Optical Propagation Problems
PublikacjaArticle relates to the use of innovative root finding algorithm (on a complex plane) to study propagation properties of microwave and optical waveguides. Problems of this type occur not only in the analysis of lossy structures, but also in the study of complex and leaky modes (radiation phenomena). The proposed algorithm is simple to implement and can be applied for functions with singularities and branch cuts in the complex plane...
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A concept of measurement system based on the Z-Wave standard
PublikacjaIn the paper a new concept of measurement system based on the Z-Wave standard is presented. This standard is dedicated to use mainly in home automation systems, but its properties enable to use it in dispersed measurement systems and support wireless communication between measurement nodes in a mesh-type network. In the paper basic metrological aspects of the Z-Wave standard and an example of impedance measurement system are discussed.
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Wear of Ultra-thin DLC or Tungsten-modified DLC Coatings under Reciprocating Sliding
PublikacjaIn the paper results are presented from tests in reciprocating sliding of self mated specimens of DLC and tungsten modified DLC coatings on stainless steel substrate. The contact geometry chosen for the research task was ball on flat. The contacts were lubricated either with distilled water or medical saline solution. Results are presented with regard to wear resistance as a function of material type and lubricant used.
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On a Method of Efficiency Increasing in Kaplan Turbine
PublikacjaThis paper presents a method of increasing efficiency in Kaplan-type turbine. The method is based on blade profile optimisation together with modelling the interaction between rotor and stator blades. Loss coefficient was chosen as the optimisation criterion, which is related directly to efficiency. Global optimum was found by means of Genetic Algorithms, and Artificial Neural Networks were utilised for approximations to reduce...
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Polyethylene glycol-coated solid-phase microextraction fibres for the extraction of polar analytes-A review
PublikacjaThe article discusses the merits and limitations of commercially available solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres and compares them with the new type of extraction coatings, in particular those containing polyethylene glycol as sorbent, as well as the methods of the preparation of the latter. It also analyses their possible application for the extraction of a broad spectrum of analytes, with particular emphasis on the sampling...
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Control of mass concentration of reagents by sound in a gas with nonequilibrium chemical reactions
PublikacjaThe weakly nonlinear dynamics of a chemically reacting gas is studied. Nonlinear interaction of acoustic and nonacoustic types of motion are considered. We decompose the base equations using the relationships of the gas-dynamic perturbations specific for every type of motion. The governing equation for the mass fraction of a reagent influenced by dominating sound is derived and discussed. The conclusions concern the equilibrium...
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New approach to noncausal identification of nonstationary stochastic systems subject to both smooth and abrupt parameter changes
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of finiteintervalparameter smoothing for a class of nonstationary linearstochastic systems subject to both smooth and abrupt parameterchanges. The proposed parallel estimation scheme combines theestimates yielded by several exponentially weighted basis functionalgorithms. The resulting smoother automatically adjustsits smoothing bandwidth to the type and rate of nonstationarityof the identified...
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Pressure Pulsations in Turbine Blade Seal
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of experimental investigations into pressure forces generated in a turbine labyrinth seal. The experiments were performed on a single-stage air model turbine of the impulse type. The performed experimental research proved that in a shroud clearance the pressure pulsates and the effects of the nozzle trailing edge thickness as well as the influence of the rotor blades are observed. The exemplary results...
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Analisys of the failure of fixator used in bone surgery
PublikacjaThe Gamma nail (fixator) made of stainless steel, which has broken in the body, was subjected to examination. The fixator was removed from the patient femur. The fracture occurred in the area of the nail hole after two months' stay in the organism. The research included chemical composition, hardness of the Gamma nail material and the observation and analysis of the type of fracture. The research showed the fatigue failure of the...
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Some new soliton solutions to the higher dimensional Burger–Huxley and Shallow water waves equation with couple of integration architectonic
PublikacjaIn this paper, we retrieve some traveling wave, periodic solutions, bell shaped, rational, kink and anti-kink type and Jacobi elliptic functions of Burger’s equation and Shallow water wave equation with the aid of various integration schemes like improved -expansion scheme and Jacobi elliptic function method respectively. We also present our solutions graphically in various dimensions.
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Dynamiczna aplikacja Internetowa ASP.NET silnika indukcyjnego jako elementu wirtualnego laboratorium maszyn elektrycznych
PublikacjaTematem referatu jest dynamiczna aplikacja internetowa, która umożliwia symulację obwodową silnika indukcyjnego trójfazowego Sg 100 L2 z wykorzystaniem interfejsu przeglądarki WWW. Model matematyczny silnika jest zdefiniowany w tzw. osiach naturalnych i sformułowany na podstawie metody energetycznej Lagrange’a. Do implementacji modelu maszyny w aplikacji internetowej wybrano projekt typu Web Forms, który jest składnikiem środowiska...
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Evaluation of the Influence of Farming Practices and Land Use on Groundwater Resources in a Coastal Multi-Aquifer System in Puck Region (Northern Poland)
PublikacjaThis study focuses on the modeling of groundwater flow and nitrate transport in a multi-aquifer hydrosystem in northern Poland, adjacent to Puck Bay (Baltic sea). The main goal was to investigate how changes in land use and farming practices may affect groundwater recharge and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the sea and the associated N-NO3 fluxes. An integrated modelling approach has been developed, which couples the...
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SrCe0.9In0.1O3-δ-based reversible symmetrical Protonic Ceramic Cell
PublikacjaIn-doped SrCe0.9In0.1O3-δ (SCI) perovskite-type oxide is utilized as the solid electrolyte, as well as a component, together with SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3-δ (SFM) compound, in the composite-type electrodes to construct symmetrical Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFC). With good mutual stability of SCI and SFM at high temperatures in water vapor-containing reducing and oxidizing conditions, as well as sufficient ionic conductivity with high...
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Reduction of noise and rolling resistance by horizontal grinding of asphalt pavements
PublikacjaGrinding of cement concrete pavements to reduce unevenness and noise is common since a long time. Grinding is then made with wheels equipped with diamond blades rotating in the vertical plane. This creates narrow vertical/longitudinal grooves in the pavement. It is not applied to asphalt pavements. In this paper an alternative type of grinding is studied. In this case plates with diamond heads rotate in the same plane as the pavement,...
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Bioelectronic nose: Current status and perspectives
PublikacjaA characteristic feature of human and animal organs of smell is the ability to identify hundreds of thousands of odours. It is accompanied by particular smell sensations, which are a basic source of information about odour mixture. The main structural elements of biological smell systems are the olfactory receptors. Small differences in a structure of odorous molecules (odorants) can lead to significant change of odour, which is...
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Superconductivity in CaBi2
PublikacjaSuperconductivity is observed with critical temperature Tc = 2.0 K in self-flux-grown single crystals of CaBi2. This material adopts the ZrSi2 structure type with lattice parameters a = 4.696(1) Å, b = 17.081(2) Å and c = 4.611(1) Å. The crystals of CaBi2 were studied by means of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements. The heat capacity jump at Tc is DC/gTc = 1.41, confirming bulk superconductivity;...
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Comparison of low-temperature cracks intensity on pavements with high modulus asphalt concrete and conventional asphalt concrete bases
PublikacjaHigh modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) base courses provide very good resistance to rutting and fatigue but they can increase the risk of low-temperature cracking as compared with conventional asphalt concrete (AC). The article presents the comparison of these two road materials in terms of low-temperature cracking. The statistical method based on the ordered logistic regression model was used. The analysis was based on results of...
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Application of chemometric techniques in studies of toxicity of selected commercially available products for infants and children
PublikacjaThe goal of the present study is to assess the impact of the experimental conditions for extraction procedures (time of extraction, thermal treatment and type of extraction media) as applied to several baby and infant products checked for their possible ecotoxicological response when tested by various ecotoxicity tests(Microtox®, Ostracodtoxkit F™and Xenoscreen YES/YAS™). The systems under consideration are multidimensional by...
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Influence of Selected Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Cracking Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures
PublikacjaWarm mix asphalt (WMA) has been widely accepted as a future asphalt paving technology. Besides clear advantages, there are still some concerns regarding durability and long-term performance of pavements made with this type of asphalt mixtures. One of the most important issues is low temperature behaviour of WMA because certain additives used for temperature reduction can aect bitumen properties. This paper presents the evaluation...
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A Proposed Machine Learning Model for Forecasting Impact of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on Buildings
PublikacjaTraffic-induced vibrations may cause various damages to buildings located near the road, including cracking of plaster, cracks in load-bearing elements or even collapse of the whole structure. Measurements of vibrations of real buildings are costly and laborious. Therefore the aim of the research is to propose the original numerical algorithm which allows us to predict, with high probability, the nega-tive dynamic impact of traffic-induced...
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RF Multi-Functional Input-Reflectionless Dispersive-Delay Structure With Sharp-Rejection Filtering Using Channelization Techniques
PublikacjaA class of RF multi-functional input-reflectionless dispersive-delay structure (DDS) with linear-type in-band groupdelay variation and sharp-rejection bandpass-filtering capability is reported. It exploits a two-branch-channelized/balanced-type circuit with similar low-order reflective DDS units inside its channels, which are connected through input/output 3-dB quadrature wideband couplers. The adopted DDS unit is based on a coupledresonator...
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Miniaturized Metal-Mountable U-shaped Inductive-Coupling-Fed UHF RFID Tag Antenna with Defected Microstrip Surface
PublikacjaThis study presents a novel miniature ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag for metallic objects. Its arrangement includes a U-shaped feeder, which is inductively coupled to two E-type connected patches. Size reduction is achieved by means of utilizing the U-shaped feeder, and introducing a defection in the connection between the two E-type patches. The defection in the connection area between the...
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Multivariate Assessment of Procedures for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Synthesis for Pesticides Determination in Environmental and Agricultural Samples
PublikacjaIn the case of quantitative and qualitative analysis of pesticides in environmental and food samples, it is required to perform a sample pre-treatment process. It allows to minimalize the impact of interferences on the final results, as well as increase the recovery rate. Nowadays, apart from routinely employed sample preparation techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) or solid-phase microextraction (SPME), the application...
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Thermal self-action effects for acoustic beams containing fronts in a Maxwell relaxing fluid
PublikacjaThis paper examines the thermal self-action of acoustic beams in a Maxwell relaxing fluid. This type of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid and behaves differently depending on a ratio of sound period and time of thermodynamic relaxation. The self-action which relates to sound beams containing shock fronts is also discussed. In addition, stationary and non-stationary types of self-action are considered.
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Comparison of Methods for Real and Imaginary Motion Classification from EEG Signals
PublikacjaA method for feature extraction and results of classification of EEG signals obtained from performed and imagined motion are presented. A set of 615 features was obtained to serve for the recognition of type and laterality of motion using 8 different classifications approaches. A comparison of achieved classifiers accuracy is presented in the paper, and then conclusions and discussion are provided. Among applied algorithms the...
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The effect of the motor filters on earth fault current waveform in circuits with variable speed drives
PublikacjaIn circuits with variable speed drives distorted earth fault current flows. Earth fault current distortion influences the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. This paper presents earth fault current distortion in circuits with variable speed drives when motor filter is used. Two types of motor filter are analyzed. For every type of filter the effect of earth fault current distortion on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated.
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The effect of the motor filters on earth fault current waveform in circuits with variable speed drives
PublikacjaIn circuits with variable speed drives distorted earth fault current flows. Earth fault current distortion influences the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. This paper presents earth fault current distortion in circuits with variable speed drives when motor filter is used. Two types of motor filter are analyzed. For every type of filter the effect of earth fault current distortion on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated.
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A Novel Speed Observer for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
PublikacjaThe purpose of this paper is to show a new state observer for doubly-fed generator. A proposed z-type observer algorithm based on mathematical model of doubly fed generator with additional variables treated as a disturbances has been used. A nonlinear multiscalar control method has been used to control active and reactive power of the generator. All analyses were verified by simulations and experiments tests.
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Novel proposal for V2X systems and WBAN cooperation to improve road safety
PublikacjaIn this paper, a novel proposal of the automotive Vehicle-to-Everything system solution is presented. In this proposal, there are included the Machine to Machine type communication system and the sensor system based on a short-range the Wireless Body Area Network communication. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the model for communication, especially its architecture and signals structure for the proposed solution. The use...
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Modeling of Composite Shells in 6-Parameter Nonlinear Theory with Drilling Degree of Freedom
PublikacjaWithin the framework of a 6-parameter nonlinear shell theory, with strain measures of Cosserat type, constitutive relations are proposed for thin elastic composite shells. The material law is expressed in terms of five engineering constants of classical anisotropic continuum plus an additional parameter accounting for drilling stiffness. The theory allows for unlimited displacements and rotations. A number of examples are presented...