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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: CAR TRRE
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Between Descriptive Geometry and CAD 3D
PublikacjaDescriptive geometry provides methods to analyse three-dimensional space through two-dimensional drawings and prepares to create technical documentation. Geometric form of an engineering project is presented by the means of projection methods based on a 3D model, which is present in designer’s imagination. The forthcoming era of Building Information Modelling (BIM) brings changes in the way the engineer works, as the vision is...
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Simulation and identification of damage in bar structures.
PublikacjaPraca zawiera opis i testy 3 procedur badawczych dotyczących lokalizacjizniszczeń w konstrukcjach. Procedury bazują na danych modalnych jakie obiektgeneruje podczas swoich drgań tzn. częstościach własnych i postaciach drgań Badane są zmiany podatności układu, zmiany krzywizn postaci drgań i wrażli-wość częstości na założone zniszczenia. Odpowiednie procedury wiążące się ztymi trzema metodami są przestestowane na przykładzie wspornika...
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Determination of CWR track's durability characteristics
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wyznaczaniem sił osiowych w szynie kolejowej z zastosowaniem metody wymuszonych przemieszczeń poprzecznych. Badania przeprowadzone na stacjonarnym stanowisku badawczym wykazały, że siłę podłużną w szynie można znacznie dokładniej określić na podstawie zmiany nie pionowej, lecz poziomej siły poprzecznej. Pozwoliło to właściwie ukierunkować prace nad określaniem sił osiowych w szynach toru...
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Metal dusting in Platforming CCR furnaces
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono charakterystykę zjawiska spylania metalu w stali chromowo-molibdenowej 9Cr-1Mo eksploatowanej w piecach instalacji Platformingu CCR w środowisku odsiarczonej benzyny cięzkiej i gazu wodorowego o temperaturze 500C, przy temperaturze metalu 600C.
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Directivity of tire/road noise emission for selected tires and pavements
PublikacjaPraca pośwoęcona jest kierunkowości emisji hałasu opon i nawierzchni drogowych. Opony są dominującym źródłem haasu w pojaździe poruszającym się w typowych warunkach ruchu drogowego. Hałas ten nie jest bezkierunkowy jak to przyjmuje się w modelach obliczeniowych hałasu. Takie założenia wynikają z ograniczonej dostępności danych dotyczących kierunkowości i mogą prowadzić do niedokładności przy prognozowaniu hałasu drogowego. Praca...
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Liquid crystal thermography and true-colour digital image processing
PublikacjaW ostatnich latach termografia ciekłokrystaliczna i komputerowa analiza kolorowych obrazów jest z powodzeniem stosowana w technikach nieinwazyjnych, badaniach i aplikacjach przemysłowych i medycznych. W artykule przedstawiono historię tej techniki, opisano główne metody i narzędzia oraz pokazano szereg przykładów zastosowania.
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Characteristics of tyre chips-sand mixtures from triaxial tests
PublikacjaAnaliza parametrów wytrzymałościowych i odkształcalności mieszanek piasku i kawałków zużytych opon. Powtórne użycie tego materiału, odpowiednio przetworzonego na skrawki i elementy o kształcie kołowym pozwala po odpowiednim zmieszaniu z gruntem niespoistym na uzyskanie materiału o zwiększonej wytrzymałości na ścinanie zachowywanej również przy dużych odkształceniach. Analizowano mieszanki o różnej zawartości opon przy naprężeniach...
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Evaluation of recycled tyre steel fibres adhesion to cement matrix
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Temperature influence on tire/road noise evaluated by the drum method
PublikacjaAmbient air and road surface temperatures substantially affect the road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tire/road noise depends mainly on tire-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tires. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Laboratory experiment was prepared to...
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The effect of tire aging on acoustic performance of CPX reference tires
PublikacjaReduction of tire/road noise is one of the biggest environmental challenges of road traffic. To reduce that noise it is necessary to perform acoustic measurements on the base of wellproven standard procedures. One method of measurements that is in common use, namely the Close Proximity Method (CPX), is described in standard ISO-DIS 11819-2. As this method is used to classify road surfaces regarding their influence on vehicle noise,...
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An upper bound for the double outer-independent domination number of a tree
PublikacjaA vertex of a graph is said to dominate itself and all of its neighbors. A double outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G is dominated by at least two vertices of D, and the set V(G)\D is independent. The double outer-independent domination number of a graph G, denoted by γ_d^{oi}(G), is the minimum cardinality of a double outer-independent dominating set of G. We prove...
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An algorithm for listing all minimal double dominating sets of a tree
PublikacjaWe provide an algorithm for listing all minimal double dominating sets of a tree of order $n$ in time $\mathcal{O}(1.3248^n)$. This implies that every tree has at most $1.3248^n$ minimal double dominating sets. We also show that this bound is tight.
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Reclaiming ground tire rubber at low temperatures: benefits and limitations
PublikacjaLower extrusion temperatures during rubber reclamation lead to a reduction in toxic degradation products and improve the mechanical properties of vulcanizates, at the expense of reduced processability.
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Reduction of Tire Rolling Resistance by Optimization of Road Surfaces and Tires
PublikacjaDuring interaction between tire and road surface three very important phenomena are always in effect. One of them (very desirable) is friction that is important for traction, braking and cornering. Two other phenomena are not desirable at all, that is rolling resistance and noise. This paper discusses relations between road surface and tire parameters versus tire rolling resistance. Road surface texture, porosity, impedance, strength...
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An Alternative Proof of a Lower Bound on the 2-Domination Number of a Tree
PublikacjaA 2-dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex not in D has a at least two neighbors in D. The 2-domination number of a graph G, denoted by gamma_2(G), is the minimum cardinality of a 2-dominating set of G. Fink and Jacobson [n-domination in graphs, Graph theory with applications to algorithms and computer science, Wiley, New York, 1985, 283-300] established the following lower bound on the 2-domination...
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A lower bound on the total outer-independent domination number of a tree
PublikacjaA total outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G has a neighbor in D, and the set V(G)D is independent. The total outer-independent domination number of a graph G, denoted by gamma_t^{oi}(G), is the minimum cardinality of a total outer-independent dominating set of G. We prove that for every nontrivial tree T of order n with l leaves we have gamma_t^{oi}(T) >= (2n-2l+2)/3,...
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An upper bound on the 2-outer-independent domination number of a tree
PublikacjaA 2-outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of V(G)D has a at least two neighbors in D, and the set V(G)D is independent. The 2-outer-independent domination number of a graph G, denoted by gamma_2^{oi}(G), is the minimum cardinality of a 2-outer-independent dominating set of G. We prove that for every nontrivial tree T of order n with l leaves we have gamma_2^{oi}(T) <= (n+l)/2,...
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An upper bound on the total outer-independent domination number of a tree
PublikacjaA total outer-independent dominating set of a graph G=(V(G),E(G)) is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G has a neighbor in D, and the set V(G)D is independent. The total outer-independent domination number of a graph G, denoted by gamma_t^{oi}(G), is the minimum cardinality of a total outer-independent dominating set of G. We prove that for every tree T of order n >= 4, with l leaves and s support vertices we have...
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A lower bound on the double outer-independent domination number of a tree
PublikacjaA vertex of a graph is said to dominate itself and all of its neighbors. A double outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G is dominated by at least two vertices of D, and the set V(G)D is independent. The double outer-independent domination number of a graph G, denoted by gamma_d^{oi}(G), is the minimum cardinality of a double outer-independent dominating set of G. We...
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Comparison of Tire Rolling Resistance Measuring Methods for Different Surfaces
PublikacjaThe rolling resistance of car tires is one of the most important parameters characterizing tires today. This resistance has a very significant contribution to the energy consumption of wheeled vehicles. The climate crisis has forced tire and car manufacturers to place great emphasis on the environmental impact of their products. Paradoxically, the development of electric vehicles has led to an even greater importance of rolling...
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Impact of the surface evenness and texture on tire/road rolling resistance
PublikacjaThis paper deals with the issue of a surface's roughness and texture impact on tire/road rolling resistance. It includes a brief description of research aims, measurements and an analysis of results. It also presents observations and conclusions regarding drum facility modernisation which allows studies concerning surface's roughness and texture impact on tire/road rolling resistance.
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An Algorithm for Listing All Minimal 2-Dominating Sets of a Tree
PublikacjaWe provide an algorithm for listing all minimal 2-dominating sets of a tree of order n in time O(1.3248n) . This implies that every tree has at most 1.3248 n minimal 2-dominating sets. We also show that this bound is tigh.
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Investigation method of large-volume tire with mobile test rig
PublikacjaThe goal of this research is to develop the tire test method and mobile tire test rig. The test rig enables measurement of tire properties as stiffness and viscous damping in vertical direction, and tire–ground characteristics on the asphalt rigid surface. The tire-ground characteristics are measured by force and a torque measurement hub. The design, calibration and the algorithm for calculating the forces in the wheel center are...
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Selected Aspects of Pavement Texture Influence on Tire Rolling Resistance
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance has a significant influence on fuel consumption in cars and trucks and on CO2 emissions. Rolling resistance depends on the tire construction, pavement texture and stiffness, as well as environmental and traffic conditions. This article presents a pilot study on the impact of pavement texture on the rolling resistance of passenger car tires. Reasons why Mean Profile Depth is not a good descriptor of pavement...
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Preliminary Investigation on Auto-Thermal Extrusion of Ground Tire Rubber
PublikacjaGround tire rubber (GTR) was processed using an auto-thermal extrusion as a prerequisite to green reclaiming of waste rubbers. The reclaimed GTR underwent a series of tests: thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and static headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) in order...
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OIL-ASSISTED THERMO-MECHANICAL RECLAMATION OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER
PublikacjaNowadays, it is crucial to seek for the methods of by-products and waste utilization, considering both environmental and economic factors. The example of waste material generated in the massive amounts, which requires the attention is ground tire rubber generated during recycling of post-consumer car tires. It can be applied as a filler into different polymer matrices, but to enhance its effectivity proper modifications should...
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Liquid crystal thermography and true-colour digital image processing
PublikacjaAutorzy opisali własne wieloletnie doświadczenia z badań wymiany ciepła, w których wykorzystali termochromatyczne ciekłe kryształy. Obejmowały one badania przepływów w kanałach o różnorakiej konfiguracji, badania w przestrzeniach zamkniętych oraz podczas zmiany stanu skupienia badanego płynu.
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The Interconnectedness between Institutional Quality, Civil War and Institutional Reform: A Case Study of Nepalese Maoist Civil War
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Mental Health Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Long-Term Care Facility Social Care Provider in Poland
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The production and properties of the secondary metabolites in selected car-nivorous plants = Produkcja i właściwości metabolitów wtórnych wybranych roślin owadożernych
PublikacjaPięć gatunków roślin owadożernych (Drosera aliciae, D. capensis, D. ramenta-cea, D. rotundifolia oraz Sarracenia psittacina ) zostało zbadanych pod ką-tem produkcji i właściwości metabolitów wtórnych między innymi flawonoidów inaftochinonów. W tym celu rośliny poddano elicytacji in vitro przy użyciuelicytorów abiotycznych - TYTANIT, kwas jasmonowy, BION oraz biotycznych -chityna i Enterobacter sakazaki. Badane związki ekstrahowano...
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Tire/road noise measuring principles according to the Close Proximity Method
PublikacjaW pracy podano metody badania hałasu opon samochodowych. Omówiono przyczepy pomiarowe zbudowane w Politechnice Gdańskiej oraz systemy pomiarowe stosowane do pomiaru hałasu opon zgodnie z metodą CPX.
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Perfect hashing with pseudo-minimal bottom-up deterministic tree automata
PublikacjaWe describe a technique that maps unranked trees to their hash codes using a bottom-up deterministic tree automaton (DTA). In contrast to techniques implemented with minimal tree automata, our procedure builds a pseudo-minimal DTA. Pseudo-minimal automata are larger than the minimal ones but in turn the mapping can be arbitrary, so it can be determined prior to the automaton construction. We also provide procedures to build incrementally...
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Certification of vehicles used for tire/road noise evaluation by CPX method
PublikacjaJednym ze sposobów oceny hałasu opon i nawierzchni drogowych jest metda CPX polegająca na pomiarze hałasu w polu bliskim miejsca współpracy opony z nawierzchnią. Aby uzyskać wysoką dokładność pomiarów niezbędne jest ustanowienie procedur ustanowienie procedur certyfikacyjnych sprzętu pomiarowego a więc głównie pojazdu badawczego. Praca dotyczy procedur certyfikacyjnych wypracowanych przez Grupę Roboczą WG33 ISO/TC43/SC1 oraz w...
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Modification of Ground Tire Rubber—Promising Approach for Development of Green Composites
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INFLUENCE OF TEST CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASURED BY THE DRUM METHOD
PublikacjaTyre/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. Nowadays a few standard procedures of tyre/road noise measurements are in use. Unfortunately, measurement conditions specified within relevant standards are very different. For example, procedure described in ISO 11819-2 used for pavement investigations requires tyre load of 3200 N and capped inflation pressure of 200 kPa. At the same time...
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Rolling Resistance And Tire/Road Noise on Rubberized Asphalt Pavement In Poland
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of tire/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone-matrix asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberized asphalt developed and produced by the company in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and additive of crumb rubber. First observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger car...
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Rolling resistance and tyre/road noise on rubberised asphalt pavement in Poland
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of tyre/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone mastics asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberised asphalt, developed and produced by a refinery in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and addition of crumb rubber. The first observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger...
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Compatibilization of polymeric composition filled with ground tire rubber – short review
PublikacjaWaste rubber is recognized as valuable materials resource and searching for new recycling methods is the main activity of many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years only few scientific papers about foamed polymer compositions filled with ground tire rubber were published. In paper review about progress in compatibilization and foaming of polymeric compositions filled with ground tire rubber.
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Critical Case Stochastic Phylogenetic Tree Model via the Laplace Transform
PublikacjaBirth–and–death models are now a common mathematical tool to describe branching patterns observed in real–world phylogenetic trees. Liggett and Schinazi (2009) is one such example. The authors propose a simple birth–and–death model that is compatible with phylogenetic trees of both influenza and HIV, depending on the birth rate parameter. An interesting special case of this model is the critical case where the birth rate equals the...
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Tyre/road noise reduction of poroelastic road surface tested in a laboratory
PublikacjaA so-called poroelastic road surface (PERS) is being developed in Europe. This contains a large percentage of rubber particles mixed with hard aggregate (stone and sand) and bound with polyurethane. This gives high air void content (around 30 %), high elasticity and smooth texture, all of which should give low noise properties. Inthis experiment anominally 30 mm thick sample of PERS was mounted on a steel drum. Various car tyres...
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The effect of tyre rubber grinding method on the rubber-asphalt binder properties
PublikacjaRubber products, especially those used in the automotive industry, are responsible for a significant amount of waste, mainly in the form of worn tyres. One way to recycle tyres is to use them as an asphalt binder modifier. The properties of rubber-asphalt binders vary greatly depending on the morphology of the ground tyre rubber (GTR) grains and the type of tyre to be recycled (car/truck). The paper presents the results of research...
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Improved liquid crystal thermography by use true-colour imageprocessing technology
PublikacjaRozdział zawiera opis zastosowania termochromatycznych ciekłych kryształóworaz komputerowej analizy kolorowych obrazów w badanich wymiany ciepła. Au-torzy przedstawili wykorzystanie techniki ciekłokrystalicznej w badaniachgeometrii klasycznych wymienników ciepła.
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Comprehensive analysis of low-temperature methods for reclaiming of ground tire rubber
PublikacjaManagement of waste tires has become an important topic for decades. The lack of an effective method to manage the materials as mentioned above leads to illegal landfills. This problematic waste can be divided into two main categories depending on the physical condition of the waste: (i) partially used tires; (ii) end-of-life tires. While the first group can be reused or retreaded, the second group requires special measures to...
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A city is not a tree: a multi-city study on street network and urban life
PublikacjaChristopher Alexander, a British-American scholar, differentiated an old (natural) city from a new (planned) one by structure. The former resembles a “semilattice”, or a complex system encompassing many interconnected sub-systems. The latter is shaped in a graph-theoretical “tree”, which lacks the structural complexity as its sub-systems are compartmentalized into a single hierarchy. This structural distinction explains why, or...
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Empirical analysis of tree-based classification models for customer churn prediction
PublikacjaCustomer churn is a vital and reoccurring problem facing most business industries, particularly the telecommunications industry. Considering the fierce competition among telecommunications firms and the high expenses of attracting and gaining new subscribers, keeping existing loyal subscribers becomes crucial. Early prediction of disgruntled subscribers can assist telecommunications firms in identifying the reasons for churn and...
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Tire/Road Noise On Poroelastic Road Surfaces - Results Of Laboratory Measurements
PublikacjaTire/road noise is the most important part of traffic noise for medium and high speed driving both in the case of passenger cars and trucks. The potential to make modification of tires that significantly reduce tire/road noise in nearly over, at least for conventional tires so the only promising action is to improve road pavements. One of the innovative solutions is poroelastic road pavement (PERS) that reduces airflow related...
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A Reduction Method for Bathymetric Datasets that Preserves True Coastal Water Geodata
PublikacjaWater areas occupy over 70 percent of the Earth’s surface and are constantly subject to research and analysis. Often, hydrographic remote sensors are used for such research, which allow for the collection of information on the shape of the water area bottom and the objects located on it. Information about the quality and reliability of the depth data is important, especially during coastal modelling. In-shore areas are liable...
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Modification of Ground Tire Rubber—Promising Approach for Development of Green Composites
PublikacjaGround tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically modified using a road bitumen 100/150 and two types of organic peroxides: di-(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)-benzene (BIB) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The impact of used additives on reactive sintering efficiency and physico-mechanical properties of modified GTR was investigated using oscillating disc rheometer measurements, followed by tensile tests and swelling behavior studies....
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A self-stabilizing algorithm for finding a spanning tree in a polynomial number of moves
PublikacjaW pracy rozważa się rozproszony model obliczeń, w którym struktura systemu jest reprezentowana przez graf bezpośrednich połączeń komunikacyjnych. W tym modelu podajemy nowy samostabilizujący algorytm znajdowania drzewa spinającego. Zgodnie z naszą wiedzą jest to pierwszy algorytm dla tego problemu z gwarantowaną wielomianową liczbą ruchów.
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Innovations in the payment card market: The case of Poland
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