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GIS-based hydrodynamic modeling for urban flood mitigation in fast-growing regions: a case study of Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublikacjaFloods threaten urban infrastructure, especially in residential neighborhoods and fast-growing regions. Flood hydrodynamic modeling helps identify flood-prone locations and improve mitigation plans' resilience. Urban floods pose special issues due to changing land cover and a lack of raw data. Using a GIS-based modeling interface, input files for the hydrodynamic model were developed. The physical basin's properties were identified...
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Diagnostic Analysis of Exhaust Gas with A Quick-Changing Temperature from a Marine Diesel Engine Part II / Two Factor Analysis
PublikacjaThe article presents a continuation of research carried out to determine the effect of input parameters (changes in engine structure parameters) on selected output parameters (diagnostic measures), based on quickly changing exhaust gas temperature. A method of determining the simultaneous influence of two input factors (the structure parameter and the engine load) on one output factor was presented, as well as an evaluation...
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Determination of PCBs in marine sediment using pressurised liquid extraction-gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry -method validation
PublikacjaOpracowano procedurę oznaczania wybranych analitów z grupy PCB w próbkach osadu dennego z wykorzystaniem techniki przyspieszonej ekstrakcji za pomocą rozpuszczalnika (PLE) w połączeniu z chromatografią gazową z detektorem spektrometrii mas. Opracowana procedura analityczna została wykorzystana do analizy próbek morskiego osadu dennego, które stanowiły przedmiot badań międzylaboratoryjnych organizowanych przez Comité Consultatif...
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Burst loss probability for the combination of extended offset time based service differentiation scheme and PPS in optical burst switching network
PublikacjaIn the paper analytical model for calculating burst loss probabilities for the combination of two service differentiation schemes for OBS network namely: extended offset time based scheme and PPS (Preemption Priority Schemes) is revised. Moreover authors introduce analytical model for calculating burst loss probabilities for an optical path when OBS network employs both service differentiation schemes and JET signaling. The comparison...
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Comprehensive determination of flavouring additives and nicotine in e-cigarette refill solutions. Part II: Gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis
PublikacjaFlavouring compounds are an essential part of e-liquid products for cigarettes. In general, they are regarded as safe for ingestion, but they may have unrecognized risks when they are inhaled. In some cases, manufactures do not currently abide by the Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) and do not declare the detailed contents of e-liquids on their labels. To help evaluate the health impact of flavouring substances, there is...
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THE USE OF ULTRAFAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR CLASSIFICATION OF PLUM SPIRITS = SPOSÓB WYKORZYSTANIA ULTRASZYBKIEJ CHROMATOGRAFII GAZOWEJ DO KLASYFIKACJI OKOWIT ŚLIWKOWYCH
PublikacjaStan środowiska ma znaczny wpływ na jakość upraw. W konsekwencji występowanie zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu ma istotny wpływ na jakość żywności. W skutek złego stanu powietrza zewnętrznego i wewnętrznego zmieniają się m.in. walory sensoryczne i zdrowotne niektórych produktów spożywczych. Z tego powodu należy nieustannie monitorować stan środowiska za pomocą m.in. nowoczesnej aparatury analitycznej jakim jest elektroniczny nos. W...
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Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry as tool for characterization of the main pollutants present in atmospheric air in Gdansk
PublikacjaNowadays, the technique that is commonly used to identify and quantify the chemical compounds in gas sample is gas chromatography. The separation resolution in gas chromatography can be improved by applying the modulation technique. In this paper present is the most important information regarding the pollutants present in atmospheric air. The areas in which the tests were carried out are one of the largest industrial zones in...
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Technical and economical analysis of combined cycles of gas turbine -steam turbine on pipeline compressor stations. Part II - Economic analysis
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie nadbudowy zespołów turbosprężarkowych, znajdujących się na tłoczni gazu ziemnego, odzyskowymi blokami parowymi. W analizie tego przedsięwzięcia wzięto pod uwagę kilka wariantów konfiguracji układu parowego oraz kilka wariantów uwzględniających zmienność obciążenia turbin gazowych napędzających kompresory. Dla układu parowego dobrano wszystkie podstawowe parametry, a następnie wykonano obliczenia...
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Technical and economical analysis of combined cycles of gas turbine - steam turbine on pipeline compressor stations. Part I - Technical analysis
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie nadbudowy zespołów turbosprężarkowych, znajdujących się na tłoczni gazu ziemnego, odzyskowymi blokami parowymi. W analizie tego przedsięwzięcia wzięto pod uwagę kilka wariantów konfiguracji układu parowego oraz kilka wariantów uwzględniających zmienność obciążenia turbin gazowych napędzających kompresory. Dla układu parowego dobrano wszystkie podstawowe parametry, a następnie wykonano obliczenia...
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Technical and economical analysis of combined cycles of gas turbine - steam turbine on pipeline compressor stations. Part II - Economic analysis
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie nadbudowy zespołów turbosprężarkowych, znajdujących się na tłoczni gazu ziemnego, odzyskowymi blokami parowymi. W analizie tego przedsięwzięcia wzięto pod uwagę kilka wariantów konfiguracji układu parowego oraz kilka wariantów uwzględniających zmienność obciążenia turbin gazowych napędzających kompresory. Dla układu parowego dobrano wszystkie podstawowe parametry, a następnie wykonano obliczenia...
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Complementary Use of Multi-dimensional Gas Chromatography and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Rapeseed Oil Quality Indicators
PublikacjaThe change of concentration of various volatiles generated during frying may be an indicator of oil quality. Chemical compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxyl acids are the products of oxidation during thermal degradation of edible oils. Shown in this work is a complementary use of GC×GC-TOFMS and PTR-MS for the detection and determination of quality indicators of rapeseed oil. The former technique was used for...
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A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of ibuprofen and its metabolites in equine urine samples by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaIbuprofen is widely used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of chronic pain as well as rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders. However, t he anal- gesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Ibuprofen have contributed to frequent drug abuse in equestr ian s ports. A sensitive and rapid gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry based method with a simple liquid-liquid extraction and deriva- tization requiring...
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The CFD analysis of influence the start of fuel injection (SOI) on combustion parameters and exhaust gas composition of the marine 4-stroke engine
PublikacjaThe paper presents a theoretical analysis of the impact of injection timing on the parameters of the combustion process and the composition of exhaust gas from a 4-stroke engine designed to shipbuilding. The analysis was carried out based on a three-dimensional multi-zone model of the combustion process. This model has been prepared on the basis of properties of the research facility. The input data to the model were obtained through...
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Preconditioners with Low Memory Requirements for Higher-Order Finite-Element Method Applied to Solving Maxwell’s Equations on Multicore CPUs and GPUs
PublikacjaThis paper discusses two fast implementations of the conjugate gradient iterative method using a hierarchical multilevel preconditioner to solve the complex-valued, sparse systems obtained using the higher order finite-element method applied to the solution of the time-harmonic Maxwell equations. In the first implementation, denoted PCG-V, a classical V-cycle is applied and the system of equations on the lowest level is solved...
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A rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of antimicrobial onion organosulfur compounds in animal feed coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
PublikacjaA rapid analytical procedure is proposed for determining two antimicrobial onion organosulfur compounds, propyl disulfide (PDS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), in animal feed. The use of PTSO as a natural ingredient in animal feed is allowed due to its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms. Two analytical methodologies using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are compared. After the extraction...
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On energy, exergy, and environmental aspects of a combined gas-steam cycle for heat and power generation undergoing a process of retrofitting by steam injection
PublikacjaThe paper presents a study of retrofitting of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant aimed to increase the electric to heating power ratio. The modification would involve diverting part of the steam to the gas turbine, instead of letting it go to the steam turbine, using injection technique into a combustion chamber. Therefore, two potential retrofitting approaches are analyzed: steam injection gas turbine (STIGT) and combined steam...
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ANTIOXIDANT POWER SERIES (APS) AS A TOOL FOR RATIONAL DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF FUNCTONAL FOODS BASED ON ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOCHEMICALS
PublikacjaOver past decades, plantborne antioxidants dominated so called "translational research" in the area of food, nutrition, and disease prevention. Among consumers and producers, such phytochemicals are synonyms of nutriceuticals. Popularity and commercial success of antioxidants stems from mechanistic studies suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in etiology of chronic diseases. However, epidemiology failed to provide...
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Beyond the helium buffer: 12C−2 rotational cooling in cold traps with H2 as a partner gas: interaction forces and quantum dynamics
Publikacjaabstract = { The scattering cross-sections and corresponding rate coefficients for rotationally inelastic collisions of $^{12}$C$_2$^-$ ($^2 \Sigma_g^+$) with H$_2$ ($^1 \Sigma_g^+$) are presented over a broad range of cold-trap temperatures. They have been calculated using quantum scattering theory that employs a new ab initio potential energy surface. The rate coefficients for the inelastic processes in the anionic partner are...
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Characterization of diatomaceous earth coated with nitrated asphaltenes as superior adsorbent for removal of VOCs from gas phase in fixed bed column
PublikacjaAsphaltenes isolated from bitumen possess unusual adsorption characteristics that can be further enhanced by chemical modifications to promote interactions with VOCs’. Herein, nitrated asphaltenes are used as an active layer coated on a surface of a diatomaceous earth, in order to prepare an efficient adsorbent (AsfNitro). Breakthrough experiments with benzene, pyridine, and 1-nitropropane revealed significant increase in adsorption...
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Combined chemoresistive and in situ FTIR spectroscopy study of nanoporous NiO films for light-activated nitrogen dioxide and acetone gas sensing
PublikacjaThe chemoresistive sensor response of nanoporous NiO films prepared by advanced gas deposition was investigated by combined resistivity and in situ FTIR spectroscopy, with and without simultaneous light illumination, to detect NO2 and acetone gases. The sensitivity towards NO2 increased dramatically under UV irradiation employing 275 nm light. Improved sensitivity was observed at an elevated temperature of 150 °C. In situ FTIR...
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First deep eutectic solvent-based (DES) stationary phase for gas chromatography and future perspectives for DES application in separation techniques
PublikacjaThe paper presents the first application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as stationary phases for gas chromatography. DES obtained by mixing tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with heptadecanoic acid being a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a mole ratio of HBA:HBD equal to 1:2 was characterized by its ability to separate volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Rohrschneider – McReynolds constants determined...
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Study of ZrS3-based field-effect transistors toward the understanding of the mechanisms of light-enhanced gas sensing by transition metal trichalcogenides
PublikacjaExtending knowledge of the properties of low-dimensional van der Waals materials, including their reactivity to the ambiance, is important for developing innovative electronic and optoelectronic devices. Transition metal trichalcogenides with tunable optical band gaps and anisotropic conductivity are an emerging class among low- dimensional structures with the possibility of gate tunability and photoreactivity. These properties...
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Generation of large finite-element matrices on multiple graphics processors
PublikacjaThis paper presents techniques for generating very large finite-element matrices on a multicore workstation equipped with several graphics processing units (GPUs). To overcome the low memory size limitation of the GPUs, and at the same time to accelerate the generation process, we propose to generate the large sparse linear systems arising in finite-element analysis in an iterative manner on several GPUs and to use the graphics...
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Electrical responses of nanoporous NiO films for light-activated nitrogen dioxide and acetone gas sensing
Dane BadawczeThe chemoresistive sensor response of nanoporous NiO films prepared by advanced gas deposition was investigated with and without simultaneous light irradiation, to detect nitrogen dioxide and acetone gases. The presented data show electrical responses presented as sensor resistance or relative changes in sensor resistance under selected environment...
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XPS data of as-grown BDD, as-implanted Mn-BDD, and annealed Mn-BDD thin films
Dane BadawczeXPS survey spectra and detailed spectra O1, C1s and Mn2p of as-grown BDD, as-implanted Mn-BDD, and annealed Mn-BDD thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were conducted on an Escalab 250 Xi from Thermo Fisher Scientific with an Al Kα radiation. Results were published in the paper ( https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202308617)
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The XPS studies of the CB-PLA electrodes after different surface treatments (chemical, electrochemical, enzymatic)
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy results of the studies performed under different conditions of surface activation of the CB-PLA 3D printed electrodes. The activation was performed by hydrolysis in different solvents (DMF, 1M HCl, 1M NaOH), electrolysis in 1M NaOH, enzymatic treatment in polymerase or simultaneous electrolysis...
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FTIR spectra of gas mixtures from the process of biogas dry reforming using CLO catalyst
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the FTIR spectra collected during the catalytic measurements of dry reforming of biogas (60/40 CH4-CO2) using Ce0.8La0.2O2 nanocatalyst. The specatra were collected every 1 minute.
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Chemical composition of La-Sr-Ce-Ni-Ti ceramics material measured by XPS method
Dane BadawczeLa-Sr-Ce-Ni-Ti (LSCNT) based ceramics sample was manufactured by standard solid state reaction.Prepared powder was pressed into pilled and sintered in a furnace in air atmosphere for 10h. Annealing temperature was 1200 Celsius degree. To calculate chemical composition and determine valence states of the elements, X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS)...
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FTIR spectra of gas mixtures from the methanation chamber filled with 50-50wt.% NiO-Al2O3
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the FTIR spectra collection of the outlet gas mixtures (CO2, CO, CH4) from reactor chamber filled with 50/50 wt.% NiO-Al2O3 catalyst for perfoming methanation reaction. The inlet gas mixture was composed of 3:1 by vol. H2:CO. Spectra were collected using PerkinElmer FTIR every 1 min.
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FTIR spectra of gas mixtures from the methanation chamber filled with 25-75wt.% NiO-Al2O3
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the FTIR spectra collection of the outlet gas mixtures (CO2, CO, CH4) from reactor chamber filled with 25/75 wt.% NiO-Al2O3 catalyst for perfoming methanation reaction. The inlet gas mixture was composed of 3:1 by vol. H2:CO. Spectra were collected using PerkinElmer FTIR every 1 min.
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FTIR spectra of gas mixtures from the methanation chamber filled with 50-50wt.% NiO-GDC
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes the FTIR spectra collection of the outlet gas mixtures (CO2, CO, CH4) from reactor chamber filled with 50/50 wt.% NiO-GDC (Gadolinia Doped Ceria 20mol.%Gd2O3) catalyst for perfoming methanation reaction. The inlet gas mixture was composed of 3:1 by vol. H2:CO. Spectra were collected using PerkinElmer FTIR every 1 min.
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Assessment of Trace Metals Leaching During Rainfall Events from Building Rooftops with Different Types of Coverage – Case Study
PublikacjaRunoff water is an important medium transporting various types of pollution originating from the atmosphere and washed out from roofing materials. The study presents a quality assessment of runoff from different roofs in the context of trace metal concentrations. The analysed rooftops were covered with copper, tar paper and ceramic tile. The quality of the rain water collected at the same time satisfies the demands of the first...
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Możliwości wykorzystania sieci ASG-EUPOS do walidacji okrętowych urządzeń nawigacyjnych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz możliwości wykorzystania serwisów czasu rzeczywistego sieci ASG-EUPOS do walidacji wybranych urządzeń nawigacyjnych. Rozważania teoretyczne uzupełniono pomiarami wykonanymi na jednostce pływającej, manewrującej na Zatoce Gdańskiej. Rejestrowano wskazania odbiorników pracujących w sieci ASG-EUPOS oraz odbiorników systemu GPS wykorzystujących korekty różnicowe. Zaprezentowano wyniki przeprowadzonych...
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Ekonomicna efektivnisot` tieplovich pomp = Economic effectivenes ofheat pum-ps
PublikacjaNowe technologie w zakresie wytwarzania energii powinny spełniać kryterium efektywności ekonomicznej i kryterium efektywności energetycznej, które oznacza zmniejszenie zużycia energii pierwotnej po zastosowaniu nowej technologii. Kryteria te są bardzo wrażliwe na zmiany parametrów eksploatacyjnych systemów energetycznych i zmiany parametrów makroekonomicznych. W publikacji opisano model matematyczny powyższych kryteriów dla...
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Assessment of tensile forces in Sopot Forest Opera membrane by in situ measurements and iterative numerical strategy for inverse problem
PublikacjaAssessment of tensile forces in newly build Sopot Forest Opera roofing membrane is presented. The procedure is based on in situ measurements and solution of the inverse problem by an iterative procedure. The goal of the analysis is to determine whether the stress state of the membrane is consistent with the design assumptions. The paper contains the description of measurements, used instruments, applied loadings, numerical investiga-tions...
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Example of Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Nelder–Mead Method for Flow Improvement in Axial Last Stage of Gas–Steam Turbine
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Emission characteristics for gaseous- and size-segregated particulate PAHs in coal combustion flue gas from circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler
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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust using standard addition method and gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection
PublikacjaMonitoring of the environmental fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) involves determination of their concentration in air, airborne particles and settled dust. This requires the implementation of appropriate analytical tools like measuring instruments, reference materials and analytical procedures. In this study an analytical procedure was developed for determining PBDEs in samples with a complex matrix composition. The...
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Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), electronic noses (e-noses) and electronic tongues (e-tongues) for in vivo food flavour measurement
PublikacjaThe capter revies two types of artificial olfaction instrumentation, i.e. gas-chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and chemical sensor technologies (electronic nose and tongue), combined with multivariate data processing methods as promising approaches for rapid analysis of food. The chapter also includes examples of specific applications for the detection of food flavour and volatile components.
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Possible efficiency increasing of ship propulsion and marine power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine
PublikacjaW rozdziale przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego lub morskiej pływającej elektrowni dużej mocy złożonego z silnika głównego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika głównego tłokowego. Rozpatrywano możliwości zastosowania takich układów w układach okrętowych z punktu widzenia sprawnościowego. Podano możliwości...
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Gas-phase quasi-degeneracy of zwitterionic and canonical tautomers of glycine and proline induced by the presence of the MAlF4(M = Li, Na, K) salts
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Oznaczanie lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych w ściekach metodą chromatografii gazowej =Determination of volatile fatty acids in wastewater using gas chromatography.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono metody oznaczania lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w ściekachze szczególnym uwzględnieniem chromatografii gazowej. Omówiono rolę LKT wprocesie biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków. Scharakteryzowano poszczególneetapy procedury analitycznej, począwszy od pobrania próbek rzeczywistych askończywszy na sposobie detekcji. Ze względu na znaczną złożoność matrycyjaką stanowią ścieki, główny nacisk położono na techniki...
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Influence of gas turbine controller adjustment on propulsion system behaviour in high sea conditions. Part 1. The dynamic model of propulsion system.
PublikacjaDo badań przyjęto układ napędowy okrętowy z turbinami gazowymi napędzającymi poprzez przekładnię mechaniczną zębatą śrubę okrętową o zmiennym skoku. Nakład napędowy statku z turbinami gazowymi napędzającymi śrubę nastawną oddziałują wymuszenia zarówno od nastaw prędkości obrotowej wału śrubowego jaki skoku śruby napędowej, ale również istnieje silna reakcja od falowania morza (stanu morza) na pracę układu napędowego. Zbudowano...
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Example of Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Nelder–Mead Method for Flow Improvement in Axial Last Stage of Gas–Steam Turbine
PublikacjaThis article focuses principally on the comparison baseline and the optimized flow efficiency of the final stage of an axial turbine operating on a gas–steam mixture by applying a hybrid Nelder– Mead and the particle swarm optimization method. Optimization algorithms are combined with CFD calculations to determine the flowpaths and thermodynamic parameters. The working fluid in this study is a mixture of steam and gas produced...
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Synergistic effects of a swirl generator and MXene/ water nanofluids used in a heat exchanger pipe of a negative CO2 emission gas power plant
Publikacjafocus on optimizing heat exchangers contributes to improved temperature control mechanisms, ensuring the sustainable operation of innovative power plants working towards negative CO2 emissions. In the realm of oxy-combustion within Negative CO2 Emission Power Plants (nCO2PP), the temperature of combustion products surpasses 3000 (K). Addressing this challenge, the imperative arises to reduce these elevated temperatures to a manageable...
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Electrochemical detection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gold electrode modified with DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH - Antimicrobial peptide conjugate
PublikacjaThis work describes fabrication of gold electrodes modified with peptide conjugate DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH that enables ultra-sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from the reference strain of Escherichia coli O26:B6. The initial step of the established procedure implies immobilization of the fully protected DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH peptide on the surface of the gold electrode previously modified by cysteamine. Then side...
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CO2 capture using steam ejector condenser under electro hydrodynamic actuator with non-condensable gas and cyclone separator: A numerical study
PublikacjaThe concept for condensation of steam and CO2 separation in a negative CO2 emission gas power plant involves the utilization of a steam ejector condenser (SEC) for direct-contact condensation of vapor with inert gas (CO2) on a spray of subcooled liquid, integrated with a separator to produce pure CO2. Due to the increasing diffusion resistance and reduced convective heat transfer between the steam and subcooled water phases...
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The Verification of the Usefulness of Electronic Nose Based on Ultra-Fast Gas Chromatography and Four Different Chemometric Methods for Rapid Analysis of Spirit Beverages
PublikacjaSpirit beverages are a diverse group of foodstuffs. They are very often counterfeited which cause the appearance of low quality products or wrongly labelled products on the market. It is important to find a proper quality control and botanical origin method enabling the same time preliminary check of the composition of investigated samples, which was the main goal of this work. For this purpose, the usefulness of electronic nose...
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Effect of cobalt addition on the corrosion behaviorof near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy in normal saline solution: electrochemical and XPS studies
PublikacjaThe electrochemical and corrosion (uniform and localized) behavior of a binary Ni52Ti48 shape memory alloy (SMA) and two ternary Ni52Ti48-xCox (x = 1.5 and 4.0 wt.%) SMAs were studied. Measurements were conducted in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 oC employing various electrochemical methods. These include: linear polarization resistance (LPR), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy...
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Quantification of unconjugated and total ibuprofen and its metabolites in equine urine samples by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to the excretion study
PublikacjaIbuprofen (IBU) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in human and also veterinary medicine. NSAIDs are usually highly metabolized compounds in horses; they are often present in equine urine, mostly in their conjugated forms (glucuronides). Thus, hydrolysis to cleave the glucuronide linkage prior to anti-doping analysis is often necessary for improving detection. In this study, unconjugated and total IBU...