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Behaviour of Asymmetric Structure with Base Isolation Made of Polymeric Bearings
PublikacjaEarthquake-induced ground motions are the most severe and unpredictable threats to the structures all around the world. Seismic excitations cause a lot of damage in a wide variety of ways, leaving thousands of casualties in their wake. Due to randomness of earthquake occurrence, lack of visible causes and their power of destructiveness, structural engineers need to develop new technical solutions and protection systems against...
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Forecasting of railway track tamping based on settlement of sleepers using fuzzy logic
PublikacjaThe sleepers in a railway track transfer vertical, transverse and longitudinal loads to the track ballast and subgrade. The sleepers allow for keeping the distance between the rails constant. The thickness of ballast should be between 16 and 35 cm depending on the design standard of the track, and it should be densified where the ballast supports the sleeper. The exploitation causes contamination of the ballast, crushing the material...
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Trolleybus with traction batteries for autonomous running
PublikacjaIn 2009 the transport company of city Gdynia (Poland) introduced in the operation trolleybuses fitted with traction batteries. This solution was designed for emergency situations, such as: damage of overhead lines or power loss. Transport company also considering the use of batteries in regular use. The article presents the operational experiences gained during the current operation. Furthermore, there are presented new trends...
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ENERGY SAVINGS BY APPLICATION OF SUPERCAPACITOR STORAGE IN TROLLEYBUS SUPPLYING STATION – ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
PublikacjaIn 2011–2013, stationary supercapacitor storage developed by the Electrotechnical Institute in Warsaw was put into trial operation in the trolleybus substation “Północna” (North) located in Gdynia. The article presents the results recorded during supercapacitor storage operation and discusses the impact of the storage on energy consumption savings. Guidelines for selecting a location for stationary supercapacitor storage...
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Trolleybuses with traction batteries for autonomous running
PublikacjaIn 2009 the transport company of city Gdynia (Poland) introducet in the operation trolleybuses fitted with traction batteries. This solution was designed for emergency situations, such as: damage of overhead lines or power loss. Transport company also considering the use of batteries in regular use. The article presents the operational experiences gained during the current operation. Furthermore, there are presented new trends...
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Genetic Programming for Workload Balancing in the Comcute Grid System
PublikacjaA genetic programming paradigm is implemented for reliability optimization in the Comcute grid system design. Chromosomes are generated as the program functions and then genetic operators are applied for finding Pareto-suboptimal task assignment and scheduling. Results are compared with outcomes obtained by an adaptive evolutionary algorithm.
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Thermal and solutal performance of Cu/CuO nanoparticles on a non-linear radially stretching surface with heat source/sink and varying chemical reaction effects
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Morphological and physico-biochemical characterization of various tomato cultivars in a simplified soilless media
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Serial control of CNC machines
PublikacjaIn this paper a new method of the serial control of CNC machines is proposed. Actuators are controlled locally and the role of the central computer is limited to sending commands to the controller instead of sending it directly to actuators. It has been achieved with the use of the serial protocol with the use of the USB port. The taken approach leads to more reliable operation because commands are buffered and no synchronization...
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Estimation of Stresses in a Dry Sand Layer Tested on Shaking Table
PublikacjaTheoretical analysis of shaking table experiments, simulating earthquake response of a dry sand layer, is presented. The aim of such experiments is to study seismic-induced compaction of soil and resulting settlements. In order to determine the soil compaction, the cyclic stresses and strains should be calculated first. These stresses are caused by the cyclic horizontal acceleration at the base of soil layer, so it is important...
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Porównanie działania transformatora symetryzującego (zygzak) z aktywnym energoelektronicznym symetryzatorem prądów fazowych linii niskiego napięcia
PublikacjaNa potrzeby planowania sieci niskiego napięcia operatorzy systemów dystrybucyjnych (OSD) zakładają symetryczne warunki obciążenia linii. Z roku na rok, rośnie liczba rozproszonych systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) zainstalowanych w sieciach niskiego napięcia, których większość to małe jednofazowe systemy dachowe. Dodatkowo, do niesymetrii obciążenia przyczyniają się instalowane masowo pompy ciepła i ładowane jednofazowo samochody...
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Diagnostyka eksploatacyjna okrętowych silników spalinowych - tłokowych i turbinowych
PublikacjaW monografii przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia diagnostyki technicznej silników spalinowych dużej mocy, zarówno tłokowych, jak i turbinowych, ukierunkowane na eksploatację okrętowych (i nie tylko) systemów energetycznych, w których występują tego typu silniki. W początkowej części opracowania zaproponowano koncepcję systemowego ujęcia diagnostyki eksploatacyjnej silników okrętowych w aspekcie obowiązujących standardów światowych...
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Modele mentalne przedsiębiorczości: wskaźniki efektuacyjne vs. kauzalne
PublikacjaGłównym celem artykułu było stworzenie listy wskaźników diagnozujących model mentalny przedsiębiorczości. Zaprezentowano dwa podejścia do przedsiębiorczości: klasyczne podejście kauzalne, w którym przedsiębiorca koncentruje się na osiągnięciu celu wyznaczonego na samym początku oraz podejście efektuacyjne, w którym identyfikowaniu dostępnych zasobów i relacji towarzyszy poszukiwanie możliwości biznesowych i zmienność celów. Analiza...
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Metal dusting phenomena of 501 AISI furnace tubes in refinery fractional distillation unit
PublikacjaThe purpose of this investigation was to conduct the failure analysis of 501 AISI furnace tubes places before distillation column in fractional distillation unit. The investigated furnace tubes were planned to work for ten years however after just two years of exploitation <30% of the material left. The observed corrosion process had the intense and complex character. The well-adhered shiny black deposits and deep, round pits were...
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Multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers for U-tube steam generator in nuclear power plant
PublikacjaIn the paper, analysis of multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers for steam generator of pressurized water reactor (PWR) working in wide range of thermal power changes is presented. The U-tube steam generator has a nonlinear dynamics depending on thermal power transferred from coolant of the primary loop of the PWR plant. Control of water level in the steam generator conducted by a traditional PID controller...
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Zdecentralizowany model rynku regulacyjnych usług systemowych
PublikacjaW artykule zaprezentowano model pozyskania regulacyjnych usług systemowych w sposób zdecentralizowany. Przedstawiono koncepcje funkcjonowania lokalnych rynków usług systemowych. Zaproponowano wykorzystanie zdolności odbiorców, źródeł rozproszonych i operatorów systemów lokalnych do dostawy usług. Omówiono rolę Operatorów Systemów Dystrybucyjnych oraz firm obrotu energią jako pośredników w pozyskaniu usług regulacyjnych od podmiotów...
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On ''cheap smoothing'' opportunities in identification of time-varying systems
PublikacjaIn certain applications of nonstationary system identification the model-based decisions can be postponed, i.e. executed with a delay. This allows one to incorporate into the identification process not only the currently available information, but also a number of ''future'' data points. The resulting estimation schemes, which involve smoothing, are not causal. Despite the possible performance improvements, the existing smoothing...
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Generalized adaptive comb filters/smoothers and their application to the identification of quasi-periodically varying systems and signals
PublikacjaThe problem of both causal and noncausal identification of linear stochastic systems with quasiharmonically varying parameters is considered. The quasi-harmonic description allows one to model nonsinusoidal quasi-periodic parameter changes. The proposed identification algorithms are called generalized adaptive comb filters/smoothers because in the special signal case they reduce down to adaptive comb algorithms used to enhance...
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Hałaśliwość silników asynchronicznych – podstawy nowych hipotez
PublikacjaArtykuł zawiera nowe spojrzenie na hałas emitowany przez silniki asynchroniczne. Poprzez wykonane badania akustyczne z analizami widmowymi określono związki przyczynowo-skutkowe powstawania drgań i hałasu przy zasilaniu sieciowymch i przekształtnikowym. Na podstawie wyznaczonych charakterystyk kierunkowych ciśnienia akustycznego silników sformułowano hipotezę, że rola tarcz łożyskowych w emitowaniu hałasu przez silnik może być...
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Diagnostic Model of Crankshaft Seals
PublikacjaT he paper presents a research stand being a diagnostic model of radial lip seals used, among others, on crankshafts of piston combustion engines in order to identify the correctness of their operation. The possibility of determining the technical condition of lip seals on the basis of the proposed coefficient of correctness of operation has been described. T he basic features of seals influencing their correctness of...
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TRAFFIC MODEL OF A MULTIDOMAIN IMS/NGN
PublikacjaIn this paper we continue our research and present an analytical traffic model of a multidomain Next Generation Network (NGN), which is standardized for delivering multimedia services based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). The model takes into account several service scenarios (including registration, intra- and inter-operator calls) and a large set of network parameters. Using the model mean Call Set-up Delay and mean Call...
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Smooth Orthogonal Projections on Riemannian Manifold
PublikacjaWe construct a decomposition of the identity operator on a Riemannian manifold M as a sum of smooth orthogonal projections subordinate to an open cover of M. This extends a decomposition on the real line by smooth orthogonal projection due to Coifman and Meyer (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, S´er. I Math., 312(3), 259–261 1991) and Auscher, Weiss, Wickerhauser (1992), and a similar decomposition when M is the sphere by Bownik and Dziedziul (Const....
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Artificial Neural Network in Forecasting the Churn Phenomena Among Costumers of IT and Power Supply Services
PublikacjaThis paper presents an attempt to use an artificial neural network to investigate the churn phenomenon among the customers of a telecommunications operator. An attempt was made to create a data model based on the customer lifetime value (CLV) rather than on activity alone. A multilayered artificial neural network was used for the experiments. The results yielded a 99% successful identification rate for customers in no danger of...
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Assessing the Risk in Urban Public Transport for Epidemiologic Factors
PublikacjaPandemics have presented new challenges for public transport organisers and operators. New diseases (e.g., influenza H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome—SARS, as well as, more recently, SARS-CoV-2) increase the need for new protection measures to prevent epidemic outbreaks in public transport infrastructure. The authors’ goal is to present a set of actions in the area of public transport that are adjusted to different levels...
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On a comparison principle and the uniqueness of spectral flow
PublikacjaThe spectral flow is a well-known quantity in spectral theory that measures the variation of spectra about 0 along paths of selfadjoint Fredholm operators. The aim of this work is twofold. Firstly, we consider homotopy invariance properties of the spectral flow and establish a simple formula which comprises its classical homotopy invariance and yields a comparison theorem for the spectral flow under compact perturbations. We apply...
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Creating Dynamic Maps of Noise Threat Using PL-Grid Infrastructure
PublikacjaThe paper presents functionality and operation results of a system for creating dynamic maps of acoustic noise employing the PL-Grid infrastructure extended with a distributed sensor network. The work presented provides a demonstration of the services being prepared within the PLGrid Plus project for measuring, modeling and rendering data related to noise level distribution in city agglomerations. Specific computational environments,...
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Mechanics of mesh implanted into abdominal wall under repetitive load. Experimental and numerical study
PublikacjaThere are a number of papers discussing medical and mechanical aspects of ventral hernia management. Despite intensive work on the problem understanding, recurrences of the sickness still happen too often. For that reason new aspects of the problem must be considered. In this paper, a change in the abdominal implant’s stiffness is discussed, which is caused by cyclic loading. Such loading influence abdominal implant e.g. while...
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An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Water Hammer Phenomenon in Slurries
PublikacjaThe analysis of slurry transportation in pressure pipelines is important both from practical and theoretical point of view. Due to the nature of the medium, the number of problems arising in the course of design, operation, measurements and mathematical modeling is much higher compared to the cases where the flowing liquid is homogeneous. The equations describing the flow are more complex, and higher number of the parameters is...
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Why are trees still such a major hazard to drivers in Poland?
PublikacjaRoadside trees are one of Poland's most serious road safety issues. Since 2009 more than 2800 people have been killed as a result of tree collisions; this represents about 15% of all of Poland's accident fatalities between 2009 and 2013. In some of the country's regions striking a tree caused more than 30% of all road accident fatalities. With no proper regulations, guidelines or examples of good practice, roadside environments...
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Occurrence of Surface Active Agents in the Environment
PublikacjaDue to the specific structure of surfactants molecules they are applied in different areas of human activity (industry, household). After using and discharging from wastewater treatment plants as effluent stream, surface active agents (SAAs) are emitted to various elements of the environment (atmosphere, waters, and solid phases), where they can undergo numerous physic-chemical processes (e.g., sorption, degradation) and freely...
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ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MINERAL OIL WITH ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE LUBRICANTS IN A STERN TUBE BEARING: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEARING PERFORMANCE
PublikacjaT his study compares the performance of a plain bearing, with a similar structure to a tail shaft stern bearing, lubricated with either mineral oil or an environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL). The main characteristic of the bearing is its length/diameter ratio of <1. Measurements are carried out with the bearing operating under loads from 0.5 to 1 MPa and seven speeds ranging from 1 to 11 rev/s. The bearing lubricated...
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Problems of Connecting Wind Farms to the Power System with HV Cables
PublikacjaThis paper presents problems caused by connecting wind farms to a power system with high voltage cables. The author highlights possible problems with reactive power compensation, depending on the arrangement of the shunt reactor connection and settings of control systems for reactive power and voltage of the wind farm. The paper also discusses issues of increasing active power losses caused by a shunt reactor installation.
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Selektywne chłodzenie mózgu noworodka po niedotlenieniu okołoporodowym. Cześć 2. Koncepcja hybrydowego systemu selektywnego chłodzenia mózgu noworodka
PublikacjaMózg ludzki jest organem delikatnym, dlatego tak ważne jest zadbanie o to, aby już w momencie przyjścia na świat noworodek miał zapewnioną, w razie konieczności możliwość minimalizacji uszkodzeń neurologicznych, spowodowanych niedotlenieniem okołoporodowym. Niedotlenienie to w dramatyczny sposób zaburza homeostazę mózgu, który jako organ najbardziej energochłonny potrzebuje najwięcej tlenu. Zapoczątkowane brakiem tlenu procesy...
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Core loss resistance impact on sensorless speed control of an induction motor using hybrid adaptive sliding mode observer
PublikacjaInduction motors (IMs) experience power losses when a portion of the input power is converted to heat instead of driving the load. The combined effect of copper losses, core losses, and mechanical losses results in IM power losses. Unfortunately, the core losses in the motor, which have a considerable impact on its energy efficiency, are not taken into account by the generally employed dynamic model in the majority of the studies. Due...
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Modular Approach for Modelling Warming Up Process in Water Installations with Flow-Regulating Elements
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new method for modelling the warming up process of a water system with elements regulating the flow in a stochastic manner. The paper presents the basic equations describing the work of typical elements which the water installation is composed of. In the proposed method, a new computational algorithm was used in the form of an iterative procedure enabling the use of boundary conditions that can be stochastically...
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Problemy określania położenia geograficznego węzłów sieci IP
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono problemy lokalizacji geograficznej węzłów w sieci Internet. Zaproponowano metodologię określania topologii opartą o protokoły ICMP (ping i tracert), serwis WHOIS i DNS. Opracowaną metodologię zastosowano do określenia topologii wybranych sieci operatorów działających na terenie Polski. Przedstawiono wnioski wynikające z przeprowadzonych badań. Wskazano na ograniczenia wynikające ze struktury sieci szkieletowych...
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Detailed experimental investigations on frictional pressure drop of R134a during flow boiling in 5 mm diameter channel: The influence of acceleration pressure drop component =Études expérimentales détaillées sur la chute de pression frictionnelle du R134a lors de l'ébullition en écoulement dans un canal de 5 mm de diamètre : influence de la composante d'accélération de la chute de pression
PublikacjaThis article presents detailed two-phase diabatic pressure drop data for refrigerant R134a at a saturation pressure of 5.5 bar corresponding to the saturation temperature of 19.4 °C. Study cases have been set for a mass flux varying from 100 to 500 kg m−2 s−1. The obtained data are used as a validation of the void fraction literature models, a set of graphs shows comparisons, for a representative set of experimental conditions,...
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Application of ionic liquids in electronic nose instruments
PublikacjaAmong many applications in different fields of science and technology the ionic liquids (ILs) are also utilised in chemical sensors yielding improvement of their operation parameters (Buzzeo, 2004; Wei and Ivaska, 2008; Silvester, 2011; Gebicki et al., 2013). Some of these chemical sensors are the components of the devices, which resemble human sense of smell as far as their operation is concerned. These devices are named electronic...
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The process generation of WWTP models for optimization of activated sludge systems
PublikacjaThe objective of water and wastewater utilities, which are responsible for optimization of wastewater treatment plant operation, is threefold: environmental protection, saving money, and mitigation of pollutant emissions, both to water and air. The performed study aimed to assess the process generation of WWTP models that improve activated sludge systems operation, by means of new developed Mantis2 model. This model accounts for...
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Seabed Topography Changes in the Sopot Pier Zone in 2010–2018 Influenced by Tombolo Phenomenon
PublikacjaBathymetric surveys of the same body of water, performed at regular intervals, apart from updating the geospatial information used to create paper and electronic maps, allow for several additional analyses, including an evaluation of geomorphological changes occurring in the coastal zone. This research is particularly important in places where the shape of the coastal zone has been violently disturbed, including by human activity....
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Biomarkers of alcohol consumption in body fluids - possibilities and limitations of application in toxicological analysis
PublikacjaEthyl alcohol is the most popular legal drug, but its excessive consumption causes social problems. Despite many public campaigns against alcohol use, car accidents, instances of aggressive behaviour, sexual assaults and deterioration in labor productivity caused by inebriated people is still commonplace. Fast and easy diagnosis of alcohol consumption is required in order to introduce proper and effective therapy, and is crucial...
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Natural deep eutectic solvent based ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction method for methyl violet dye determination in contaminated river water
PublikacjaSimple and green natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (UA-LLME) method was developed for extraction and determination of methyl violet dye in contaminated river water samples using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Choline chloride - decanoic acid based natural deep eutectic solvent was used for extraction. Important analytical parameters like pH, deep eutectic solvent volume/phase...
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5G/6G optical fronthaul modeling: cost and energy consumption assessment
PublikacjaIn fifth generation (5G) and the future beyond 5G (6G) radio access networks (RANs), the cost of fronthaul deployment is a main challenge for mobile network operators. Depending on different constraints, there are various solutions to deploy an efficient fronthaul. Fiber-optic-based fronthaul offers long-term support with regard to a rapid increase in capacity demands. When fiber connections, either point-to-point (P2P) or point-to-multipoint...
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Modelling of Different Aeration Modes Influencing Processes in SBR Bioreactor
PublikacjaCurrently, computer modelling together with the simulation tools tailored for that purpose constitute a very important element in planning technological changes within wastewater treatment plant. From the point of view of the WWTP operator every modification should be introduced in order to improve the quality of treated sewage with the lowest financial outlays. These requirements can be met by using computer programmes to effectuate...
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Explicit and implicit difefrence methods for quasilinear first order partial functional differential equations.
PublikacjaInitial boundary value problems of the Dirichlet type for quasilinear functional differential equations are considered. Explicit difference schemes of the Euler type and implicit difference methods are investigated. Suffcient conditions for the convergence of approximate solutions are given and comparisons of the methods are presented. It is proved that assumptions on the regularity of given functions are the same for both classes...
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Note on the variance of the sum of gaussian functonals
PublikacjaDowodzi się oszacowania wariancji sum funkcjonałów losowych, konstruowanych dla zależnego ciągu gaussowskiego.Let (Xi; i = 1; 2; : : :) be a Gaussian sequence with Xi 2 N(0; 1) for each i and suppose its correlation matrix R = (ij)i;j1 is the matrix of some linear operator R : l2 ! l2. Then for fi 2 L 2(), i = 1; 2; : : : ; where is the standard normal distribution, we estimate the variation of the sum of the Gaussian functionals...
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Direct estimation of linear and nonlinear functionals of quantum state
PublikacjaWe present a simple quantum network, based on the controlled-SWAP gate, that can extract certain properties of quantum states without recourse to quantum tomography. It can be used as a basic building block for direct quantum estimations of both linear and nonlinear functionals of any density operator. The network has many potential applications ranging from purity tests and eigenvalue estimations to direct characterization of...
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Dirichlet-to-Neumann and Neumann-to-Dirichlet embedding methods for bound states of the Schrodinger equation.
PublikacjaPrzeformułowano metodę Inglesfielda, stosowaną do obliczania własności stanów związanych równania Schrodingera, stosując formalizm operatorów całkowych Dirichleta-do-Neumanna(DtN) i Neumanna-do-Dirichleta (NtD). Wykorzystano zasady wariacyjne dla energii dopuszczające użycie funkcji próbnych nieciągłych wraz z pochodnymi. Podano metodę konstrukcji jąder operatorów DtN i NtD za pomocą rozwiązań zagadnienia własnego typu Steklova....