Filtry
wszystkich: 847
wybranych: 692
-
Katalog
Filtry wybranego katalogu
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: PROTECTION
-
Performance of organic coatings upon cyclic mechanical load
PublikacjaA number of engineering structures fail due to the fatigue damage resulting from cyclic mechanical stress. However, as far as organic coatings are concerned this degradation factor remains underestimated. In the paper the authors propose a methodology combining global electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and local atomic force microscopy measurements for evaluation of coating resistance to an impact of repetitive mechanical stress. Typical...
-
The New Chinese Civil Code and its contribution to Sustainable Development
PublikacjaThe first civil code of the People’s Republic of China in the history was adopted by the 13th National People’s Congress in Beijing on 28 May 2020 and will enter into effect on 1 January 2021. The new civil code puts much more emphasis on the sustainable development and protection of the environment and because of that, the Chinese private law has begun to respond to ecological problems as well. The...
-
Providing Differentiated Levels of Service Availability in VANET Communications
PublikacjaInter-vehicle communications seems to be a promising remedy not only for a number of road-safety issues, but also to improve the efficiency of road traffic, as well as to support the on-board infotainment applications. However, it often encounters disruptions due to high mobility of vehicles causing frequent failures of communication links. In this paper, we utilize the idea of multipath vehicle-to-vehicle routing to provide protection...
-
Efficiency of service recovery in scale-free optical networks under multiple node failures
PublikacjaIn this paper we examine the properties of scale-free networks in case of simultaneous failures of two networknodes. Survivability assumptions are as follows: end-to-end path protection with two node-disjoint backup pathsfor each working path. We investigate three models of scale-free networks generation: IG, PFP and BA.Simulations were to measure the lengths of active and backup paths and the values of service recovery time.We...
-
Effect of soil on the capacity of viscous dampers between adjacent buildings
PublikacjaThis study investigated the seismic pounding of two adjacent buildings considering soil–structure interaction (SSI). A comprehensive parametric study of buildings with different heights was performed to reveal the pounding-involved behaviour considering the soil effect. Wavelet transform has been conducted to gain insight into the differences in the frequency contents of the impact forces between fixed- and flexible-base adjacent...
-
Hedging Strategies of Derivatives Instruments for Commodity Trading Entities
PublikacjaHedging as an outcome of risk management arises to account several questions. Mentioned aspect of size of the hedging is one of them. Latter questioning refers to whether producer of manufacturer are willing to secure entire exposure, when the hedging should start, now or later in the future, what is the vision on market like direction of market, time of interest, magnitude of exposure, what would be the preferred instruments of...
-
Influence of pitting corrosion on fatigue and corrosion fatigue of ship and offshore structures. Part II: Load - pit crack interaction
PublikacjaIn the paper has been discussed influence of stresses on general corrosion rate and corrosion pit nucleation and growth rate, whose presence has been questioned by some authors but accepted by most of them. Influence of pit walls roughness on fatigue life of a plate suffering pit corrosion and presence of so called "non damaging" pits which never lead to initiation of fatigue crack, has been presented. Possibility of prediction...
-
Stability analysis of a dike constructed of anthropogenic materials
PublikacjaNumerical analyses of stability are presented for a hypothetical dikes constructed of dredged materials and bottom ash, in varying proportions. The paper is related to the international research project DredgDikes, which focused on the use of anthropogenic materials in dikes construction and flood protection. The aim of this project was to investigate the possibility of using anthropogenic materials from rivers and sea dredging...
-
Ocena zasobów oraz weryfikacja granic obszaru ochronnego GZWP nr 133 Młotkowo za pomocą numerycznego modelu przepływu wód podziemnych
PublikacjaModel Głównego Zbiornika Wód Podziemnych powstał w celu dokonania oceny dostępnych zasobów wód oraz zweryfikowania granic strefy ochronnej. GZWP Młotkowo jest położony w południowej części Pojezierza Krajeńskiego. Ze względu na konieczność weryfikacji granic zbiornika wyznaczonych przez Kleczkowskiego i in. (1990) do badań modelowych przyjęto obszar cztery razy większy niż rozmiar GZWP. W celu osiągnięcia najbardziej wiarygodnych...
-
Investigation on domestic fruits seed oils in personal care emulsion systems
PublikacjaThe use of fruit seed oils in personal care products is of significance to both their function and image. Poland is an important processor of fruit products within the EU, and thus has a large availability of seeds from domestic fruits, which are normally considered to be a waste material. Unfortunately, current literature is scarce of the suitability of these oils for topical use in the form of cosmetic emulsions. Published data...
-
Wdrożenie nowych regulacji prawnych w ochronie powietrza atmosferycznego w Polsce
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono zmiany prawne wynikające z przystosowania dyrektyw 2008/50/WE i 2004/107/WE do prawodawstwa polskiego. Nowe regulacje odnoszące się do ochrony powietrza stanowią jedynie rozbudowanie i modyfikację istniejacych dotychczas przepisów. W ratykule podano istotne informacje wynikajace z decyzji Komisji Europejslkiej 2011/850/UE
-
Aminy w środowisku - niebezpieczeństwo czy jego naturalny element?
PublikacjaA lot of amines and their compounds are used in the industry. First of all they are used for the preparation of medicines, plant protection agents, fertilizers and plastics. Amines are also released into the environment as a result of natural biological processes such as the release of certain species of flowers to lure insects, and also biochemical breakdown of amino acids in the protein during decomposition of organic matter. Unfortunately,...
-
System information propagation for composite structures
PublikacjaWe study in details decoherence process of a spin register, coupled to a spin environment. We use recently developed methods of information transfer study in open quantum systems to analyze information flow between the register and its environment. We show that there are regimes when not only the register decoheres effectively to a classical bit string, but this bit string is redundantly encoded in the environment, making it available...
-
Landscape perception and the teaching of it in Poland
PublikacjaA preliminary assessment of the state of knowledge of landscape perception is contained in this article. A survey was carried out of students of architecture and urban planning during the rural design course in the academic year 2017/2018. The pilot project involved the initial establishment of categories of the countryside image. It was assumed that the results represented students’ knowledge of the landscape characteristics and...
-
Dc Leakage Current in Isolated Grid-Connected dc Nanogrid - Origins and Elimination Methods
PublikacjaThe LV dc system is a relatively new trend in the distribution sector, which seems to grow widely in the near future due to its promising advantages. In this context, LV dc protection and grounding are challenging issues. Although the galvanically isolated connection mode of dc nanogrid to the ac grid has high reliability, the leakage current can still be injected into the ac grid through the interwinding capacitors and the insulation...
-
Study of Soil Temperature and Moisture Changes in a Physical Model of an Underground Cable Line
PublikacjaThe ampacity of power cables is highly dependent on the thermal resistivity of the soil in which they are laid. The lower it is, the higher this ampacity. The thermal resistivity of the soil decreases as its moisture increases. Therefore, it is preferable that the soil around the cables has high moisture. Unfortunately, the heat generated in heavily loaded cables causes the migration of moisture from the surrounding soil, which...
-
Problematyka dotycząca zapewnienia fotostabilności substancji leczniczych w postaciach leku
PublikacjaUV and visible radiation may influence on the stability of some active pharmaceutical ingredients and in a consequence destabilizes such medicinal products, causes changesin its physicochemical properties also with negative pharmacological and sometimes even toxic effects. For this reason it is important to conduct the routine testing photostability. The knowledge of chemistry and technology as well as some methods of...
-
Knowledge-based functional safety and security management in hazardous industrial plants with emphasis on human factors
PublikacjaExisting and emerging new hazards have significant potential to impact destructively operation of technical systems, hazardous plants, and systems / networks of critical infrastructure. The programmable control and protection systems play nowadays an important role in reducing and controlling risk in the process of hazardous plant operation. It is outlined how to deal with security related hazards concerning such systems to be...
-
Oznaczanie śladowych ilości związków organicznych w próbkach o złożonych matrycach zgodne z regułami ''zielonej chemii analitycznej''. Krótkołańcuchowe kwasy karboksylowe = Increasingly green approaches to the determination of selected trace organic in complex matrices. Short chain carboxylic acids
PublikacjaNowadays the great stress is put on environment protection and the activities to minimize the effect of chemical analyses on the environment are discussed. When environmentally friendly methodologies of analytes determination are applied the term "green analytical chemistry" is used. In general, the determination of organic compounds in complex matrices, which is a frequent analytical task, requires separation of sample components...
-
Security aspects in functional safety analysis
PublikacjaA security level of distributed control and protection system may have a significant impact on the results of functional safety analysis. However, the issue of integrating the safety and security aspects is difficult and usually is neglected during the functional safety analysis. This article presents a method of functional safety analysis which takes into consideration a concept of integrating these two aspects. It is based on...
-
Methodological issues of functional safety and reliability assessment of critical systems in industrial hazardous plants
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some methodological issues that are of interest among functional safety specialists and experts after publication of the second edition of international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, including the design and implementing the safety-related functions of higher safety integrity levels and protection layers. The basic role of safety-related systems is to reduce effectively and...
-
Designing issues of the alarm system in context of functional safety and human factors
PublikacjaThis article addresses selected aspects of the alarm system and human factors that should be evaluated during the design and operation of an industrial hazardous installation. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often applied for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To reduce and control the risks the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
-
Coastal zone monitoring using Sentinel-1 SAR polarymetry data
PublikacjaIn recent years the role of the surveillance and security of Polish boundaries has significantly increased. Polish coastal zone monitoring requires various approaches using various technological means in order to ensure the protection of Polish boundaries. In this paper, the authors discuss and present alternatives to underwater surveillance methods of coastal area analysis and monitoring using data retrieved from the newly developed...
-
Advances in CSI-fed induction motor drives
PublikacjaThe application of current source inverters (CSI)in induction motor (IM) drives offers a number of advantages,including: voltage boosting capability, natural shoot-throughshort-circuit protection and generation of sinusoidal voltages.The exact generation of sinusoidal voltages is possible thanks tothanks to the effect of the output ac filter capacitors and mayimprove the accuracy of sensorless IM control. The eliminationof high...
-
Functional Safety Analysis including Human Factors
PublikacjaIn this paper selected aspects of human factors are discussed that should be taken into account during the design of safety-related functions for a complex hazardous installation and its protections. The layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is used for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To control the risk the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their safety integrity levels...
-
A fair distribution scheme for joint fingerprinting and decryption methods= Sprawiedliwy schemat dystrybucji dla metod łącznego osadzania odcisku palca oraz deszyfracji
PublikacjaThe paper addresses the fairness of the security provided by digital fingerprinting methods. It was noted that the digital fingerprinting techniques are designed primarily to protect service providers against the actions of malicious users, while honest users remain vulnerable to acts of malicious providers. The paper describes the customer's rights problem and the unbinding problem, which also apply to joint fingerprinting and...
-
Low temperature processed MnCo2O4 and MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 as effective protective coatings for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects at 750 °C
PublikacjaIn this study two materials, MnCo2O4 and MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 are studied as potential protective coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell interconnects working at 750 °C. First powder fabrication by a modified Pechini method is described followed by a description of the coating procedure. The protective action of the coating applied on Crofer 22 APU is evaluated by following the area specific resistance (ASR) of the scale/coating for 5500...
-
Hybrid use of the building as a method supporting epidemic safety
PublikacjaThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changing organisational and technical requirements in the operation of treatment facilities. This paper summarises the available knowledge on the principles of hybrid design of the architecture of treatment units to ensure that different levels of sanitary and hygienic safeguards can be implemented. The basis of this narrative overview is an analysis of the existing Polish legislation on required...
-
Influence of electropolymerization temperature on corrosion, morphological and electrical properties of PPy doped with salicylate on iron
PublikacjaIn this work, the influence of the electropolymerization temperature on corrosion, morphological and electrical properties of polypyrrole (PPy) film is studied. Polypyrrole is electrochemically synthesized on iron in the presence of sodium salicylate. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are performed in order to study the structure and morphology of electrodeposited PPy. The electroactive surface area, corrosion...
-
Low-frequency tripping characteristics of residual current devices
PublikacjaFast development of various types of converters makes their utilization in industry and in domestic installations very common. Due to converters, an earth fault current waveform in modern circuits can be distorted or its frequency can be different than 50/60 Hz. Frequency of earth fault (residual) current influences tripping of residual current devices which are widely used in low voltage systems. This paper presents the behaviour...
-
Adaptation of Architectural Heritage in the Era of Climate Change. Torpedo Platform in Babie Doły
PublikacjaThe paper provides original insight into the problem of adap¬tation of historical objects in the era of climate change. It conveys a message that in times of climate crisis, there is a need to go beyond an anthropocentric perspective, specifically, that architec¬ture should not only be designed for people, but should also provide a framework for nature. As well as shaping spaces for human beings, the architect is also responsible...
-
Side Effects of National Immunization Program: E-Governance Support Toward Elders' Digital Inclusion
PublikacjaIn response to the coronavirus pandemic, the European Union (EU) governments develop policies to regulate exclusive health protection actions that consider societal needs with the emphasis on elders. Given that the EU vaccination strategy uses a centralized ICT-based approach, there is little guidance on how seniors are included in national immunization programs (NIP). In this paper, we addressed a knowledge gap of the side effects...
-
Prime-Boost Vaccination with Toxoplasma Lysate Antigen, but Not with a Mixture of Recombinant Protein Antigens, Leads to Reduction of Brain Cyst Formation in BALB/c Mice
PublikacjaIntroduction Infection with the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a threat for immunocompro- mised patients and pregnant women and effective immune-prophylaxis is still lacking. Methods Here we tested a mixture of recombinant T . gondii antigens expressed in different develop- mental stages, i.e., SAG1, MAG1 and GRA7 (SMG), and a lysate derived from T . gondii tachyzoites (TLA) for prophylactic vaccination against cyst formation....
-
SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN RESERVOIRS IN URBAN BASIN
PublikacjaIn recent years Gdańsk had sustained economic and social losses due to severe flash floods coming down from moraine hills. The first flood occurred in July 2001 and the second in July 2016. Both events were caused by intense and long rainfall characterized by different from each other rain intensity in time. Among other Gdansk’s streams the Oliwski Stream has the most extended flood protection system consist of 15 small retention...
-
Bezpieczeństwo funkcjonalne i ochrona informacji w obiektach i systemach infrastruktury krytycznej - analiza i ocena
PublikacjaW niniejszym rozdziale monografii przedstawiono bardzo aktualną problematykę związaną z analizą bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego rozproszonych systemów sterowania i automatyki zabezpieczeniowej w obiektach infrastruktury krytycznej, wykorzystujących przemysłową sieć komputerową, z uwzględnieniem zagadnień ochrony informacji. W obiektach tego typu systemy sterowania i automatyki zabezpieczeniowej są projektowane jako systemy rozproszone,...
-
Effect of solar radiation on current-carrying capacity of PVC-insulated power cables – the numerical point of view
PublikacjaPower cables are usually buried in the soil, which results in their relatively high current-carrying capacity. However, there are cases in which the starting/final section of a cable line runs along a pole of an overhead power line. Power cables can be directly exposed to solar radiation then, and this negatively influences their current-carrying capacity as well as estimated life of the cables’ insulation. An analysis of thermal...
-
Nowe stanowiska, rozmieszczenie i ochrona buławnika czerwonego Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. (Orchidaceae) w Puszczy Augustowskiej (NE Polska)
PublikacjaCephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. is a species under strict protection, very rare in the Suwałki region. In recent years, two sites were discovered in the Wigry National Park. The article presents a description of new localities and the distribution of the red helleborine in the Augustów Primeval Forest.
-
Assessment of occupational risk in technical undertakings
PublikacjaSummary An undertaking - as a new and often single action - in its nature creates problems with predicting the realization of planned aims. Each undertaking bears some risk. Protection of a man who carries out an undertaking is even a more difficult task. The article offers a method of estimating potential risks connected with labour conditions on the basis of risk evaluation at the stage of undertaking planning.Streszczenie Realizacja...
-
RCDs Tripping in the Range from DC to AC 50 kHz for Slowly Rising Residual Current
PublikacjaThe wide use of power electronic converters means that in many low-voltage systems earth fault currents containing components from DC to AC of various frequencies have to be taken into account. Due to the tendency to increase the modulation frequency in converters, components of higher frequencies may be in the order of several tens of kilohertz. Therefore, it is very important to verify the behavior of devices for protection against...
-
Rural Landscape Planning for Sustainable Development. The Case of Poland
PublikacjaThis text results from theoretical study on the possibilities of rural landscape renovation in Poland. The introduction marks new spatial phenomena and the scope of their influence. It indicates social and cultural reasons of the changes, and states the need of their renewed interpretation. The second part of the article contains a description of the degrading cultural landscape of the country and presents its features. It then...
-
Computer-Aided Calculations of Earth Potential Rise in High Voltage Overhead Lines
PublikacjaHigh voltage overhead power lines with earth wires comprise towers made of conductive material. Some towers are in locations where people can be expected to be either for a long time or for a short time but very frequently. Evaluation of shock hazard near such towers requires calculation of line-to-earth short-circuit current, earth current and especially earth potential rise. Number of towers in high voltage power lines can exceed...
-
Method of managing drill cuttings from shale gas formations
PublikacjaProposed management method of drill cuttings involves recycling for the expanded clay production. A theoretical presentation of the possibility, choosing planning path based on similarity between the materials used in the manufacture of expanded clay and oily cuttings. Application for the main stages of manufacture of expanded clay production of drill cuttings from shale gas extraction. Introduced into circulation solid waste partly...
-
Problems in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher integriity levels
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some problems that have been encountered in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher safety integrity levels (SIL 3 and SIL 4) in the light of analyses outlined in a new version of the international standard IEC 61508:2010. Examples of such solutions are the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) and the safety instrumented systems...
-
Green Aspects of Miniaturized Sample Preparation Techniques
PublikacjaCorrect monitoring and control of the state of the environment and scientific research on the subject of environmental protection often require that determinations of compounds present at very low concentrations be made in samples characterized by a matrix of complex composition (e.g., biological samples, water and soil samples). Moreover, due to the limited number of analytical techniques which are sufficiently sensitive to conduct...
-
Portable Raman spectrometer - design rules and applications
PublikacjaRaman spectroscopy has become more popular due to its new prospective field applications in forensic sciences, war against terrorism, environment protection and other field chemical analysis. Raman spectrometers can be miniaturised to portable devices and their price is decreasing due to development of optoelectronics components. Unfortunately, this technology has still numerous limitations that influence their design and limit...
-
The process generation of WWTP models for optimization of activated sludge systems
PublikacjaThe objective of water and wastewater utilities, which are responsible for optimization of wastewater treatment plant operation, is threefold: environmental protection, saving money, and mitigation of pollutant emissions, both to water and air. The performed study aimed to assess the process generation of WWTP models that improve activated sludge systems operation, by means of new developed Mantis2 model. This model accounts for...
-
A survey of strategies for communication networks to protect against large-scale natural disasters
PublikacjaRecent natural disasters have revealed that emergency networks presently cannot disseminate the necessary disaster information, making it difficult to deploy and coordinate relief operations. These disasters have reinforced the knowledge that telecommunication networks constitute a critical infrastructure of our society, and the urgency in establishing protection mechanisms against disaster-based disruptions. Hence, it is important...
-
Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublikacjaMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
-
Risks caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks
PublikacjaMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) poses serious problems for the petrochemical and refinery industries. Particularly favourable conditions for MIC arise in storage tanks and transmission pipelines for mixtures of diesel oil with the addition of a biocomponent (in Poland 7%). The best conditions for the development of MIC occur at the fuel-water interface, where microorganisms are provided with a source of food and water,...
-
The landscape in the informal education of the youngest
PublikacjaThe European Landscape Convention, adopted in 2000, aims to promote the protection, management and planning of landscapes and to organise cooperation on landscape-related issues. Countries that ratified the Convention undertook to introduce activities that would promote public education on the subject. In Poland, the Ministry of Education has identified schools as the place to implement...