Filtry
wszystkich: 837
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: thermal effects of chemical processes
-
Microcrystalline Cellulose Management in the Production of Poly(ether-urethane)s- Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Characteristic
PublikacjaIn response to the demand of polymer industry for reducing the use of synthetic chemicals, eco-friendly materials are investigated. In the presented study, bio-based poly(ether-urethane)s were prepared by using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and polyether polyol and 1,3-propanediol derived from corn sugar. A step towards sustainability was taken by incorporating bio-based compounds and cellulose, consequently, bio-waste are utilized...
-
Mesophilic and thermophilic dark fermentation course analysis using sensor matrices and chromatographic techniques
PublikacjaProduction of biofuels from biomass is expected to benefit the society and the environment. At present, bio waste residues processing includes hydrolysis, dark fermentation, photofermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical synthesis. As the composition and the chemical structure of organic substances affect the efficiency of mentioned processes, it is believed that the glucose concentration is a crucial parameter for the...
-
Self-refraction of acoustic pulses with shock fronts in some nonequilibrium media
PublikacjaThe nonlinear self-refraction of acoustic pulsed beams, which include shock fronts, is studied. The medium of sound propagation is a gas where thermodynamically nonequilibrium processes take place, such as exothermic chemical reaction or excitation of vibrational degrees of a molecule’s freedom. Comparative analysis of the features of sound propagation over gases where pure nonlinear attenuation of the shock wave occurs, and gases...
-
Nanostructuring of thin Au films deposited on ordered Ti templates for applications in SERS
PublikacjaIn this work the results on thermal nanostructuring of the Au films on Ti templates as well as morphology and optical properties of the obtained structures are reported. The bimetal nanostructures are fabricated in a multi-step process. First, the titania nanotubes are produced on the surface of Ti foil by anodization in an ethylene glycol-water solution containing fluoride ions. This is followed by chemical etching in oxalic acid...
-
Novel cast polyetherurethanes based on dispersed polymeric polyols
PublikacjaOur study was focused on obtaining polyetherurethanes synthesized with using polymeric polyether based polyols differing in dispersed copolymer content (10, 20 and 40 wt%). The polyetherurethane materials were synthesized via two step method. The influence of different polymeric polyether based polyols on the chemical structure, morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of the obtained polyetherurethanes was investigated. The...
-
The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites
PublikacjaIn this work the use of polyurethane chemical recycling product (i.e. glycolysis of polyurethane waste realized with the mass excess of polymer) as a plasticizer for natural rubber-based composites was proposed. The effect of plasticizer type (napthenic oil and polyurethane foam glycolysate) and amount (2, 4, 6 or 8 parts per 100 parts of natural rubber) on the processing properties of rubber mixtures and chemical structure, swelling,...
-
Snow Cover Studies: a Review on the Intensity of Human Pressure
PublikacjaSnow cover should be treated as a highly dynamic medium. A variety of physical and chemical processes interact to alter its chemical composition and affect the metamorphism of its individual crystals and layers; this, in turn, has a direct influence on their mutual adhesion, and ultimately on the stability of the entire snow cover. The literature data here reported provide basic information on the forms of solid precipitation,...
-
BACTERIAL INACTIVATION VIA LASER-DRIVEN GOLD NANOPARTICLE HEATING: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
PublikacjaThis study utilizes CFD technique to simulate the inactivation of E. coli bacteria within a microfluidic chamber, employing gold nanoparticles irradiated by a laser beam. Employing a single-phase model, the presence of bacteria is considered by treating thermal properties in the governing equations as effective, combining those of water and bacteria using established correlations from scientific literature. The conversion of light...
-
Review of sewage sludge management: standards, regulations and analytical methods
PublikacjaThis article presents the most popular methods of sewage sludge management and associated unit operations and processes referring to them. The most popular methods are: Reclamation and adaptation of lands to specific needs; plant cultivation not intended for consumption or for production of food; usage in agriculture; usage in building; recovery of phosphorus, rare earth metals or fats and usage in industry; producing combustible...
-
Mater-Bi/Brewers’ Spent Grain Biocomposites—Novel Approach to Plant-Based Waste Filler Treatment by Highly Efficient Thermomechanical and Chemical Methods
PublikacjaThermoplastic starch (TPS) is a homogenous material prepared from native starch and water or other plasticizers subjected to mixing at a temperature exceeding starch gelatinization temperature. It shows major drawbacks like high moisture sensitivity, poor mechanical properties, and thermal stability. To overcome these drawbacks without significant cost increase, TPS could be blended with bio-based or biodegradable polymers and...
-
IR-THERMAL IMAGING IN CARDIOSURGERY
PublikacjaA method for monitoring the state of the myocardium during cardiosurgical interventions based on thermal IR imaging is presented. These methods called Static Thermography and Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) uses information about distribution of temperature on the surface and an external excitation source to induce thermal transient processes in a tested object. Recording time series of thermograms allows to calculate parametric...
-
A new diagnostic IR-thermal imaging method for evaluation of cardiosurgery procedures
PublikacjaTwo methods for monitoring the state of the myocardium during cardiosurgical interventions based on thermal IR imaging are presented below. These methods, called static thermography and active dynamic thermography (ADT), use information about the distribution of temperature on the surface, and an external excitation source to induce thermal transient processes in a tested object. Recording the time series of thermograms allows...
-
Effect of double thermal and electrochemical oxidation on titanium alloys for medical applications
PublikacjaThe research focuses on the development and characterization of innovative thin hybrid oxide coatings obtained in subsequent processes of thermal (TO) and electrochemical (EO) oxidation. Four different surface modifications were investigated and the microstructure was determined, the mechanical, chemical and biological properties of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray dispersion analysis,...
-
High-Temperature Oxidation of Heavy Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Microstructural and Electrochemical Performance Modification
PublikacjaIn this work, we reveal in detail the effects of high-temperature treatment in air at 600 °C on the microstructure as well as the physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The thermal treatment of freshly grown BDD electrodes was applied, resulting in permanent structural modifications of surface depending on the exposure time. High temperature affects material corrosion, inducing...
-
Structure-property relationships in peroxide-assisted blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
PublikacjaPoly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PCL/PHB) blends in two weight ratios (75/25 and 50/50) were reactively compatibilized in the presence of di-(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)-benzene and dicumyl peroxide as free radical initiators. Rheological, mechanical, thermal properties and morphological features, as well as the chemical structure of PCL/PHB blends were investigated. It was found that regardless of PCL/PHB blend...
-
Eco-friendly Route for Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Bio-based Hard Segments Composed of Bio-glycol and Mixtures of Aromatic–Aliphatic and Aliphatic–Aliphatic Diisocyanate
PublikacjaApplication of bio-based diisocyanates with low volatility instead petrochemical diisocyanates has positive impact on environment by reduction of hazardous effects on living organisms and lead to bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) with good usage properties. This work was focused on the synthesis and chosen properties examination of partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-PUs) obtained using diisocyanate mixtures,...
-
Novel Cast Polyurethanes Obtained by Using Reactive Phosphorus-Containing Polyol: Synthesis, Thermal Analysis and Combustion Behaviors
PublikacjaPhosphorus-containing polyol applications in polyurethane synthesis can prevent volatilization of flame retardants and their migration on the surface of a material. In this work, novel cast polyurethanes were prepared by a one-step method with the use of different amounts of phosphorus-containing polyol, 4,4′–diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. The chemical structure, thermal, physicochemical and mechanical properties...
-
A new diagnostic method for evaluation of cardiosurgery wound healing
PublikacjaOne of important and still unsolved problems in medicine is the question of objective and quantitative evaluation of post-surgery wound healing. The aim of this research is to analyse possibility and value of using the newly elaborated infrared imaging procedure – Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) – for quantitative description of wound healing processes in cardiosurgery. Both, classical thermal figures of merit as well as ADT...
-
Thermal degradation of polylactic acid (PLA)/polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) blends: A systematic review
PublikacjaPolylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) are two biopolyesters obtained from renewable resources like corn or sugar under bacterial fermentation. PLA is the most widely used biopolymer in diverse applications. Addition of PHB to PLA can improves the crystallinity of PLA, and thereby its mechanical strength. However, both PLA and PHB suffer from poor thermal stability, which limits their potential industrial application....
-
Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaThe nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and...
-
Heat transfer enhancement of modular thermal energy storage unit for reversible heat pump cooperation
PublikacjaThe following article presents experimental comparison research on a hexagonal shelland-tube latent thermal energy storage (TES). Such shape of a shell was deliberately chosen instead of a cylindrical one due to its high modularity and with intent for future applications in automobiles (EV and PHEV) air conditioning systems (HVAC). Two geometries of helical coils, acting as tubes, were studied in this article. One was a simple...
-
Investigation of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Synthesized via Two Different Prepolymers
PublikacjaThe man aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of polyols, mixture of prepolymers, and [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio used during the prepolymer chain extending step on the chemical structure, thermomechanical and mechanical properties, and thermal stability of thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s In this work thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s were synthesized by using polyols with a various molecular weight,...
-
On thermal stability of piezo-flexomagnetic microbeams considering different temperature distributions
PublikacjaBy relying on the Euler–Bernoulli beam model and energy variational formula, we indicate critical temperature causes in the buckling of piezo-flexomagnetic microscale beams. The corresponding size-dependent approach is underlying as a second strain gradient theory. Small deformations of elastic solids are assessed, and the mathematical discussion is linear. Regardless of the pyromagnetic effects, the thermal loading of the thermal...
-
Ocena wpływu dodatku oliwy z oliwek na degradację termiczną rafinowanego oleju rzepakowego
PublikacjaTłuszcze jadalne to ważny składnik diety człowieka. Mają one znaczący wpływ na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie ludzkiego organizmu. Podczas smażenia olej podlega przemianom chemicznym, dlatego spożywane tłuszcze powinny charakteryzować się jak największą stabilności oksydacyjnej. Celem prowadzonych badań było określenie jakości olejów rzepakowego, mieszanego oraz rafinowanej oliwy z oliwek, pochodzących z rynku krajowego. Podczas badań...
-
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes
PublikacjaLignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource that potentially contains large amounts of energy. It is an interesting alternative for fossil fuels, allowing the production of biofuels and other organic compounds. In this paper, a review devoted to the processing of lignocellulosic materials as substrates for fermentation processes is presented. The review focuses on physical, chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic,...
-
Recovery and re-use of photovoltaic solar cells from crystalline silicon
PublikacjaCrystalline silicon-type PV modules consist, in order of mass, of glass, an aluminium frame, an EVA coating, solar cells, a terminal box, back film and tapping screws. From the economic point of view, pure silicon, recoverable from spent cells, is the most important material owing to its cost and shortage. For crystalline, silicon-based PV cells, the following chemical treatments were performed: removal of the metal coating, followed...
-
Complementary Use of Multi-dimensional Gas Chromatography and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Rapeseed Oil Quality Indicators
PublikacjaThe change of concentration of various volatiles generated during frying may be an indicator of oil quality. Chemical compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxyl acids are the products of oxidation during thermal degradation of edible oils. Shown in this work is a complementary use of GC×GC-TOFMS and PTR-MS for the detection and determination of quality indicators of rapeseed oil. The former technique was used for...
-
Application of gas chromatography to evaluate the quality of rapeseed oil
PublikacjaTwo-dimensional gas chromatography is an analytical technique, which is increasingly being used in food research. Through the analysis of volatile fraction, it is possible to determine the quality of food products. One of the reasons for the deterioration of food is thermal degradation. Products that are often subject to degradation reactions due to temperatures are edible oils. In the thesis, the results of edible oils with different...
-
Assessment of cytotoxic and endocrine potential of selected xenobiotics commonly present in food products
PublikacjaMore and more increased intensity of anthropopressure processes can be observed, among other things, in the release of great quantities of synthetic substances into the environment, including the Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC). A vast number of chemical substances is considered to belong to the this group, including substances which occur naturally in the environment, such as mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, and substances...
-
Symulacje przepływu ciepła przez płytę betonową
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono symulacje numeryczne dojrzewania betonu w płycie górnej skrzynki czteroprzęsłowego mostu typu extradosed. Model matematyczny opisujący przepływ ciepła dedykowany jest do prognozowania dojrzałości i wytrzymałości twardniejącego betonu. Proponowany model zaimplementowano w autorskim programie numerycznym napisanym w środowisku Matlab. Podejście numeryczne zweryfikowano za pomocą danych doświadczalnych uzyskanych...
-
Structure, Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams
PublikacjaIn this work, rigid polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt%) of commercially available petrochemical polyol, with previously synthesized biopolyol based on crude glycerol and castor oil. Influence of the biopolyol content on morphology, chemical structure, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties, thermal stability and flammability was investigated. Incorporation of...
-
THE INFLUENCE OF WSR PARAMETER ON PET BOTTLE THICKNESS PROFILE IN SBM FROM PREFORM PROCESS
PublikacjaFrom a mechanical point of view, the thickness profile of PET bottles manufactured by ISBM process is determined by mechanical and thermal response of blown preforms. From the microscopic point of view the biggest influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of PET bottles have orientation and crystallization processes. From a technological point of view, the thickness profile of PET bottles after manufacture by SBM process...
-
UWARUNKOWANIA I SKUTKI ŻYWIOŁOWEJ SUBURBANIZACJI W POLSCE. CZY OPANOWANIE JEJ JEST MOŻLIWE?
PublikacjaArtykuł dotyczy procesu żywiołowej suburbanizcji (urban sprawl) w Polsce. Jego celami są: (1) analiza powiązań między negatywnymi skutkami tego procesu, (2) prezentacja negatywnych skutków dla transportu i zużycia energii oraz ładu przestrzennego, (3) analiza sposobów przeciwdziałania negatywnym procesom, w tym uwarunkowań (w szczególności ograniczeń) stosowania tych sposobów i ich skuteczności. Jako metody zastosowano: obserwację,...
-
Chemical denudation and the role of sulfide oxidation at Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard
PublikacjaThis study aims to determine the rate of chemical denudation and the relationships between dominant geochemical reactions operating in the proglacial and subglacial environments of the polythermal glacier Werenskioldbreen (SW Svalbard) during an entire ablation season. Water sampling for major ion chemistry was performed at a proglacial hydrometric station and from subglacial outflows from May to September 2011. These data were...
-
Standing Waves in a Rectangular Resonator Containing Acoustically Active Gases
PublikacjaThe distribution of perturbations of pressure and velocity in a rectangular resonator is considered. A resonator contains a gas where thermodynamic processes take place, such as exothermic chemical reaction or excitation of vibrational degrees of a molecule’s freedom. These processes make the gas acoustically active under some conditions. We conclude that the incident and reflected compounds of a sound beam do not interact in the...
-
Acyl Meldrum's acid derivatives: application in organic synthesis
PublikacjaThis review is focused on one of the most important classes of Meldrum's acid derivatives commonly known as acyl Meldrum's acids. The preparation methods of these compounds are considered including the recently proposed and rather rarely used ones. The chemical properties of acyl Meldrum's acids are described in detail, including thermal stability and reactions with various nucleiophiles. The possible mechanisms of these transformations...
-
Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern
PublikacjaThe application of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, plasticizers, endocrine disruptors, surfactants, flame retardants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) became an indispensable requirement of the current era. Although the CEC are useful for wide-spectrum purposes, they can also result in undesirable effects on human health and other animals....
-
Magnetosonic Excitation of the Entropy Perturbations in a Plasma with Thermal Conduction Depending on Temperature
PublikacjaNonlinear excitation of the entropy perturbations by magnetosonic waves in a uniform and infinite plasma model is considered. The wave vector of slow or fast mode forms an arbitrary angle (0 B B ) with the equilibrium straight magnetic field, and all perturbations are functions of the time and longitudinal coordinate. Thermal conduction is the only factor which destroys isentropicity of wave perturbations and causes the nonlinear...
-
Monitoring of concrete curing in extradosed bridge supported by numerical simulation
PublikacjaThe paper describes a mathematical model of concrete curing taking into account kinetics of setting reactions. The numerical model is implemented in the author’s program that was used to monitor thermal effects recorded in the concrete bottom plate of the extradosed bridge. Numerical approach was verified by experimental measurements and used for assessment of the current compressive strength due to degree of hydration of fresh...
-
Glass-ceramic joining of Fe22Cr porous alloy to Crofer22APU: interfacial issues and mechanical properties
PublikacjaThis work deals with the joining of porous Fe22Cr ferritic stainless steel to a dense Crofer22APU plate by using a silica-based, Ba-containing glass-ceramic. The chemical and interfacial stability and the mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated before and after thermal ageing at 700 ◦C for 500hrs. The sintering behaviour of the glass was assessed by using heating stage microscopy (HSM) to study the influence of a porous...
-
Thermal and physical properties of ZrO2–AlO(OH) nanopowders synthesised by microwave hydrothermal method
PublikacjaIndustrially relevant nanopowder was synthesised by microwave hydrothermal synthesis to obtain well-controlled composition (ZrO2–AlO(OH) system) which was found to determine a number of physical and thermal characteristics. This study reports variation of particle size, density, specific surface area (SSABET), as well as thermal behaviour of nanopowder mixtures of ZrO2–AlO(OH) in the whole range of compositions. It was found that...
-
Laboratory station for research of the innovative dry method of exhaust gas desulfurization for an engine powered with residual fuel
PublikacjaContemporary methods of exhaust gas desulfurization in marine engines are all expensive methods (4-5 million euro). This is, among other reasons, due to the limited market audience, but primarily due to the monop-olized position of manufacturers offering fabrication and assembly of this type of marine ship installations. Proposed as part of a research project financed by the Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Maritime...
-
Properties and applications of thermostable proteases sourced from Deinococcus geothermalis.
PublikacjaThe growing interest of extremophiles results from the fact that their enzymes arestable and active under harsh environment conditions. These type of biocatalysts are attractivedue to the fact that can be used in industrial processes that were previously regarded asincompatible with biological materials. Among extremozymes the largest group constitutethermozymes. Currently it is estimated that approximately 40% of enzymes used...
-
Kinetics study of the fully bio-based poly(propylene succinate) synthesis. Functional group approach
PublikacjaCurrently, the increasing importance of the bio-based chemical compounds development is visible in the polymer chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science. It is well-known that the various purity level and different contaminants characterize petrochemical-based compounds compared to their biobased counterparts. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the contaminants impact on the bio-based monomers synthesis. One of...
-
Nonlinear electrical properties of glass-ceramics nanocomposites containing ferroelectric nanocrystallites of Bi2VO5.5
PublikacjaNonlinear A.C. impedance measurements were conducted in the 50BiV-50SrBAlO nanocomposite as a function of frequency, temperature and A.C. voltage. This material is ferroelectric below temperature of 730 K, and above 730 K is a good ion-conductor. For this nanocomposite a low A.C. voltage of 1 V rms is enough to observe high nonlinearities. The origin of these nonlinear effects depends on the temperature and frequency. In the high...
-
Effect of sisal fiber filler on thermal properties of bio-based polyurethane composites
PublikacjaThis work is mainly focused on study of thermal and thermomechanical properties of obtained bio-based polyurethane (coded as bio-PU) composites via using different types of bio-components (bio-glycol, modified soybean oil and sisal fiber) in the procedure. The chemical structure, morphology and mechanical properties were also investigated and described in this manuscript in order to know more perfect characterization of produced...
-
Green thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s – synthesis, chemical structure and selected properties investigation
PublikacjaThis work aimed to characterize the effect of the monomers chemical structure on the selected properties of the green thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s. During synthesis two types of polyether biopolyols, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and bio-based 1,3-propanediol were employed. Materials were synthesized with the use of two step method and two different prepolymers, which were mixed together in equimolar quantities. Obtained...
-
Peptide modification with thiomalonoamide moiety
PublikacjaAbstract: Meldrum acid derivatives under the thermal decomposition are well known source of ketenes. Recently we investigated chemical properties of thiocarbamolyl meldrum acids. We found that 5-(α-alkylamino- α'-sulfhydryl)methylene Meldrum's acids hated in the presence of amines produce thiomalonamides. We used this reaction to the one pot synthesis of series of short peptides containing thiomalonoamide motif.
-
Degradation of xylose using a microbial fuel cell
PublikacjaIt is generally known, that many kind of microorganisms are capable of using carbohydrates as a source of carbon and energy in an environment. The biodegradation process of monosaccharides from pentoses (in this case- racemic mixture of D - and L – xylose) is an immense opportunity for an entire reduction of biological contamination to neutral compounds through MFC. The process is occurred in a single-chamber MFC, which is contained...
-
The Influence of Stretch Rod Speed on the Relationship between Preblown Bottle Aesthetic Quality and Final Blown Bottle Thickness Profile in Stretch Blow Molding from Preform Process
PublikacjaFrom a mechanical point of view, the aesthetic quality of preblown PET bottles and thickness profile of final blown PET bottles manufactured in ISBM process are determined by mechanical and thermal response of blown preforms. From the microscopic point of view the biggest influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of PET bottles have orientation and crystallization processes. From a technological point of view, the aesthetic...