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Search results for: Potential energy surfaces
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Emulsion cleaning of metal surfaces contaminated with fresh and oxidized printing ink.
PublicationWykonano badania usuwania farby drukarskiej, stosowanej do druku offsetowego za pomocą emulsji terpentyny i hexanu w wodzie.
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On the use of a charge balancing method for low energy measurements
PublicationThe paper presents the method for the estimation of the energy consumption of the low-power microcontroller-based devices. Due to high dynamics of the changes of the supply current of the tested devices during the operational cycle, the consumed energy estimation is not easy. In order to avoid disadvantages of known methods, the charge balancing method was employed similarly like in some types of A/D converters.
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Energy efficiency of electric multiple units in suburban operation
PublicationThis thesis presents approach to analysis of energy efficiency of a suburban rail network, using novel models developed on the Matlab/Simulink basis. Necessary features and requirements for such models were determined thru in-depth review of the source literature in all applicable fields: electrified transportation systems, electric multiple units construction, vehicle drivetrains and finally, existing simulation methods. Existing...
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HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM FOR A CLASSIC SHIP POWER PLANT
PublicationThe article presents a brief overview of hybrid energy systems used on ships. The area of their application is outlined. The benefits of using such systems are also indicated. Then, the classic ship power plant is defined. The most important part of the article is a proposal how to modify a classic engine room by using a hybrid energy system. The idea is: to accumulate a part of electricity in areas where it is allowed to burn...
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Energy efficient beam control for 5G antennas
PublicationThe rapid development of 5G and beyond systems demands improvement in communication speed, latency and safety to maintain the required quality of service. This paper presents an overview of different concepts of energy-efficient antenna systems, which offer beam-shaping and beam-steering functionalities, that enhance connectivity performance and can be used in 5G applications. Different designs for 5.9 GHz, 39 GHz and 60 GHz frequency...
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Therapeutic Potential of Multifunctional Derivatives of Cholinesterase Inhibitors
PublicationThe aim of this work is review of tacrine analogues from the last three years, which were not included in the latest review work, donepezil and galantamine hybrids from 2015 and rivastigmine derivatives from 2014. In this account we summarize the efforts toward the development and characterization of non-toxic inhibitors of cholinesterases based on mentioned drugs with various interesting additional properties such as antioxidant,...
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Integrated spatial and energy planning – importance of a problem for contemporary architects and urban planners with focus on environmental factors
PublicationAlong with respecting basic sustainable development goals, planners will also be obliged to meet more stringent provisions related to energy efficiency in the coming years. In Poland, a crucial year will be 2021, when the EU directive on the energy efficiency of buildings comes into force. In this matter, not only the characteristics of individual objects are of great importance, but their whole complexes and the overall approach...
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Study of the Anti-Staphylococcal Potential of Honeys Produced in Northern Poland
PublicationThe antimicrobial activity of 144 samples of honeys including 95 products from apiaries located in Northern Poland was evaluated. The antibacterial activity of those natural products, their thermal stability, and activity in the presence of catalase was investigated by microdilution assays in titration plates. The MTT assay was performed for the determination of anti-biofilm activity. Spectrophotometric assays were used for the...
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Rational Use of Primary Energy in Single-Family Residential Houses
PublicationThis work presents results of the primary energy use for heating residential single-family house. Analysis includes domestic hot water system (DHW) and heating, ventilation and air condition system (HVAC). During researches the conventional and alternative energy sources (natural gas, biomass, fuel oil, bituminous coal, lignite or electric energy obtained from electric power system – EPS) were used in DHW and HVAC systems. Furthermore...
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CAES – Energy storage providing stability for national power system
PublicationThis paper presents a short characteristics of the power system. It also describes various types of energy storage technologies. The suggested solution of accumulation and generation of electric power is based on the cooperation of gas turbine with Compressed Air Storage Energy systems – CAES. This analysis describes also various types of cooperation of CAES and renewable sources of energy, particularly wind power systems.
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Mechatronic Design Towards Investigation of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint Behaviour
PublicationA significant problem of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) research is lack of data concerning geometry and position of TMJ discs. It leads to necessity of developing a driving method of the process optimization, which is based on chosen techniques of mechatronic design. In particular, the latter concerns a technique of experimentally supported virtual prototyping. On this stage, the research is characterized by well-verified...
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Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells based on Ti/TiO2 nanotubes photoanode and Pt-free and TCO-free counter electrode system
PublicationFlexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are getting more attention compared to standard glass covered DSSCs due to their unique commercial applications (e.g. tents or sail surfaces) and the possibility of rolling up into a small, portable device. In this work, titania nanotubes (TiO2 NT) modified with titania nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) were photoelectrochemically characterized as an anode for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells....
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Seeding enhancement for microcrystaline diamond layers growth on non-diamond substrates
PublicationThe present paper gives an overview on the possible methods of seeding substrates for diamond layers growth. Diamond in reason of his properties is very desirable material in microelectronic, biomedical and waste treatment sensors. Microcrystalline diamond for these applications must be grown on silicon substrate in microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPACVD). To grow diamond on non-diamond surface pre-growth...
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Thermal and technological aspects of double face grinding of Al2O3 ceramic materials
PublicationDouble face grinding with planetary kinematics is a process to manufacture workpieces with plan parallel functional surfaces, such as bearing rings or sealing shims. In order to increase the economic efficiency of this process, it has to be advanced permanently. The temperature in the contact zone of most grinding processes has a huge influence on the process efficiency and the workpiece qualities. In contrast to most grinding...
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Effects of the Origin and Deacetylation Degree of Chitosan on Properties of Its Coatings on Titanium
PublicationThe properties of chitosan coatings on titanium surfaces may be influenced by a variety of factors, including their chemical characteristics and the deposition method. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of a chitosan’s origin (a type of shrimp) and deacetylation degree (DD), when deposited on a very smooth titanium surface, on adhesion and biological behavior. The tests were performed using chitosan of a degree...
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Corrosion process monitoring by AFM higher harmonic imaging
PublicationThe atomic force microscope (AFM) was invented in 1986 as an alternative to the scanning tunnelling microscope, which cannot be used in studies of non-conductive materials. Today the AFM is a powerful, versatile and fundamental tool for visualizing and studying the morphology of material surfaces. Moreover, additional information for some materials can be recovered by analysing the AFM's higher cantilever modes when the cantilever...
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A Critical Reanalysis of Uncontrollable Washboarding Phenomenon in Metal Band Sawing
PublicationThe article analyzes the cutting process of hard bars. Investigations conducted in industrial conditions demonstrated the presence of surface errors in the machined workpieces in the form of washboard patterns. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of cutting on band sawing machines with different band saw blades. The cutting processes were conducted on three different horizontal band sawing machine types. Analyzed...
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Electrochemical, theoretical and surface physicochemical studies of the alkaline copper corrosion inhibition by newly synthesized molecular complexes of benzenediamine and tetraamine with π acceptor
PublicationTwo charge transfer complexes, namely [(BDAH)+(PA−)] CT1 [(BTAH)2+(PA−)2] and CT2 (BDAH = 1,2-benzenediamine, BTAH = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine, and PA− = 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate), were synthesized and fully characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. CT1 and CT2 were tested as inhibitors to effectively control the uniform and anodic corrosion processes of copper in an alkaline electrolyte (1.0 M KOH) using various electrochemical...
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Thermal and technological aspects of double face grinding of C45 carbon steel
PublicationIn grinding, the contact zone temperature is a decisive factor influencing the achievable surface quality and the grinding tool wear. In contrast to other grinding processes, only few information regarding double face grinding with planetary kinematics when processing steel is known up to date. Since the successive substitution of in-dustrial double-sided lapping processes by double-sided grinding, it has become necessary to the...
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The Use of Direct Shear Test for Optimization of Interlayer Bonding Under a Poroelastic Layer
PublicationPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) are characterised by porous structure with air void content of 20% or higher and stiffness almost 10 times lower than that of a standard asphalt course. Such properties enable noise reduction by up to 12 dB in comparison to SMA 11 mixture. However, the disadvantage of a poroelastic pavement is its low durability, which partially results from delamination from the lower layer. The paper aims to investigate...
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New hybrid quadrature schemes for weakly singular kernels applied to isogeometric boundary elements for 3D Stokes flow
PublicationThis work proposes four novel hybrid quadrature schemes for the efficient and accurate evaluation of weakly singular boundary integrals (1/r kernel) on arbitrary smooth surfaces. Such integrals appear in boundary element analysis for several partial differential equations including the Stokes equation for viscous flow and the Helmholtz equation for acoustics. The proposed quadrature schemes apply a Duffy transform-based quadrature...
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Trees as a solar control measure for southern-oriented street frontages. Analysis of a selected street model for a humid continental climate
PublicationThe present study is aimed at the analysis of possibilities for shading southern frontage of street oriented along the E-W axis by the single row of trees, parallel to the southern elevations. The effectiveness of solar control shading was tested depending on the geometric relationships between trees and buildings. Numerical simulation analyses were conducted in Rhinoceros® program for the street located in humid continental climate...
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Methods for biomaterials printing: A short review and perspective
PublicationPrinting technologies have opened larger windows of innovation and creativity to biomaterials engineers by providing them with the ability to fabricate complex shapes in a reasonable time, cost, and weight. However, there has always been a trouble with function adjusting in printing technologies in view of the multiplicity of materials and apparatus parameters. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, revolutionized biomaterials...
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LOW NOISE TIRES FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PublicationLow Emission Vehicles that are hybrid and electric cars may benefit from specially designed tires that are optimized for driving conditions typical for such vehicles. It is possible that in the future Low Emission Vehicles, especially passenger cars, will substitute conventional vehicles in all applications, however for the time being they are mostly used in urban and suburban areas. Urban traffic has a rather low demand for grip...
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Temperature influence on tyre/road noise frequency spectra
PublicationThe correction for temperature effect on measured tyre/road noise is very important as it may be one of the main sources of errors in measurement results due to substantial influence of this parameter on obtained values. The latest version of the Technical Specification ISO/CD TS 13471-1 about Temperature Corrections contains a proposal of correction procedure for normalizing measured noise levels to a reference air temperature...
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Latent fingerprint imaging by spectroscopic optical coherence tomography
PublicationOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact and non-invasive optical method for evaluating semitransparent and scattering objects. Its unique features, such as non-destructive 3D measurements of tested objects with a fast scanning rate, make this technique interesting for latent fingerprint reading, which is the subject of this paper. So far, OCT has not found widespread use for reading fingerprints directly from surfaces...
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The Anti-Staphylococcal Potential of Ethanolic Polish Propolis Extracts
PublicationAbstract: The principal objective of this study was to determine the anti-staphylococcal potential of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs). A total of 20 samples of propolis collected from apiaries located in different regions of Poland were used in the study. The two-fold broth microdilution method revealed some important differences in the antimicrobial activity of investigated EEPs. Up to the concentration of 4096 µg/mL no activity...
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MARKAL LONG-TERM POWER GENERATION SCENARIOS FOR POLAND: INCREASING THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY 2040
PublicationIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspectives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In addition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade were...
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Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage – The Experience of the Materials Preparation for the Specific Applications.
PublicationThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and reversible chemical reaction heat storage. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. The amount of heat...
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Essential oils as potential anti-staphylococcal agents
PublicationAntibiotic therapy of staphylococcal mastitis is characterized by significantly lower cure rates compared to infections caused by other microorganisms. Thus, it is necessary to search for new, alternative, non-antibiotic agents that are effective in the eradication of these bacteria. The aim of our research was to investigate the antimicrobial, especially anti-staphylococcal potential of a large collection (n=36) of essential oils...
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Reactive Energy Billing in Operator Tariffs in Poland
PublicationThe paper describes the current method of reactive energy billing in the tariffs of distribution grid operators in Poland. The current solutions are subject to critical assessment. Issues related to the motivation effect of the current solutions on consumers are analysed. Problems that occur in relation with connecting distributed generators to the distribution grid and challenges related to prosumer billing are indicated.
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Diaryl Sulfide Derivatives as Potential Iron Corrosion Inhibitors: A Computational Study
PublicationThe present work aimed to assess six diaryl sulfide derivatives as potential corrosion inhibitors. These derivatives were compared with dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), a common leprosy antibiotic that has been shown to resist the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media with a corrosion efficiency exceeding 90%. Since all the studied compounds possess a common molecular backbone (diphenyl sulfide), dapsone was taken as the...
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Gossiping by energy-constrained mobile agents in tree networks
PublicationEvery node of an edge-weighted tree network contains a data packet. At some nodes are placed mobile agents, each one possessing an amount of energy (not necessarily the same for all agents). While walking along the network, the agents spend the energy proportionally to the distance traveled and collect copies of the data packets present at the visited network nodes. An agent visiting a node deposits there copies of all currently...
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Price Changes in Wholesale Market of Electrical Energy in Poland
PublicationThe article discusses the Price changes on the wholesale electricity market in Poland Moreover, The price levels on the futures electricity markets and the spot transactions market are presented. The impact of emission charges under the EU ETS on the price of electricity in the domestic market has been taken into consideration Furthermore, the basic determinants of the generation structure in Poland that influence the level of...
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The potential of urban agriculture in the revitalisation of a metropolis
PublicationIn Poland, the topic addressing urban areas of agricultural production and gardening activity is still viewed in two main blocks: 1) a shift of the urbanized zone’s boundaries, causing dispersion of suburban buildings as well as creates conflict zone between the residential area and the production and post-production zones; 2) a socially contentious issue of restructuring the inner-city complexes of former employee allotments....
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Computer -Aided Local Energy Planning Using ALEP-PL Software
PublicationThe issue of energy system planning, including the planning of local energy systems, is critical, since it affects the security of energy supplies in communities, regions, and consequently the security of energy supply within the country. Energy planning is a complex process that requires integration of different goals i.e. improvement of energy efficiency, increase in the share of renewables in the energy balance and CO2} emission...
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Nanoparticles preparation using microemulsion systems
PublicationMetallic nanoparticles become of current interests because they exhibit unique properties compared with those of metal atoms or bulk metal due to the quantum size effect and their large surface area, which make them attractive for applications in optics, electronics, catalysis biology and medicine. TiO2 has been used for environmental remediation purposes such as in the purification of water and air and also solar-to chemical energy...
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Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO2/BiVO4/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte
PublicationComposites based on the titania nanotubes were tested in aqueous electrolyte as a potential electrode material for energy storage devices. The nanotubular morphology of TiO2 was obtained by Ti anodization. TiO2 nanotubes were covered by a thin layer of bismuth vanadate using pulsed laser deposition. The formation of the TiO2/BiVO4 junction leads to enhancement of pseudocapacitance in the cathodic potential range. The third component,...
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Collaborative Exploration of Trees by Energy-Constrained Mobile Robots
PublicationWe study the problem of exploration of a tree by mobile agents (robots) that have limited energy. The energy constraint bounds the number of edges that can be traversed by a single agent. We use a team of agents to collectively explore the tree and the objective is to minimize the size of this team. The agents start at a single node, the designated root of the tree and the height of the tree is assumed to be less than the energy...
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HISTORY OF INITIAL ENERGY AND WATER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN QATAR
PublicationQatar: A country which had to be associated with neighboring countries like UAE or Saudi Arabia for people to know about it, stands proud today due to the ample production and exporting of Black Gold. A country with almost no vegetation or suitable weather to harvest crops, turned from being heavily dependent on trading Pearls to exporting natural oil and gas to all over the globe. The paper outlines in details the history of the...
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MARKAL long-term power generation scenarios for Poland: Increasing the share of renewable energy sources by 2040
PublicationIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspec-tives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In ad-dition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade...
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Striving for spatial energy efficiency in dwelling complexes. Kształtowanie przestrzennej efektywności energetycznej w zespołach zabudowy mieszkaniowej.
PublicationThe main aim of this article was to discover the key characteristics in shaping most rewarded eco- district complexes built respectively in temperate climate zone in respect to spatial energy efficiency and resilience principles. It was done through careful case studies, comparative analysis and juxtaposition of critical parameters related to spatial energy efficiency and resilience in chosen representative dwelling complexes....
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Collaborative Delivery by Energy-Sharing Low-Power Mobile Robots
PublicationWe study two variants of delivery problems for mobile robots sharing energy. Each mobile robot can store at any given moment at most two units of energy, and whenever two robots are at the same location, they can transfer energy between each other, respecting the maximum capacity. The robots operate in a simple graph and initially each robot has two units of energy. A single edge traversal by an robot reduces its energy by one...
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Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector
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Coffee silverskin as a potential bio-based antioxidant for polymer materials: Brief review
PublicationCoffee silverskin is one of the by-products generated by the coffee industry. Although it is not the most burdensome one, because it stands only for ~4.2 wt % of coffee, it seems like an auspicious raw material for industrial processes. Coffee silverskin is characterized by a relatively low moisture content of ~5–7%, so it often does not require quite energy-consuming drying processes. The chemical composition of coffee silverskin,...
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Applying Web 2.0 Concepts to Creating Energy Planning Portal
PublicationCommunity authorities in Europe are tasked to create Advanced Local Energy Plans (ALEP), which encompasses collecting local data on current energy use and generation, as well as generating future development scenarios. Both the data and the development scenarios must be publicly accessible as a basis for energy-related decisions taken by residents, local companies and other local institutions. The data must partially be collected...
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A study of the electronic states of pyrimidine by electron energy loss spectroscopy
PublicationThe electron energy loss spectra were measured in pyrimidine at the constant electron residual energy varied from 15 meV to 10 eV and in the scattering angle range 0–180°. The spectra were analysed applying an iteration fitting procedure to resolve the energy loss bands corresponding to excitation of the electronic states of pyrimidine. The vertical excitation energies of the singlet states of pyrimidine and of a number of the...
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EE-ISAC—Practical Cybersecurity Solution for the Energy Sector
PublicationA recent survey of cybersecurity assessment methods proposed by the scientific community revealed that their practical adoption constitutes a great challenge. Further research that aimed at identifying the reasons for that situation demonstrated that several factors influence the applicability, including the documentation level of detail, the availability of supporting tools, and the continuity of support. This paper presents the...
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Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of excited states of the pyridine molecules
PublicationElectron energy-loss spectra of the pyridine, C5H5N, molecules in the gas phase have been measured to investigate electronic excitation in the energy range 3.5–10 eV. The applied wide range of residual electron energy and the scattering angle range from 10 ◦ to 180 ◦ enabled to differentiate between optically-allowed and -forbidden transitions. These measurements have allowed vertical excitation energies of the triplet excited...
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AC-DC-DC Converter for Small Power Energy Storage Systems
PublicationThe energy transformation driven by the development of renewable energy sources has become a reality for all power grid users. Prosumer energy, primarily utilizing photovoltaic installations, is one of the fastest-growing market segments. The advancement of technology, a decrease in electrochemical energy storage prices, and changes in the legal framework governing energy billing for grid-fed power have led to a growing interest...